Morphologies of spectroscopically-confirmed "red and dead" galaxies at z~2.5

Morphologies of spectroscopically-confirmed "red and dead" galaxies at z~2.5 Using a combination of wide-field near-infrared imaging and very deep follow-up near-infrared spectroscopy we have identified a population of massive "red and dead" galaxies at z~2.5. The galaxies lack emission lines and have strong Balmer/4000 Angstrom breaks, demonstrating directly that they have evolved stellar populations. These objects are very likely progenitors of massive ellipticals today and may be descendants of the first generation of galaxies. We propose to image 10 of these objects with the NIC2 camera to determine their morphologies. The goals are to 1) determine whether they have the sizes of present-day early-types or are more compact, as predicted by models, 2) determine the morphology, using visual classification and quantitative methods, and 3) constrain the evolution of the Kormendy relation from z~2.5 to the present. These observations will show whether the oldest and most massive galaxies at z~2.5 were already fully formed or still in the process of assembly.

We image 9 faint near-IR selected galaxies with NIC2 in the F160W filter. The two brightest galaxies have 2 orbits each, and the remaining 7 galaxies have 3 orbits. An integer pixel dither pattern is used, with 36 pixels in x and 4 pixels in y, with two MULTIACCUM exposures per orbit. The dither pattern is a compromise between minimizing read noise and maximizing bad pixel rejection and background subtraction. Visits 1 and 5 are the 2-orbit (=4 exposures) visits. Visits 2,3,4,6,7,8,9 are 3-orbit (=6 exposures) visits. Visits 3 and 8 have ORIENT constraints, to avoid nearby bright objects. In both cases the ORIENT is close to the value which has maximum schedulability. PLEASE DO NOT SCHEDULE SHORTLY AFTER SAA PASSAGE: these are faint objects and the science will be compromised if the observations are scheduled right after an SAA passage. COSMOLOGY 12 false 0 0.0 0 false false false false false false SUPPORTED GALAXY HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXY K=19.01 J2000 10 30 51.2000 +05 25 36.30 J2000 GALAXY HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXY K=19.52 J2000 10 30 40.1000 +05 26 34.30 J2000 GALAXY HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXY K=19.28 J2000 12 54 59.6000 +01 11 29.90 J2000 GALAXY HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXY K=19.65 J2000 12 55 2.7000 +01 07 32.20 J2000 GALAXY HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXY K=18.76 J2000 12 55 25.8000 +01 03 25.00 J2000 GALAXY HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXY K=19.49 J2000 03 32 13.3000 -27 52 26.30 J2000 GALAXY HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXY K=19.37 J2000 03 32 45.0000 -27 43 9.20 J2000 GALAXY HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXY K=19.30 J2000 22 33 37.9000 -60 33 14.60 J2000 GALAXY HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXY K=19.54 J2000 22 32 30.8000 -60 32 44.00 J2000 NIC2 Imaging No No F160W NIC2 Imaging No No F160W NIC2 Imaging No No F160W NIC2 Imaging No No F160W NIC2 Imaging No No F160W NIC2 Imaging No No F160W NIC2 Imaging No No F160W NIC2 Imaging No No F160W NIC2 Imaging No No F160W NIC2 Imaging No No F160W POS-TARG DITHER DITHER 3.039 Pattern chosen to provide integer pixel offsets of 36,4 pixels. Assumed pixel scale of 0.0756 +- 0.0002 NIC-XSTRIP-DITH false true 4 96.339996 POS-TARG NIC-SPIRAL-DITH 0 1

false

POS-TARG DITHER DITHER 3.039 Pattern chosen to provide integer pixel offsets of 36,4 pixels. Assumed pixel scale of 0.0756 +- 0.0002 NIC-XSTRIP-DITH false true 6 96.339996 POS-TARG NIC-SPIRAL-DITH 0 2

false

POS-TARG DITHER DITHER 3.039 Pattern chosen to provide integer pixel offsets of 36,4 pixels. Assumed pixel scale of 0.0756 +- 0.0002 NIC-XSTRIP-DITH false true 6 6.339996 POS-TARG NIC-SPIRAL-DITH 0 3

