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NASA’s Webb Reveals Black Hole That Formed Before Its Galaxy

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May 27, 2026 11:00AM (EDT)Release ID: 2026-110
Space telescope image showing hundreds of bright objects of different size, color, and shape on the black background of space. Colors range from white to deep red. Shapes include elliptical, spiral, dot-like, dash-like, and arcuate. Many of the large objects near the center of the image are fuzzy white, with bright white cores. Many smaller objects scattered throughout the image are pink to red. Three objects in the central part of the image are called out with small white boxes: A box labeled “C” at about 12 o’clock; one labeled “B” at 3 o’clock; and a box labeled “A” at 4 o’clock.

Summary

The first direct mass measurement from the early universe weighs in on the debate over the origins of supermassive black holes.

How could a supermassive black hole tens of millions of times the mass of the Sun, a black hole that was already enormous just 700 million years after the big bang, begin with the collapse of a single star? Maybe it didn’t.

Using the unprecedented imaging and spectroscopic power of NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, researchers have mapped the motion and composition of gas orbiting a black hole in the center of Abell2744-QSO1, a tiny galaxy more than 13 billion light-years away. The results suggest that the 50-million-solar-mass black hole predates its host galaxy, possibly forming within the first second of the big bang, and must have been immense from the start.

Full Article

Which comes first, the galaxy or the black hole? We don’t know, but scientists have long thought it could be the galaxy: Large stars within an existing galaxy consume their fuel and collapse to form black holes, which can gobble up surrounding material and merge over time to form more massive entities. But it’s hard to figure out how black holes millions to billions of times the mass of the Sun, thousands of which have now been detected in the early universe, could have grown so quickly from such small seeds.   Now, researchers using NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope ...

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News releases highlighting the discoveries of NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope are produced for NASA by the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in Baltimore, Maryland, under NASA Contract NAS5-03127. News release content is developed by the News Team in STScI’s Office of Public Outreach.

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