Index A ACCUM 13 dark current calibration 130 function of 122 minimum time 128 mode, described 24, 128 multiple reads 128 accumulate mode see "ACCUM" ACQ 25, 27, 71, 73 function of 122 mode, described 132 active control law 219 afterimages 60 amplifier glow 106, 130 described 116 non-linearity 116 aperture defining 99 NIC1 through NIC3-FIX 100 NIC2-ACQ 72 NIC2-CORON 71, 72 array comparison to CCD 26 read 123 reset 123 artifacts amplifier glow 106, 116, 130 shading 114 associations 203 atomic lines 189 attached parallel 27 B background 9, 15 ground-based 62 infrared 62 radiation 93 in exposure calculations 136 spectroscopy 93 thermal 62, 106, 136, 147 zodiacal 62, 136 zodiacal light 62 bad pixels 104, 118, 203 detector 106 bandpass see "filter" Becklin-Neugebauer object 45 bleeding 26 breathing 58 bright object limitations 60 bright object mode see "BRIGHTOBJ" bright targets 74 BRIGHTOBJ 25 calibration of mode 12 exposure times 198 function of 122 mode, described 197 C camera attached parallel 27 changing, overhead 145 field of view 22 filters 33 focus 50 image quality 50 orientation 23 resolution 22 spatial resolution NIC1 22 NIC2 23 NIC3 23 spectroscopy, camera 3 89 camera 1 through camera 3 see "camera" and "filter" CCD compared to NICMOS array 26 CELESTIAL 207, 210 chop 202, 203 overhead 145 patterns ONE-CHOP 209 TWO-CHOP 209 CO lines 189 cold baffling 69 cold pixels 118 combined patterns SPIRAL-DITH-CHOP 210 XSTRIP-DITH-CHOP 210 YSTRIP-DITH-CHOP 210 continuous viewing zone 66 conversion tool 179 cooling system 1, 217 capillary pumped loop 218 circulator loop 217, 218, 219 circulator pump 219 compressor pump 218 cooling coil 219 cryocooler 219 electronic support module 218 flex lines 218 heat exchanger 217, 218, 219 multi-layer insulation 219 NCS 1, 8, 18, 20, 219 power conversion electronics 217 coordinate system NICMOS 100, 101 coronagraphy 15 aperture 100 cold mask 16 coronagraphic hole 10, 71 coronagraphic mask 23 image contrast, PSF centering 76 observations 11, 12 occulting spot 16 target acquisition 132 overhead 144 cosmic rays 10, 59, 60 effect 59 CPL (Capillary Pumped Loop) see "cooling system" cryocooler see "cooling system" CVZ see "continuous viewing zone" D dark current 106 calibration in ACCUM or MULTIACCUM 130 detector 24, 106 exposure times 131 data data negative limit 73 readout, overhead 145 DEFOCUS mode 12, 49 detector amplifier glow 106, 116, 130 array reset 123 arrays 111 artifacts 114 bad pixels 106 bias 123 bright object limitations 25 characteristics 105 dark current 24, 106, 130 described 24 DQE 106 dynamic range 24, 106, 112 gain 105 HgCdTe 24, 104 linearity 106, 112 non-destructive read 26 non-linearity 24 operations 24 photovoltaic 103 quantum efficiency 106 read noise 24, 106, 111 readout modes 24, 121 response 106, 112 saturation 106, 112 shading see "shading" throughput 42 well depth 106 dewar 19, 21, 217, 218 aft end 20 cold mask 57 shifts 58 cryogenic liquid 217 inner shell 18 solid nitrogen 20 thermal short 8, 18 diffraction rings 57 spikes 57 diffraction limited 22, 33 dispersion direction 96 dither 10, 202, 203 patterns 11 SPIRAL-DITH 208 SQUARE-WAVE-DITH 208 XSTRIP-DITH 208 YSTRIP-DITH 208 dynamic range detector 106 E earthshine 66 electronic bars 117 emission lines exposure times 136 emissivity 64 encircled energy 9, 55 epsilon diagrams 93 ESM (Electronic Support Module) see "cooling system" exclusion F164N, camera 3 173 F175W, camera 3 174 F187N, camera 3 175 F190N, camera 3 175 F196N, camera 3 176 F200N, camera 3 176 F212N, camera 3 177 F215N, camera 3 177 F222M, camera 3 178 F240M, camera 3 178 grisms 93 polarizers 83 exposure time calculator extended objects 133 point sources 133 signal-to-noise 134 exposure times background radiation 135 BRIGHTOBJ 198 calculating 138 dark current 131 emission line contribution 136 instrument parameters 138 instrumental factors 135 signal-to-noise, calculating 136 F F090M through F237M