Achieving a comprehensive understanding of habitable and inhabited planets, and correct interpretation of biosignatures, requires systematic, statistical studies of large samples of exoplanets. However, the slow growth of the light-collecting power of space telescopes and their very high costs remain severely limiting factors in observing such samples. In fact, the high costs and limited availability of large-diameter space telescopes not only limits exoplanet and biosignature studies but space-based remote sensing across various disciplines, including astronomy, Earth and planetary sciences, as well as commercial and defense applications. 

In this talk, I will introduce the Nautilus Space Observatory concept that is designed to spectroscopically characterize the atmospheres of 1,000 exo-earth candidates. Nautilus is enabled by the combination of a revolution in the space launch industry and by a novel optical technology: Multi-order diffractive engineered material (MODE) lenses. MODE lenses provide ultralight and easier-to-fabricate alternatives to primary mirrors. They enable a new paradigm in which large-diameter telescopes can be efficiently replicated at lower costs and in larger numbers. I will show our rapidly progressing technology development program, including our latest prototypes and new laboratory, and progress on design, fabrication, alignment, and testing methods. I will briefly describe the Nautilus Space Observatory and its science scope, and discuss some of the exciting scientific opportunities such a mission will enable – in Earth and space sciences, in addition to exoplanet characterization. 

Speaker: Dániel Apai (The University of Arizona)

The 2025 Fall Colloquium talks are held on Wednesdays at 3:00 PM. This colloquium is hosted by STScI and will be held as an in-person and virtual event.

You may join in person at STScI’s John N. Bahcall Auditorium or virtually on the STScI Research YouTube channel.

Please direct questions or comments to contact above. The 2025 Fall Colloquium Committee members are: Nimisha Kumari (STScI), Elena Manjavacas (STScI), Jack Neustadt (JHU), Kevin Schlaufman (JHU), Adam Smercina (STScI), Ethan Vishniac (JHU).