false

Please do NOT schedule schedule right after passage through South Atlantic Anomaly. This produces nasty residuals in the images. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "01" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20060322" :date "21-May-2006 18:23:52.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 2 :saa-model "23" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 101584 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "01" :obset-id "01" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "01" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 355 :si-vis-utilization 2660 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3132 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "01" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 355 :si-vis-utilization 2634 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 150 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3132 :pcs-gap 0 ) false 2 0 Please do NOT schedule schedule right after passage through South Atlantic Anomaly. This produces nasty residuals in the images. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "02" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20060322" :date "21-May-2006 18:23:55.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 3 :saa-model "23" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 152384 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "02" :obset-id "02" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "02" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 355 :si-vis-utilization 2660 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3132 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "02" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 355 :si-vis-utilization 2658 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3132 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "02" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 355 :si-vis-utilization 2634 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 99 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3132 :pcs-gap 0 ) false 3 0 Please do NOT schedule schedule right after passage through South Atlantic Anomaly. This produces nasty residuals in the images. ORIENT chosen to avoid nearby bright star - this orient is easily schedulable. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "03" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20060322" :date "21-May-2006 18:23:58.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 3 :saa-model "23" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 152384 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "03" :obset-id "03" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "03" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 355 :si-vis-utilization 2660 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3132 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "03" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 355 :si-vis-utilization 2658 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3132 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "03" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 355 :si-vis-utilization 2634 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 99 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3132 :pcs-gap 0 ) false 3 0 Please do NOT schedule schedule right after passage through South Atlantic Anomaly. This produces nasty residuals in the images. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "04" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20060322" :date "21-May-2006 18:24:01.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 3 :saa-model "23" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 152384 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "04" :obset-id "04" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "04" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 355 :si-vis-utilization 2660 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3132 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "04" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 355 :si-vis-utilization 2658 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3132 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "04" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 355 :si-vis-utilization 2634 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 99 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3132 :pcs-gap 0 ) false 3 0 Please do NOT schedule schedule right after passage through South Atlantic Anomaly. This produces nasty residuals in the images. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "05" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20060322" :date "21-May-2006 18:24:04.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 2 :saa-model "23" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 101584 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "05" :obset-id "05" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "05" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 355 :si-vis-utilization 2660 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3132 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "05" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 355 :si-vis-utilization 2634 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 150 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3132 :pcs-gap 0 ) false 2 0 Please do NOT schedule schedule right after passage through South Atlantic Anomaly. This produces nasty residuals in the images. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "06" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20060322" :date "21-May-2006 18:23:20.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 3 :saa-model "23" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 159008 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "06" :obset-id "06" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "06" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 355 :si-vis-utilization 2788 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3149 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "06" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 355 :si-vis-utilization 2786 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3149 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "06" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 355 :si-vis-utilization 2762 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 104 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3149 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 3 0 Please do NOT schedule schedule right after passage through South Atlantic Anomaly. This produces nasty residuals in the images. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "07" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20060322" :date "21-May-2006 18:22:57.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 3 :saa-model "23" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 159008 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "07" :obset-id "07" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "07" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 355 :si-vis-utilization 2788 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3149 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "07" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 355 :si-vis-utilization 2786 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3149 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "07" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 355 :si-vis-utilization 2762 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 104 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3149 :pcs-gap 0 ) false 3 0 Please do NOT schedule schedule right after passage through South Atlantic Anomaly. This produces nasty residuals in the images. ORIENT avoids two bright objects which are ~15'' away from the target. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "08" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20060322" :date "21-May-2006 18:21:27.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 3 :saa-model "23" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 159008 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "08" :obset-id "08" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "08" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 355 :si-vis-utilization 2788 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3243 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "08" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 355 :si-vis-utilization 2786 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3243 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "08" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 355 :si-vis-utilization 2762 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 104 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3243 :pcs-gap 0 ) false 3 0 Please do NOT schedule schedule right after passage through South Atlantic Anomaly. This produces nasty residuals in the images. ORIENT avoids two bright objects which are ~15'' away from the target. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "08" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20060322" :date "21-May-2006 18:21:27.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 3 :saa-model "23" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 159008 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "08" :obset-id "08" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "08" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 355 :si-vis-utilization 2788 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3243 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "08" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 355 :si-vis-utilization 2786 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3243 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "08" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 355 :si-vis-utilization 2762 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 104 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3243 :pcs-gap 0 ) false 3 0 Please do NOT schedule schedule right after passage through South Atlantic Anomaly. This produces nasty residuals in the images. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "09" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20060322" :date "21-May-2006 18:22:14.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 3 :saa-model "23" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 159008 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "09" :obset-id "09" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "09" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 355 :si-vis-utilization 2788 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3243 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "09" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 355 :si-vis-utilization 2786 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3243 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "09" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 355 :si-vis-utilization 2762 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 104 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3243 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 3 0 Please do NOT schedule schedule right after passage through South Atlantic Anomaly. This produces nasty residuals in the images. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "09" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20060322" :date "21-May-2006 18:22:14.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 3 :saa-model "23" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 159008 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "09" :obset-id "09" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "09" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 355 :si-vis-utilization 2788 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3243 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "09" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 355 :si-vis-utilization 2786 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3243 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 10808 :visit-id "09" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 355 :si-vis-utilization 2762 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 104 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3243 :pcs-gap 0 ) false 3 0