12119( 2) - 04-Jun-2010 21:45:16 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 12119 Version: 2 Check-in Time: 04-Jun-2010 21:45:16 STScI Edit Number: 0 Title Rapid Response: Unexpected Jupiter Impact ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO/DD 17 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Amy Simon-Miller NASA Goddard Space Flight Center CoI: Dr. Heidi B. Hammel Space Science Institute N CoI: Prof. Imke de Pater University of California - Berkeley N CoI: Dr. Leigh Fletcher University of Oxford N CoI: Dr. Glenn S. Orton Jet Propulsion Laboratory N CoI: Dr. Michael H. Wong University of California - Berkeley N CoI: Dr. Agustin Sanchez-Lavega Universidad del Pais Vasco N CoI: Prof. John T. Clarke Boston University N CoI: Dr. Keith S. Noll Space Telescope Science Institute N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract On 3 June 2010, amateur astronomers A. Wesley and C. Go independently captured observations of an impact on Jupiter: the bright flash of an impact itself, not the dark aftermath as seen in 2009. This event was completely unexpected given the recent impact in 2009, and contradicts recently revised predictions of jovian impact rates. Three circumstances make this 2009 event unique: first, the event was captured on video; second, it was on the jovian day-side and hence fully visible from Earth; and third, it was at low latitude (i.e., favorably placed on the planet). These factors will permit a lightcurve to be extracted, which is critical for determining the energy of the explosion and hence the size of the impacting body (not available for the 2009 event and available for only a few 1994 events by Galileo). As of this writing, no dark impact site has been detected with telescopes of any aperture, including the Gemini North telescope. Hubble may be the only facility with high enough spatial resolution to detect the 2010 impact site. If Hubble images show a site, then the body's trajectory might be obtainable. If no site is detected, then Hubble will confirm that this is the first observation of a meteor on another atmosphere-bearing planet. If an event of this size occurred on Earth, it would be likely be termed a Type 1 Low-Altitude Airburst, like Tunguska or larger. Thus, this new event could become the best-observed analogue of a terrestrial airburst of the size that dominates the impact threat to humans. The observations we propose should provide independent constraints on penetration depth and atmospheric effects. This data will strongly inform our understanding of terrestrial airbursts and allow better quantification of the associated threat. We request a single orbit to image the impact latitude on the planet's central meridian. Of critical importance are Hubble's unique UV sensitivity (critical for assessing aspects of the 2009 impact, and not obtainable from any ground-based facility) and Hubble's high spatial resolution (also not obtainable in the visible form any ground-based telescope). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ 12119( 2) - 04-Jun-2010 21:45:16 - [ 2] We use 2K x 2K subarrays in quadrant A to take a series of images of Jupiter in multiple filters, including FQ889N, which MUST be in quadrant A. The other frames use the same pointing to minimize observatory overhead. Jupiter fits easily within the 2K x 2K subarray; larger array readouts would reduce the number of available exposures due to the WFC3 buffer dump overhead. Two windows were identified for Sunday 6 June: 06:41 and 16:37 UT. We prefer the window at 16:37 because it has a longer visibility. No timing constraints (other than avoiding transits by Galilean satellites) have been included in the proposal. Real Time Justification ----------------------- Calibration Justification ------------------------- Additional Comments ------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12119( 2) - 04-Jun-2010 21:45:16 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Solar System Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 1 TARGET NAME: JUPITER-IMPACT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: PLANET 2010 impact site ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 STD=JUPITER TYPE=PGRAPHIC, LONG=159, LAT=-16, ALT=0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 WINDOWS NOT TRANSIT OF IO ACROSS JUPITER FROM EARTH, NOT TRANSIT OF EUROPA ACROSS JUPITER FROM EARTH, NOT TRANSIT OF GANYMEDE ACROSS JUPITER FROM EARTH, NOT TRANSIT OF CALLISTO ACROSS JUPITER FROM EARTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DATA COMMENTS V = -2 Ephemeris Center: EARTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12119( 2) - 04-Jun-2010 21:45:16 - [ 4] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 JUPITER-IMP WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUAD FQ889N CR-SPLIT=NO 1 60 S ACT S -SUB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 JUPITER-IMP WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS1-2K2 F953N CR-SPLIT=NO 1 15 S ACT S A-SUB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 JUPITER-IMP WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS1-2K2 F225W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 150 S ACT S A-SUB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 JUPITER-IMP WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS1-2K2 F631N CR-SPLIT=NO 1 4 S ACT S A-SUB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 JUPITER-IMP WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS1-2K2 F502N CR-SPLIT=NO 1 4 S ACT S A-SUB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 JUPITER-IMP WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS1-2K2 F395N CR-SPLIT=NO 1 12 S ACT S A-SUB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 JUPITER-IMP WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS1-2K2 F502N CR-SPLIT=NO 1 4 S ACT S A-SUB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 JUPITER-IMP WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS1-2K2 F631N CR-SPLIT=NO 1 4 S ACT S A-SUB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 JUPITER-IMP WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS1-2K2 F275W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 40 S ACT S A-SUB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 JUPITER-IMP WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS1-2K2 F343N CR-SPLIT=NO 1 7 S ACT S A-SUB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ JUPITER-IMPACT 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ889N none none none none 1 N/A S D-SUB JUPITER-IMPACT 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS1-2K F953N none none none none 1 N/A S 2A-SUB JUPITER-IMPACT 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS1-2K F225W none none none none 1 N/A S 2A-SUB 12119( 2) - 04-Jun-2010 21:45:16 - [ 5] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ JUPITER-IMPACT 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS1-2K F631N none none none none 1 N/A S 2A-SUB JUPITER-IMPACT 5 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS1-2K F502N none none none none 1 N/A S 2A-SUB JUPITER-IMPACT 6 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS1-2K F395N none none none none 1 N/A S 2A-SUB JUPITER-IMPACT 7 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS1-2K F502N none none none none 1 N/A S 2A-SUB JUPITER-IMPACT 8 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS1-2K F631N none none none none 1 N/A S 2A-SUB JUPITER-IMPACT 9 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS1-2K F275W none none none none 1 N/A S 2A-SUB JUPITER-IMPACT 10 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS1-2K F343N none none none none 1 N/A S 2A-SUB 12119( 2) - 04-Jun-2010 21:45:16 - [ 6] Summary Form for Proposal 12119 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures UVIS-QUAD-SUB, UVIS1-2K2A-SUB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations WFC3/UVIS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters CR-SPLIT=NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F225W, F275W, F343N, F395N, F502N, F631N, F953N, FQ889N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names JUPITER-IMPACT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------