10783( 4) - 03/20/06 00:00 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 10783 Version: 4 Check-in Time: 20-Mar-2006 05:00:25 Title Rapid Response: Jupiter's White Oval Turns Red ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle Parallel Pointing Tolerance GO/DD 14 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Amy Simon-Miller NASA Goddard Space Flight Center CoI: Dr. Glenn S. Orton Jet Propulsion Laboratory N CoI: Dr. Nancy J. Chanover New Mexico State University N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract In the late 1930s, bright white clouds expanded and encircled Jupiter's southern hemisphere in a band near 33 degrees south planetographic latitude. As it cleared, the clouds collapsed into three large anticyclonic storms later named the White Ovals. These three storms were second in size only to the Great Red Spot, but unlike their larger counterpart, were covered with white clouds. In the mid to late 1990s these storms suddenly approached each other very closely, resulting in the 1998 merger of two of the storms. In 2000, the third oval also merged, leaving one remaining large White Oval. Early in 2006, amateur observers noted that the oval appeared to be changing in appearance and turning red. While small red spots do appear on Jupiter from time to time, they usually form as a colored spot, cloud over, and become white, rather than the opposite. We wish to observe this unexpected, and unprecedented, color change with ACS to compare to similar ACS observations that serendipitously observed the oval in January 2005 and to recent and upcoming ground-based observations. The ACS HRC observations would be the highest spatial resolution possible, while also offering a unique range of filters from the near UV to the near IR. Using the two ACS datasets, we will compare the vertical structure of the storm to determine how the mass loading of the clouds may have changed. This is useful in determining local energetics and dynamics, which play a strong role in the overall energy balance of the planet. Understanding these mechanisms on the giant planets will also help us to better model the atmospheres of unresolved extrasolar giant planets. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10783( 4) - 03/20/06 00:00 - [ 2] Observations Description ------------------------ Target the new "red oval" using the ACS HRC. The oval's position is 290 deg W System III longitude on March 18. It is drifting eastward at ~ 0.24 deg/day (towards smaller System III W. longitude). Targeting time tolerance is approximately +/- 1 hour of central meridian crossing. The oval resides at 33 deg S. planetographic latitude, so the HRC FOV should be offset to ensure coverage of the southern hemisphere of the planet, if the entire disk does not fit in the FOV. Real Time Justification ----------------------- Calibration Justification ------------------------- Additional Comments ------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10783( 4) - 03/20/06 00:00 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Solar System Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 1 | TARGET NAME: JUPITER-RED-OVAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: PLANET Jupiter's Red Oval ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 | TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 | STD=JUPITER | TYPE=PGRAPHIC,LONG=290.0,LAT=- | 33.0,R_LONG=-0.24,EPOCH=18-Mar-2006 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 | WINDOWS | | CML OF JUPITER FROM EARTH BETWEEN 260.0 | 320.0 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DATA | COMMENTS | V = -2.3+/-0.4 | Target to ensure the southern | hemisphere is visible, if the entire | planet does not fit in the ACS HRC | field-of-view. All longitudes are | given in System III W. longitude, | latitude is planetographic. The | preferred central meridian longitude | is given in the Level 2 Target | requirement (based on March 18 | location and with associated drift | rate). The tolerance is +/- 30 deg. | of that longitude, as indicated in | the observing window BETWEEN window | (based on March 18). The field of | view can be offset slightly in the | direction of the deisred longitude, | to better center it, but that is not | strictly required. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10783( 4) - 03/20/06 00:00 - [ 4] Visit: 01 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: BETWEEN 20-MAR-2006:00:00:00 AND 10-APR-2006:00:00:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: See comments under Target. We would like to schedule this orbit for as soon as possible, given the time-variable nature of Jupiter's atmosphere. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 JUPITER-RED ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F220W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 220 S -OVAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 JUPITER-RED ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F250W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 20 S -OVAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 JUPITER-RED ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F330W CR-SPLIT=NO,GAIN=4 1 15 S -OVAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 JUPITER-RED ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F435W CR-SPLIT=NO,GAIN=4 1 3 S -OVAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 JUPITER-RED ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX FR656N 6370 CR-SPLIT=NO,GAIN=4 1 10 S -OVAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 JUPITER-RED ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX FR656N 6430 CR-SPLIT=NO,GAIN=4 1 10 S -OVAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 JUPITER-RED ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX FR656N 6490 CR-SPLIT=NO,GAIN=4 1 10 S -OVAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 