----- Submission 1 (Thu May 18 18:47:10 GMT 2006) ----- Assigned ID: 265 ----- Submission 1 (Fri Jan 27 16:46:04 GMT 2006) ----- Phase I Proposal 265 (GO_URA_CYC15) successfully submitted. Uranus' 97-degree spin axis inclination results in the largest fractional seasonal variation of solar insolation in the solar system. Uranus is now close to its 7 December 2007 equinox, and we can now see most of the northern hemisphere, which was in darkness when Voyager provided our first detailed view of the planet in 1986. If Uranus' seasonal response has the large phase shift expected from its long radiative time constant, it should now exhibit nearly maximal hemispheric contrast. Although the long time constant also suggests a small physical response, significant hemispheric asymmetries in cloud structure and dynamics are becoming apparent. We propose a detailed characterization of Uranus' current response to this forcing with a 10-orbit program consisting of 4 orbits of WFC imaging with narrowband ramp filters and 6 orbits of HRC imaging using both broadband and narrowband filters. Nine narrow-band filters between 0.62 and 0.955 microns will provide vertical sensing depths scanning through the pressure range where the putative methane and deeper H2S clouds might plausibly exist and provide strong constraints on their optical properties and parent gas mixing ratios. The high resolution HRC images will characterize the dynamics of discrete features at the 15-30 hour time scale unavailable from the ground. Short wavelength HRC images will enable a characterization of the stratospheric haze. These observations have unique combinations of spectral range and resolution with needed temporal and spatial resolution not available from groundbased observations.

Spatial and Temporal Sampling: The 10-orbit observing program is designed to obtain complete longitudinal coverage for the narrow-band ramp filters and the four HRC longer wavelength filters, but only center-to-limb coverage for the shortwave HRC filters 250W, 330W, and 435W, which are unlikely to see any discrete features. To obtain essentially complete longitude coverage at least out to 50D N requires at least four orbits with approximately equal longitude spacing. Orbits 2, 5, 17, and 20 provide that coverage for the WFC narrowband ramp filter images. Similar coverage for the HRC imaging is provided by orbits 1, 4, 16, and 19. Two additional HRC orbits (6 and 21) provide important time-delayed coverage that, with other images, allows dynamical measurements of latitudinal and longitudinal motions over the 15-30 hour time domain that is inaccessible from the ground. The proposed program provides barely adequate longitudinal coverage at 50D N, and good coverage at southern latitudes, with enough overlap to potentially permit useful wind speed determination and information about cloud evolution. 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