see "filter" FET see "field effect transistor" FGS (Fine Guidance Sensors) 23 field effect transistor 104 field of view cameras 22 field offset mirror optical path 21 parallel observation 216 PSF 58 filter 33 available, list of 33 bandpasses 36, 38, 40 camera 1 35 camera 2 37 camera 3 39 described 22, 33 F090M, camera 1 154 F095N, camera 1 154 F097N, camera 1 155 F108N, camera 1 155 F108N, camera 3 171 F110M, camera 1 156 F110W, camera 1 156 F110W, camera 3 171 F113N, camera 1 157 F113N, camera 3 172 F11W, camera 2 162 F140W, camera 1 157 F145M, camera 1 158 F150W, camera 3 172 F160W, camera 1 158 F160W, camera 2 163 F160W, camera 3 173 F164N, camera 1 159 F164N, camera 3 173 F165M, camera 1 159 F165M, camera 2 163 F166N, camera 1 160 F170M, camera 1 160 F171M, camera 2 164 F175W, camera3 174 F180M, camera 2 164 F187N, camera 1 161 F187N, camera 2 165 F187N, camera 3 175 F187W, camera 2 165 F190N, camera 1 161 F190N, camera 2 166 F190N, camera 3 175 F196N, camera 3 176 F200N, camera 3 176 F204M, camera 2 166 F205W, camera 2 167 F207M, camera 2 167 F212N, camera 2 168 F212N, camera 3 177 F215N, camera 2 168 F215N, camera 3 177 F216N, camera 2 169 F222M, camera 2 169 F222M, camera 3 178 F237M, camera 2 170 F240M, camera 3 178 filter wheel 33 G141 95 leak 34 nomenclature 33 polarimetry 83 sensitivities 41 sensitivity curves, polarizers 83 sensitivity parameters 139–141 spectroscopy 33, 93 transmission 135 flat field color dependent 48 response 108 sensitivity variations 10 flux Jansky 3, 181 magnitude systems 180 standard stars 41 unit conversion 181 examples 189 units 3, 181 focus camera 1 50 camera 2 50 history 48 NIC3 18 out-of-focus operations 55 pupil alignment mechanism 48 FOM see "field offset mirror" FOS (Faint Object Spectrograph) 19 G gain see "detector" ghosts 60 glint 70, 78 glow amplifier, see "amplifier glow" grisms 10, 23 available 39 background radiation 136 described 89 resolving power 16 spectroscopy 15, 89 grot 118 guide star acquisition overhead 144 reacquisition overhead 144 H helium lines 189 Help Desk contacting 6 history 7 HOST (HST Orbital Systems Test) 219 hot pixels 118 hydrogen lines 189 I IDT "Instrument Development Team" ix image quality 50 strehl ratios 50 imaging filters 33 infrared 15 polarimetry 15 sensitivity limits 15 instrument 100 camera orientation 23 coordinate system 100 design 19 field divider 22 field of view 22 field offset mirror 21 filters 3 ƒ ratio 22 optical train 22, 48 optics 21 overview 19 pixel size 22 pupil alignment mechanism 21 setup time, overhead 144 intrapixel sensitivity 44 J Jansky 3 see also "flux" jitter 218 L leaks filters 34 linearity 112 detector 106 lines atomic 189 molecular 189 LOW-SKY 66 M magnitude CIT system 182 flux conversion 181 infrared system 180 UKIRT system 182 zero points 182 map patterns SPIRAL-MAP 211 mapping 203 MLI (Multi-Layer Insulation) see "cooling system" modes 26 ACCUM 122, 128 ACQ 27, 122 BRIGHTOBJ 122 detector readout 24 INT-ACQ 27, 75 mode-2 acquisition 72, 132 MULTIACCUM 121, 122, 123 molecular lines 189 mosaic 202 MULTIACCUM 10, 12, 13, 25 dark current calibration 130 dynamic range 124 function of 122 mode, described 24, 122, 123 SAMP-TIME 123 multiple accumulate mode see "MULTIACCUM" multiple initial and final reads 128, 137 N NCC (NICMOS Cryo Cooler) see "cooling system" NCS (NICMOS Cooling System) see "cooling system" NEXP 206 NIC1 8, 9, 12, 50 encircled energy 51 optimal focus 50 NIC1 through NIC3-FIX see "aperture" 100 NIC2 8, 9, 12, 50 encircled energy 51 NIC3 8, 9, 12 best focus 54 vignetting 56 NICMOS cooling system see "cooling system" NICMOS cryocooler see "cooling system" NICMOS-ORIENT 101 NIC-SPIRAL-DITH 207 non-destructive readout 123, 124, 128 NREAD 128 NSAMP 123, 124 Nyquist sampling 57 O observation attached parallel 27 coronagraphic, planning 79 grism, planning 96 planning 29 polarimetry, planning 87 observing patterns predesigned 207 NIC-MAP 207 NIC-ONE-CHOP 