13434( 6) - 22-Apr-2015 16:39:06 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 13434 Version: 6 Check-in Time: 22-Apr-2015 16:39:06 STScI Edit Number: 0 Title Transmission spectroscopy through the debris disk of Fomalhaut ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 21 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Tiffany Meshkat Universiteit Leiden Y CoI: Dr. Matthew Kenworthy Universiteit Leiden N CoI: Dr. Benne W. Holwerda Sterrewacht Leiden N CoI: Dr. Paul Kalas University of California - Berkeley N CoI: Dr. Kevin France University of Colorado at Boulder N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract Fomalhaut, a young nearby A4V star, is surrounded by an inclined dust debris belt, directly imaged in optical scattered light with the HST. The proper motion and parallax of Fomalhaut will move this belt across an 18th magnitude background white dwarf star in the next decade. This presents a unique and fortuitous opportunity to probe the presence of gas and dust in the debris disk through spatially resolved transmission spectroscopy. We propose obtaining an HST/COS spectrum of the absorption during the diffuse (Cycle-21), thick (Cycle-23), and pristine (~2021) phase of occultation as the debris disk moves across the target background source. This is a rare opportunity to measure - for the first time - refractory elements and dust properties in a known planet-forming system, providing a valuable constraint on current planet formation theories. This experiment will act as a pathfinder for this type of science for future observations with JWST and future ELTs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ We will use STIS and COS in Cycle-21. We will obtain a quick (1000 s) spectrum with the STIS G140M to ensure the scattered light does not violate the bright object limit of COS. In the same orbit, we will switch to STIS G750L for the remaining time (~26 minutes). Once our target is confirmed to not violate the COS bright object limit, we will use three orbits with the COS grating G130M 1222 A to observe the 18th magnitude background source. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13434( 6) - 22-Apr-2015 16:39:06 - [ 2] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 FOMALHAUT-BA STAR, WDO RA-OFF=0.6S, DEC-OFF=-14.7", J2000 V = 18.0 +/- 0.5 CKGROUND-SOU FROM 2 RCE-OFF ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 FOMALHAUT STAR, A0-A3 V-IV RA=22H57M39.0465S +/- 0.1", J2000 V = 1.16 DEC=-29D37'20.05" +/- 0.1" Reference Frame: ICRS Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2000.0 0.0255 -0.16466999999999998 0.13008 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 FOMALHAUT-BA STAR, WDO RA=22H57M40.0780S +/- 0.05", J2000 V = 18.5 +/- 0.5 CKGROUND-SOU DEC=-29D37'37.26" +/- 0.05" RCE-DIR Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: This is the same source as Fixed Target 1. This target will be used for Orbits 3-4 with COS with direct acquisition as there is no mode of COS that can safely offset from Fomalhaut. The RA and DEC of this background source will be revised after visit 1. Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2014 0.0 0.0 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 FOMALHAUT-BA STAR, WDO RA-OFF=0.66S, DEC-OFF=-14.7", J2000 V = 18.5 +/- 0.5 CKGROUND-SOU FROM 2 RCE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13434( 6) - 22-Apr-2015 16:39:06 - [ 3] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 253D TO 313 D; ORIENT 58D TO 148 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: First we will acquire Fomalhaut and then offset to the 18th magnitude faint target. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 FOMALHAUT STIS/CCD ACQ F25ND5 MIRROR 1 0.5 S (0.5 S) Comments: Acquire Fomalhaut ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 FOMALHAUT-B STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X2 G140M 1272 1 1000 S ACKGROUND-S -MAMA see below OURCE-OFF (978 S) Comments: Spectrum to ensure this target does not violate the COS bright object limits. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 FOMALHAUT-B STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 CR-SPLIT=NO 2 500 S ACKGROUND-S see below OURCE-OFF (956 S) Comments: Spectrum to compare with previous STIS observations and obtain an extinction curve. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 CCDFLAT STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 2 DEF (0 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ FOMALHAUT 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F25ND5 MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A FOMALHAUT-BACKGROUN 2 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X2 G140M 1272 none none none none 1 978.0 S D-SOURCE-OFF -MAMA FOMALHAUT-BACKGROUN 3 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 none none 1 none 1 478.0 S D-SOURCE-OFF FOMALHAUT-BACKGROUN 3 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 none none 2 none 1 478.0 S D-SOURCE-OFF CCDFLAT 4 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 none none 1 none 1 N/A CCDFLAT 4 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 none none 2 none 1 N/A 13434( 6) - 22-Apr-2015 16:39:06 - [ 4] Visit: 03 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 253D TO 313 D; ORIENT 58D TO 148 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: 1 orbit with STIS G430L. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 FOMALHAUT STIS/CCD ACQ F25ND5 MIRROR 1 0.5 S (0.5 S) Comments: Acquire Fomalhaut. