Tracing the distribution of gas and galaxies using three closely-spaced background QSOs

Tracing the distribution of gas and galaxies using three closely-spaced background QSOs The distribution of the gaseous intergalactic medium (IGM) around galaxies is fundamentally important to our understanding of galaxy evolution. Simulations suggest that 'feedback' - the return of gas and radiation to the IGM via active galactic nuclei or star-formation-driven winds - is an important part of galaxy formation and a possible way to enrich the IGM with metals. We propose to use COS to observe the IGM towards the brightest known group of three QSOs (z=0.96, 0.96 and 0.73) separated by a few arcminutes on the sky. Using far-UV spectra of the Lyman-alpha forest region at resolutions > 20000, we will detect both the cooler photo-ionized IGM at ~10,000K using narrow HI absorbers, and the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) at ~100,000 K using OVI and broad HI absorbers over a redshift range of 0 < z < 0.48 (HI) and 0.17 < z < 0.73 (OVI). The immediate objective is to compare the distribution of the WHIM and cooler IGM to the distribution of galaxies in the same field over redshifts from 0 to 0.6, and scales from ~100 kpc to ~1 Mpc. In particular we will look for signs of feedback, such as metal-enriched WHIM gas close to galaxies. The three sight-lines with separations of ~400 kpc to ~1 Mpc will allow us to constrain the size and geometry of gas overdensities in the IGM, which is not possible with only one or two QSO sight-lines. The QSO separations are ideally suited for this purpose, as they are comparable to the expected size of IGM gas clouds. Using state-of-the-art hydrodynamical simulations, which include gas cooling inflows, outflows, feedback, and the introduction of gas and metals in the IGM, we will construct mock spectra and galaxy distributions to compare with the observations. Taken together, our new HST observations, ground-based galaxy redshift survey, and simulations will enable us to investigate the nature and extent of the connection between the IGM and galaxies.

We will observe the brightest known triplet of QSOs of order ~1 arcminute separations. The three QSOs are: Name RA J2000 Dec J2000 Mag zqso fluxUV (erg/s/cm2/?) A Q0107-025A 01:10:13.1 -02:19:52.0 B=18.1 0.960 0.7 ? 10-15 @ 1400 ? B Q0107-025B 01:10:16.2 -02:18:50.0 B=17.4 0.956 1.2 ? 10-15 @ 1400 ? C Q0107-0232 01:10:14.5 -02:16:57.5 V=18.4 0.726 0.3 ? 10-15 @ 1700 ? Using four wavelength settings for each QSO (two for each grating), we will obtain complete wavelength coverage over the range 1175 - 1795?, corresponding to z < 0.48 for HI Ly-α, and 0.14 < z < 0.73 for the OVI doublet. We will observe each QSO to a S/N of ~10 per 0.06 ? resolution element. S/N ~10 is desirable as our experience analysing existing STIS echelle spectra suggests that at S/N < ~5 it becomes difficult to independently constrain the line width and column density. We have generated a set of Voigt profiles with known column density (N) and b parameter, degraded them to the same resolution as real COS spectra for a range of S/N, and fitted them with the Voigt-profile fitting program VPFIT to see if we can recover the input b and N. This process confirmed that S/N = 5 per resolution element is too low to reliably recover the input parameters, and that S/N = 10 is adequate for recovering line parameters for a range of input values. We note the analyses of the low-redshift forest described in Lehner et al. (2007) were performed on high-resolution STIS spectra with S/N ~10, also showing this value is high enough to separately constrain b and N. We use the following formula to determine the 4σ equivalent width (EW) detection limit as a function of the S/N per resolution element and resolution element width in ?: 4σ limiting EW (?) = 4 * (res. element width (?)) / (S/N per res. element) This gives a 4σ limiting rest EW of 24 m? at S/N=10 for our observations. We note that there is a strong Ly-a at z=0.577 in the near-UV C spectrum that also shows strong associated SiII, SiIII, CII and OI. Thus is it likely this is a high-column density Lyman limit system. The Lyman limit from this system will fall at ~1420 Angstroms, and will only affect Ly-α lines at z < 0.17 in this sight-line. Due to the presence of this LLS, we have chosen not to observe QSO C with any G130M grating wavelength settings, which mostly cover wavelengths <1400 Angstroms. For each grating we will use two central wavelengths settings: 1291 & 1318 for G130M, and 1589 & 1623 for G160M with 4 FP-POS settings. These provide complete wavelength coverage from 1140? to 1799?, with overlap from at least two gratings between 1175? and 1760? (apart from four ~20? gaps, corresponding to the midpoints of each wavelength setting, where only one grating covers the region). 12 false 0.0 0.0 false false false false false false SUPPORTED GALAXY QSO This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the NED database. Coordinates are from GSC2.3. 0.7 * 10^(-15) erg/s/cm2/Ang at 1400 Angstroms, GALEX fluxes: 210/64 microjanskies in NUV/FUV LBQS-0107-025A S03W004206 J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 GALAXY QSO This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the NED database. Coordinates from GSC2.3 1.0 * 10^(-15) erg/s/cm2/Ang at 1400 Angstroms, GALEX fluxes: 357/148 microjanskies in NUV/FUV LBQS-0107-025B S03W004295 J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 GALAXY QSO This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the NED database. Coordinates from GSC2.3. 0.3 * 10^(-15) erg/s/cm2/Ang at 1700 Angstroms, GALEX fluxes: 74/27 microjanskies in NUV/FUV S03P002795 J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. A G130M 1291 5orbit (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "01" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20091209" :date "25-Jan-2010 12:10:29.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 5 :saa-model "31" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 452400 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "01" :obset-id "01" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "01" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2901 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 40 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "01" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "01" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "01" :orbit-number 4 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "01" :orbit-number 5 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 438 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 5 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. A G130M 1318 5orbit (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "02" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20091209" :date "25-Jan-2010 12:09:51.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 5 :saa-model "31" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 452400 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "02" :obset-id "02" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "02" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2901 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 40 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "02" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "02" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "02" :orbit-number 4 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "02" :orbit-number 5 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 438 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 5 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. A G160M 1589 4orbit I (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "03" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20091209" :date "25-Jan-2010 12:09:09.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 4 :saa-model "31" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 365424 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "03" :obset-id "03" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "03" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2901 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 40 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "03" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "03" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "03" :orbit-number 4 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 438 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 4 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. A G160M 1589 4orbit II (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "04" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20091209" :date "25-Jan-2010 12:08:33.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 4 :saa-model "31" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 365424 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "04" :obset-id "04" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "04" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2901 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 40 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "04" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "04" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "04" :orbit-number 4 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 438 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 4 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. A G160M 1623 4orbit I (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "05" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20091209" :date "25-Jan-2010 12:08:03.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 4 :saa-model "31" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 365424 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "05" :obset-id "05" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "05" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2901 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 40 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "05" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "05" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "05" :orbit-number 4 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 438 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 4 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. A G160M 1623 4orbit II (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "06" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20091209" :date "25-Jan-2010 12:07:32.