207 NIC-ONE-SKY-CHOP 207 NIC-SPIRAL-DITH 207 NIC-SPIRAL-DITH-CHOP 207 NIC-SPIRAL-DITH-SKY-CHOP 207 NIC-SPIRAL-MAP 207 NIC-SQUARE-WAVE-DITH 207 NIC-TWO-CHOP 207 NIC-TWO-SKY-CHOP 207 NIC-XSTRIP-DITH 207 NIC-XSTRIP-DITH-CHOP 207 NIC-XSTRIP-DITH-SKY-CHOP 207 NIC-YSTRIP-DITH 207 NIC-YSTRIP-DITH-CHOP 207 OFFSET 216 on-board acquisition 27 operating mode overheads 144 optical baffles 118 optical elements grisms 89 optical telescope assembly breathing 58 optics astigmatism 57 coma 57 dewar 21 elements 33 emissivity 64 filters 33 grisms 39 orbits required, calculating 147 time requests 143 ORIENT 101 orientation described 101 OTA see "optical telescope assembly" overhead 143 coronagraphy 147 example, polarimetry 147 examples 147 instrument specific 144 NICMOS specific 144 observatory level 144 P paint flakes see "grot" PAM 48 see "pupil alignment mechanism" parallels attached 27 pattern parameter form 202 PCE (Power Conversion Electronics) see "cooling system" pedestal 66 persistence 26 cosmic ray 10, 60, 78, 134 photon 10, 60 photodiode 104 photometric stability 42 photometry Johnson’s system 180 red source 45 sources with extreme colors 45 stability 42 Vega 180 young stellar objects 45 plate scale 15, 16, 22 pointing HST 11 polarimetry 15 example 147 filters 33 spectral coverage 33 polarizers 23 POS-TARG 99, 100, 203, 206, 207, 210 post-SAA 61 proposal instructions 6 overheads, exposure 144 Phase I 2 Phase II 2 Phase II Proposal Instructions 2 submission process 6 unsupported modes 12 PSF 57, 137 centering 76 field dependence 58 field offset mirror 58 NIC3 11 Nyquist sampling 57 subtraction 10 temporal dependence 58 temporal variations 76 pupil alignment mechanism 8, 18 focus 48 optical path 21 Q quality image 50 R re-acquisitions 144 read noise described 111 detector 106 readout ACCUM mode 122, 128 ACQ mode 122, 132 BRIGHTOBJ exposure times 198 mode 122, 197 MULTIACCUM mode 122, 123, 130 non-destructive 128 NSAMP 124 SAMP-TIME 123 readout modes detector 24 resolution cameras 22 re-use target acquisition described 26 reuse target offset 27, 75, 77, 79 RT ANALYSIS 75 RTO see "reuse target offset" S SAA see "South Atlantic Anomaly" SAM see "small angle maneuvers" 99 SAMP-TIME 123 saturation detector 106 sensitivity F164N, camera 3 173 F171M, camera 2 164 F175W, camera 3 174 F187N, camera 3 175 F190N, camera 3 175 F196N, camera 3 176 F200N, camera 3 176 F212N, camera 3 177 F215N, camera 3 177 F222M, camera 3 178 F237M, camera 2 170 F240M, camera 3 178 grisms 93 limits 15 polarizers 83 servicing mission SM3B 1, 20, 219 shading 26, 74, 106, 114 dark current removal 130 described 26, 114 shutter detector reset 123 shutter mechanism 123 signal-to-noise 133 calculating 136 sky brightness zodiacal background 62 small angle maneuvers 99, 145, 216 software spectroscopy reduction 96 South Atlantic Anomaly 60 Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility (ST-ECF) 7 spacecraft jitter 218 spacecraft orientations 101 spectroscopy 15 central wavelength 89 complex fields 96 dispersion 96 G141 95 grism, general 15 grisms, described 89 sensitivity 93 spectral coverage 89 STSDAS calibration 48 T target acquisition 26 ACQ mode, described 26 aperture 99, 100 interactive 26 onboard 26, 132 re-use target offset 26 target acquisition mode 24 TECs see "thermally electrically cooled shells" telescope motion 99 motion, overhead 144 small angle maneuvers 99 thermal background 62, 94, 136, 202 thermal electrically cooled shells 19 thermal emission 64, 110 thermal regime 9 thermal short see "dewar" thermal stress 57 throughput 15 time-resolved images 25 TinyTim 55 TWO-CHOP 147 U units in Handbook 3 microns 3 user support Help Desk 6 V vapor cooled shield 19 Vega 180 vignetting 54 cameras 1 and 2 54 cold 56 NIC3 56 warm 56 Visual Target Tuner (VTT) 32 W wavefront error 56 wavelength units 3 World Wide Web NICMOS Web page 7 Y young stellar objects (YSOs) 45, 47 Z zodiacal background 62, 136