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 FOMALHAUT-B STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2E1 G430L 4300 CR-SPLIT=3 1 2268 S ACKGROUND-S (2268 S) OURCE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ FOMALHAUT 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F25ND5 MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A FOMALHAUT-BACKGROUN 2 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2E1 G430L 4300 none none none 1 1 N/A D-SOURCE FOMALHAUT-BACKGROUN 2 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2E1 G430L 4300 none none none 2 1 N/A D-SOURCE FOMALHAUT-BACKGROUN 2 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2E1 G430L 4300 none none none 3 1 N/A D-SOURCE 13434( 6) - 22-Apr-2015 16:39:06 - [ 5] Visit: 04 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 253D TO 313 D; ORIENT 58D TO 148 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: This orbit will be with G750L STIS to measure dust attenuation on a background star from the Fomalhaut debris disk. First we acquire Fomalhaut and then offset to the faint background star. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 FOMALHAUT STIS/CCD ACQ F25ND5 MIRROR 1 0.5 S (0.5 GS ACQ SCENARIO SINGLE S) Comments: Acquire Fomalhaut ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 FOMALHAUT-B STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 CR-SPLIT=NO 5 369 S ACKGROUND-S see below OURCE-OFF (2155 S) Comments: Comparison with orbit 1 and archival data (ID:8788) will allow us to measure dust attenuation from the Fomalhaut disk on a background star. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 CCDFLAT STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 2 DEF (0 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ FOMALHAUT 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F25ND5 MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A FOMALHAUT-BACKGROUN 2 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 none none 1 none 1 431.0 S D-SOURCE-OFF FOMALHAUT-BACKGROUN 2 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 none none 2 none 1 431.0 S D-SOURCE-OFF FOMALHAUT-BACKGROUN 2 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 none none 3 none 1 431.0 S D-SOURCE-OFF FOMALHAUT-BACKGROUN 2 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 none none 4 none 1 431.0 S D-SOURCE-OFF FOMALHAUT-BACKGROUN 2 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 none none 5 none 1 431.0 S D-SOURCE-OFF CCDFLAT 3 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 none none 1 none 1 N/A CCDFLAT 3 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 none none 2 none 1 N/A 13434( 6) - 22-Apr-2015 16:39:06 - [ 6] Visit: 05 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 253D TO 313 D; ORIENT 58D TO 148 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: This orbit will be with G750L STIS to measure dust attenuation on a background star from the Fomalhaut debris disk. First we acquire Fomalhaut and then offset to the faint background star. Please execute this orbit as far as possible after "Orbit 3: STIS G750L (04)". This allows us to compare the dust attenuation on the background star in different parts of the Fomalhaut debris disk. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 FOMALHAUT STIS/CCD ACQ F25ND5 MIRROR 1 0.5 S (0.5 GS ACQ SCENARIO SINGLE S) Comments: Acquire Fomalhaut ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 FOMALHAUT-B STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 CR-SPLIT=NO 5 369 S ACKGROUND-S see below OURCE-OFF (2155 S) Comments: Comparison with orbit 1 and archival data (ID:8788) will allow us to measure dust attenuation from the Fomalhaut disk on a background star. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 CCDFLAT STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 2 DEF (0 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ FOMALHAUT 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F25ND5 MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A FOMALHAUT-BACKGROUN 2 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 none none 1 none 1 431.0 S D-SOURCE-OFF FOMALHAUT-BACKGROUN 2 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 none none 2 none 1 431.0 S D-SOURCE-OFF FOMALHAUT-BACKGROUN 2 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 none none 3 none 1 431.0 S D-SOURCE-OFF FOMALHAUT-BACKGROUN 2 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 none none 4 none 1 431.0 S D-SOURCE-OFF FOMALHAUT-BACKGROUN 2 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 none none 5 none 1 431.0 S D-SOURCE-OFF CCDFLAT 3 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 none none 1 none 1 N/A CCDFLAT 3 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X2 G750L 7751 none none 2 none 1 N/A 13434( 6) - 22-Apr-2015 16:39:06 - [ 7] Summary Form for Proposal 13434 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures 52X2, 52X2E1, F25ND5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations STIS/CCD, STIS/FUV-MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM, ACQ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters CR-SPLIT=3, CR-SPLIT=NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements GS ACQ SCENARIO SINGLE, ORIENT 253D TO 313 D, ORIENT 58D TO 148 D ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements G140M, G430L, G750L, MIRROR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names CCDFLAT, FOMALHAUT, FOMALHAUT-BACKGROUND-SOURCE, FOMALHAUT-BACKGROUND-SOURCE-OFF ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------