In Search of SNIb/Ic Wolf-Rayet Progenitors and Comparison with Red Supergiants (SNII Progenitors) in the Giant ScI Spiral M101

In Search of SNIb/Ic Wolf-Rayet Progenitors and Comparison with Red Supergiants (SNII Progenitors) in the Giant ScI Spiral M101 We propose to test two of the clearest predictions of the theory of evolution of massive-star evolution: 1) The formation of Wolf-Rayet stars depends strongly on these stars' metallicity (Z), with relatively fewer WR stars forming at lower Z, and 2) Wolf-Rayet stars die as Type Ib or Ic supernovae. To carry out these tests we propose a deep, narrowband imaging survey of the massive star populations in the ScI spiral galaxy M101. Just as important, we will test the hypothesis that Superclusters like 30 Doradus are always richly populated with WR stars, and by implication that these complexes are responsible for the spectral signatures of starburst galaxies. Our previous HST survey of the HII regions in the ScIII galaxy NGC 2403 suggested that the distribution of WR stars and RSG is a sensitive diagnostic of the recent star-forming history of these large complexes: young cores of O and WR stars are surrounded by older halos containing RSG. Theory predicts that this must change with metallicity; relatively fewer WR stars form at lower Z. A key goal of our proposal is to directly test this paradigm in a single galaxy, M101 being the ideal target. The abundance gradient across M101 (a factor of 20) suggests that relatively many more WR will be found in the inner parts of this galaxy than in the outer "suburbs". Second, we note that WR stars are predicted to end their lives as core-collapse or pair-instability supernovae. The WR population in M101 may be abundant enough for one to erupt as a Type Ib or Ic supernova within a generation. The clear a priori identification of a WR progenitor would be a major legacy of HST. Third, we will also determine if "superclusters", heavily populated by WR stars, are common in M101. It is widely claimed that such Superclusters produce the integrated spectral signatures of Starburst galaxies. We will be able to directly measure the numbers and emission-line luminosities of thousands of Wolf Rayet stars located in hundreds of M101 Superclusters, and correlate those numbers against the Supercluster sizes and luminosities. It is likely (but far from certain) that Supercluster sizes and emission-line luminosities are driven by their Wolf-Rayet star content. Our sample will be the largest and best-ever Supercluster/Wolf Rayet sample, an excellent local proxy for characterizing starburst galaxies' Superclusters.

By far the easiest and most reliable technique to detect individual Wolf-Rayet stars in crowded fields, such as those in M101, consists of subtracting a normalized image in both psf and intensity continuum from an image obtained with a narrowband filter centered on the He II $\lambda4686$ line. This technique has been successfully used on images of nearby giant H II regions (Drissen, Moffat, \& Shara 1993a). WFPC2 F469N (He II $\lambda4686$; 3 x 2000 s) images of NGC 2403 were also successfully used to detect the signature of Wolf-Rayet stars. Two orbits that are NOT CVZ (with $\sim5000$ sec of total exposure time) permit us to image with S/N = 10, to m(469)=26.0 (the WFC3 ETC suggests that the HeII emission line is easily detected for the range of line strengths seen in WR stars at this exposure time) as effectively in M101 as we did to m(469) = 24.5 in NGC 2403; i.e. we will go $\sim 1.5$ magnitudes deeper with WFC3 in the same exposure time as with WFPC2, thus making up for the 4x greater distance to M101 than to NGC 2403. CVZ orbits will be a plus, but not essential for success. We note here that the systemic redshift of M101 (+372 km/s) shifts the center of the He II $\lambda4686$ line to $\sim4692$ \AA. This has virtually no effect on the detectability of WR stars in this galaxy, since the F469N filter transmission curve is fairly flat from 4680 to 4710 \AA (centered at 4693 \AA). This technique works well for individual WR stars with equivalent widths We(4686) $\ge 10 -15$ \AA, and even for dense, unresolved clusters that include a very small fraction of WR stars. We will center WFC3 mostly on fields that already have deep continuum ACS images (F435W and F555W, or F555W and F814W, as shown in Figure 1 in Barmby et al 2006). A few images farther out (to reach a galacto-centric distance of 40 Kpc) will be coincident with archival HST WFPC2 continuum fields. Thus only the narrowband F469N imagery is required for this proposal. Eighteen fields (2 orbits with F469N on each field) will cover 80\% of the active star-forming surface area of M101 with spatially dense measurements of the WR/RSG ratio at all radial distances of 0-20 kpc, and sparser measurements out to 40kpc. Red supergiant candidates will be detected in a (V, B-V) color-magnitude diagram of the region studied (see Figure 3 of Drissen et al 1999); they are the stars at B-V $\sim2$ and V$<23$. (We note that color alone is useless for finding WR stars.) In addition, it is very informative to use a technique to discover RSG similar to that employed to detect WR stars: by subtracting a scaled B image from a V image, most stars disappear, but the reddest ones stand out. This is particularly useful in the most crowded areas. Fortunately all of these images already exist in the HST archives. Finally, we note that 8m telescopes + Multi-Object-Spectrographs are providing spectral confirmation of the presence of WR stars in galaxies at distances equal to M101 (e.g. Crowther et al 2004 for M83). We will apply for Gemini time to spectrographically follow-up on the clusters richest in WR stars that we identify. RESOLVED STELLAR POPULATIONS 12 false 0.0 0.0 false false false false true false SUPPORTED GALAXY SPIRAL SPIRAL ARM J2000 14 03 13.0000 +54 21 0.00 J2000 GALAXY SPIRAL SPIRAL ARM J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 GALAXY SPIRAL SPIRAL ARM J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 GALAXY SPIRAL SPIRAL ARM J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 GALAXY SPIRAL SPIRAL ARM J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 GALAXY SPIRAL SPIRAL ARM J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 GALAXY SPIRAL SPIRAL ARM J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 GALAXY SPIRAL SPIRAL ARM J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 GALAXY SPIRAL SPIRAL ARM J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 GALAXY SPIRAL SPIRAL ARM J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 GALAXY SPIRAL SPIRAL ARM J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 GALAXY SPIRAL SPIRAL ARM J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 GALAXY SPIRAL SPIRAL ARM J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 GALAXY SPIRAL SPIRAL ARM J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 GALAXY SPIRAL SPIRAL ARM J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 GALAXY SPIRAL SPIRAL ARM J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 GALAXY SPIRAL SPIRAL ARM J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 GALAXY SPIRAL SPIRAL ARM J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F469N POS-TARG DITHER 0.173 LINE 0.112 false false 81.785 4 23.884 WFC3-UVIS-DITHER-BOX 1

