Expanding PNe: Distances and Hydro Models
We propose to obtain repeat narrowband images of a sample of eighteen planetary nebulae (PNe) which have HST/WFPC2 archival data spanning time baselines of a decade. All of these targets have previous high signal-to-noise WFPC2/PC observations and are sufficiently nearby to have readily detectable expansion signatures after a few years.
Our main scientific objectives are (a) to determine precise distances to these PNe based on their angular expansions, (b) to test detailed and highly successful hydrodynamic models that predict nebular morphologies and expansions for subsamples of round/elliptical and axisymmetric PNe, and (c) to monitor the proper motions of nebular microstructures in an effort to learn more about their physical nature and formation mechanisms.
The proposed observations will result in high-precision distances to a healthy subsample of PNe, and from this their expansion ages, luminosities, CSPN properties, and masses of their ionized cores. With good distances and our hydro models, we will be able to determine fundamental parameters (such as nebular and central star masses, luminosity, age). The same images allow us to monitor the changing overall ionization state and to search for the surprisingly non-homologous growth patterns to bright elliptical PNe of the same sort seen by Balick & Hajian (2004) in NGC 6543. Non-uniform growth is a sure sign of active pressure imbalances within the nebula that require careful hydro models to understand.
All of our proposed new observations complement extant WFPC2/PC images in [OIII] and [NII] obtained in the 1990s. We expect that expansions at nebular edges will have amounted to about 0.5?1 PSF for the nearby PNe we have selected, making it easy to detect the proper radial motions of the sharp edges of large-scale features. Our second-epoch observations will largely repeat the filters, pointing, and exposure times of the earlier observations with slight adjustments that optimize the S/N of the two-epoch image differences. In order to save telescope time we do not plan to dither the images since the loci of sharp edges of large-scale features do not significantly benefit.
ISM AND CIRCUMSTELLAR MATTER
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