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 4 :saa-model "31" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 365424 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "06" :obset-id "06" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "06" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2901 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 40 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "06" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "06" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "06" :orbit-number 4 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 438 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 4 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. B G130M 1291 4orbit (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "07" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20091209" :date "25-Jan-2010 12:06:59.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 4 :saa-model "31" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 356688 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "07" :obset-id "07" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "07" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2901 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 116 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "07" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "07" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "07" :orbit-number 4 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 438 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 4 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. B G130M 1318 4orbit (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "08" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20091209" :date "25-Jan-2010 12:06:21.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 4 :saa-model "31" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 356688 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "08" :obset-id "08" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "08" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2901 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 116 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "08" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "08" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "08" :orbit-number 4 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 438 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 4 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. B G160M 1589 4orbit (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "09" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20091209" :date "25-Jan-2010 12:05:36.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 4 :saa-model "31" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 356688 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "09" :obset-id "09" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "09" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2901 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 116 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "09" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "09" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "09" :orbit-number 4 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 438 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 4 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. B G160M 1623 4orbit (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "10" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20091209" :date "25-Jan-2010 12:05:05.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 4 :saa-model "31" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 356688 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "10" :obset-id "10" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "10" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2901 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 116 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "10" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "10" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "10" :orbit-number 4 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 438 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 4 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. C G160M 1589 5orbit I (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "11" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20091209" :date "25-Jan-2010 12:04:28.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 5 :saa-model "31" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 452368 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "11" :obset-id "11" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "11" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2901 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "11" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "11" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "11" :orbit-number 4 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "11" :orbit-number 5 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 438 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 5 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. C G160M 1589 5orbit II (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "12" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20091209" :date "25-Jan-2010 12:03:44.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 5 :saa-model "31" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 452368 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "12" :obset-id "12" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "12" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2901 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "12" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "12" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "12" :orbit-number 4 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "12" :orbit-number 5 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 438 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 5 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. C G160M 1589 5orbit III (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "13" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20091209" :date "25-Jan-2010 12:03:00.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 5 :saa-model "31" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 452368 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "13" :obset-id "13" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "13" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2901 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "13" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "13" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "13" :orbit-number 4 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "13" :orbit-number 5 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 438 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 5 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. C G160M 1623 5orbit I (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "14" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20091209" :date "25-Jan-2010 12:02:13.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 5 :saa-model "31" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 452368 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "14" :obset-id "14" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "14" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2901 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "14" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "14" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "14" :orbit-number 4 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "14" :orbit-number 5 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 438 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 5 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. C G160M 1623 5orbit II (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "15" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20091209" :date "25-Jan-2010 12:01:29.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 5 :saa-model "31" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 452368 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "15" :obset-id "15" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "15" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2901 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "15" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "15" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "15" :orbit-number 4 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "15" :orbit-number 5 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 438 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 5 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. C G160M 1623 5orbit III (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "16" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20091209" :date "25-Jan-2010 12:00:41.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 5 :saa-model "31" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 452368 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "16" :obset-id "16" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "16" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2901 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "16" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "16" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "16" :orbit-number 4 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 126 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11585 :visit-id "16" :orbit-number 5 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3012 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 438 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 5 0