false

The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. 1270747752000 206.0 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "01" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20080624" :date "08-Jul-2008 11:10:43.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 2 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 1154976 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "01" :obset-id "01" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "01" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 3120 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "01" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 195 :si-vis-utilization 3258 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 670 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) false 2 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. 1270464236000 206.0 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "02" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20080624" :date "08-Jul-2008 11:10:44.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 2 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 1154976 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "02" :obset-id "02" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "02" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 3120 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "02" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 195 :si-vis-utilization 3258 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 670 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) false 2 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. 1270435628000 206.0 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "03" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20080624" :date "08-Jul-2008 11:10:44.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 2 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 1154976 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "03" :obset-id "03" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "03" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 3120 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "03" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 195 :si-vis-utilization 3258 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 670 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) false 2 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. 1270333538000 213.11770292261087 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "04" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20080624" :date "08-Jul-2008 11:10:45.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 2 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 1154976 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "04" :obset-id "04" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "04" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 3120 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "04" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 195 :si-vis-utilization 3258 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 670 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) false 2 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. 1270971403000 201.0 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "05" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20080624" :date "08-Jul-2008 11:10:46.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 2 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 1154976 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "05" :obset-id "05" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "05" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 3120 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "05" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 195 :si-vis-utilization 3258 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 670 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 2 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. 1270838169000 201.0 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "06" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20080624" :date "08-Jul-2008 11:10:46.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 2 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 1154976 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "06" :obset-id "06" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "06" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 3120 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "06" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 195 :si-vis-utilization 3258 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 670 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) false 2 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. 1270475774000 206.0 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "07" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20080624" :date "08-Jul-2008 11:10:47.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 2 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 1154976 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "07" :obset-id "07" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "07" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 3120 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "07" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 195 :si-vis-utilization 3258 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 670 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 2 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. 1270546194000 206.0 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "08" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20080624" :date "08-Jul-2008 11:10:48.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 2 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 1154976 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "08" :obset-id "08" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "08" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 3120 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "08" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 195 :si-vis-utilization 3258 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 670 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 2 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. 1270498776000 201.0 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "09" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20080624" :date "08-Jul-2008 11:10:49.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 2 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 1154976 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "09" :obset-id "09" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "09" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 3120 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "09" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 195 :si-vis-utilization 3258 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 670 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) false 2 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. 1270614078000 201.0 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "10" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20080624" :date "08-Jul-2008 11:10:49.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 2 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 1154976 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "10" :obset-id "10" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "10" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 3120 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "10" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 195 :si-vis-utilization 3258 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 670 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) false 2 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. 1270678691000 201.0 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "11" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20080624" :date "08-Jul-2008 11:10:50.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 2 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 1154976 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "11" :obset-id "11" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "11" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 3120 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "11" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 195 :si-vis-utilization 3258 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 670 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 2 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. 1276247913000 124.0 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "12" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20080624" :date "08-Jul-2008 11:10:51.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 2 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 1154976 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "12" :obset-id "12" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "12" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 3120 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "12" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 195 :si-vis-utilization 3258 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 670 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) false 2 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "13" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20080624" :date "08-Jul-2008 11:10:51.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 2 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 1154976 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "13" :obset-id "13" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "13" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 3120 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "13" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 195 :si-vis-utilization 3258 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 670 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) false 2 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. 1267117830000 229.3971443543424 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "14" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20080624" :date "08-Jul-2008 11:10:52.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 2 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 1154976 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "14" :obset-id "14" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "14" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 3120 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "14" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 195 :si-vis-utilization 3258 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 670 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 2 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. 1270987824000 201.0 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "15" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20080624" :date "08-Jul-2008 11:10:53.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 2 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 1154976 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "15" :obset-id "15" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "15" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 3120 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "15" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 195 :si-vis-utilization 3258 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 670 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) false 2 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. 1270700383000 201.0 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "16" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20080624" :date "08-Jul-2008 11:10:53.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 2 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 1154976 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "16" :obset-id "16" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "16" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 3120 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "16" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 195 :si-vis-utilization 3258 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 670 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 2 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. 1270723100000 201.0 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "17" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20080624" :date "08-Jul-2008 11:10:54.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 2 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 1154976 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "17" :obset-id "17" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "17" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 3120 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "17" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 195 :si-vis-utilization 3258 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 670 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 2 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 17.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. 1270487273000 206.03093800098145 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "18" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20080624" :date "08-Jul-2008 11:10:55.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 2 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 1154976 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "18" :obset-id "18" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "18" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 3120 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 11635 :visit-id "18" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 195 :si-vis-utilization 3258 :al-overhead-at-end 116 :internal-dur-at-end 670 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3453 :pcs-gap 0 ) false 2 0