JUPITER-RED ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F550M CR-SPLIT=NO,GAIN=4 1 3 S -OVAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 JUPITER-RED ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F658N CR-SPLIT=NO,GAIN=4 1 10 S -OVAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 JUPITER-RED ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F892N CR-SPLIT=NO,GAIN=4 1 12 S -OVAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 JUPITER-RED ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F550M CR-SPLIT=NO,GAIN=4 1 3 S -OVAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 JUPITER-RED ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F435W CR-SPLIT=NO,GAIN=4 1 3 S -OVAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 JUPITER-RED ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F658N CR-SPLIT=NO,GAIN=4 1 10 S -OVAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10783( 4) - 03/20/06 00:00 - [ 5] Exposures ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 JUPITER-RED ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F220W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 220 S -OVAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 JUPITER-RED ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F250W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 20 S -OVAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16 JUPITER-RED ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F330W CR-SPLIT=NO,GAIN=4 1 3 S -OVAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17 JUPITER-RED ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F435W CR-SPLIT=NO,GAIN=4 1 3 S -OVAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18 JUPITER-RED ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX FR656N 6370 CR-SPLIT=NO,GAIN=4 1 10 S -OVAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19 JUPITER-RED ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX FR656N 6430 CR-SPLIT=NO,GAIN=4 1 10 S -OVAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 JUPITER-RED ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX FR656N 6490 CR-SPLIT=NO,GAIN=4 1 10 S -OVAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 21 JUPITER-RED ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F550M CR-SPLIT=NO,GAIN=4 1 3 S -OVAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 22 JUPITER-RED ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F658N CR-SPLIT=NO,GAIN=4 1 10 S -OVAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 23 JUPITER-RED ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F892N CR-SPLIT=NO,GAIN=4 1 12 S -OVAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ JUPITER-RED-OVAL 1 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F220W none none none none 1 N/A JUPITER-RED-OVAL 2 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F250W none none none none 1 N/A JUPITER-RED-OVAL 3 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F330W none none none none 1 N/A JUPITER-RED-OVAL 4 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F435W none none none none 1 N/A JUPITER-RED-OVAL 5 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX FR656N 6370 none none none none 1 N/A JUPITER-RED-OVAL 6 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX FR656N 6430 none none none none 1 N/A JUPITER-RED-OVAL 7 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX FR656N 6490 none none none none 1 N/A JUPITER-RED-OVAL 8 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F550M none none none none 1 N/A JUPITER-RED-OVAL 9 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F658N none none none none 1 N/A JUPITER-RED-OVAL 10 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F892N none none none none 1 N/A JUPITER-RED-OVAL 11 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F550M none none none none 1 N/A JUPITER-RED-OVAL 12 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F435W none none none none 1 N/A 10783( 4) - 03/20/06 00:00 - [ 6] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ JUPITER-RED-OVAL 13 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F658N none none none none 1 N/A JUPITER-RED-OVAL 14 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F220W none none none none 1 N/A JUPITER-RED-OVAL 15 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F250W none none none none 1 N/A JUPITER-RED-OVAL 16 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F330W none none none none 1 N/A JUPITER-RED-OVAL 17 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F435W none none none none 1 N/A JUPITER-RED-OVAL 18 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX FR656N 6370 none none none none 1 N/A JUPITER-RED-OVAL 19 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX FR656N 6430 none none none none 1 N/A JUPITER-RED-OVAL 20 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX FR656N 6490 none none none none 1 N/A JUPITER-RED-OVAL 21 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F550M none none none none 1 N/A JUPITER-RED-OVAL 22 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F658N none none none none 1 N/A JUPITER-RED-OVAL 23 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F892N none none none none 1 N/A 10783( 4) - 03/20/06 00:00 - [ 7] Summary Form for Proposal 10783 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures HRC-FIX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations ACS/HRC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters CR-SPLIT=NO GAIN=4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements BETWEEN 20-MAR-2006 00 00 00 AND 10-APR-2006 00 00 00; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F220W F250W F330W F435W FR656N F550M F658N F892N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names JUPITER-RED-OVAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Wavelengths 6370 6430 6490 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------