Resolving the Matter of Massive Quiescent Galaxies at z=1.5-2

Resolving the Matter of Massive Quiescent Galaxies at z=1.5-2 We and other groups have discovered that galaxies with little or no star formation exist at redshifts beyond 1.5, and that these galaxies are very small for their stellar mass. These galaxies as a class are approximately 5 times smaller than nearby early-type galaxies of the same mass. These results have very significant implications, as they demonstrate that even the most boring galaxies at high redshift, which have no or little starformation, must undergo dramatic structural changes while evolving to low redshift. The results are still uncertain, however, as the stellar masses of these galaxies have been estimated from stellar population models. These masses have unknown errors, mostly due to uncertainties in the stellar initial mass function. The stellar population masses can be tested using dynamical mass estimators. We have taken high signal-to-noise deep spectra of quiescent galaxies at z ~1.5 - 2 using X-Shooter and LRIS on Keck. The spectra are exquisite and allow us to measure the velocity dispersions of these galaxies. To convert the dispersion to mass we need to measure accurate sizes of the galaxies. Here we propose to take WFC3 imaging so that we can measure the structural properties of these galaxies and derive their sizes, dynamical masses, and mass-to-light ratios.

This program images 13 targets in the WFC3 H band. The targeted distant galaxies have extremely deep ground-based spectra from Keck and VLT. There are no ORIENT or other scheduling constraints. 4 dithered exposures are obtained for each target, in a single orbit (and a single visit). For 9 targets there is a single object of interest. For these targets we use IR as the pointing center and the standard small dither pattern to optimally sample the PSF. For 4 targets (targets #7,8,10, and 14) there are 2 or 3 galaxies of interest in the WFC3 field. For these visits we use IR-FIX as the pointing center and a slightly larger dither pattern, so we can remove image defects regardless of the ORIENT. We verified that no galaxies will land on the "dead spot", for any ORIENT. We swapped one target wrt the phase I proposal. The new target (C17637, target #9) is similar in terms of redshift, mass, etc to all the other targets and to the target that was removed. It was swapped in because the spectrum we have for it has higher quality than the galaxy that was in the phase I proposal; this was an error on our part in the proposal. 12 false 0.0 0.0 false false false false false false SUPPORTED GALAXY HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXY J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 GALAXY HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXY J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 GALAXY HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXY J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 GALAXY HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXY J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 GALAXY HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXY J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 GALAXY HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXY J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 GALAXY HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXY J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 GALAXY HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXY J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 GALAXY HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXY J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 GALAXY HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXY J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 GALAXY HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXY J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 GALAXY HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXY J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 GALAXY HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXY J2000 00 00 0.0000 +00 00 0.00 J2000 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 18.3.1. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "01" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20100505" :date "06-Jul-2010 04:54:19.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "30" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 591888 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "01" :obset-id "01" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "01" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2840 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 730 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 18.3.1. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "02" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20100505" :date "06-Jul-2010 04:54:20.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "30" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 591888 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "02" :obset-id "02" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "02" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2840 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 730 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 18.3.1. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "03" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20100505" :date "06-Jul-2010 04:54:21.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "30" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 591888 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "03" :obset-id "03" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "03" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2840 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 730 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 18.3.1. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "04" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20100505" :date "06-Jul-2010 04:54:22.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "30" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 591888 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "04" :obset-id "04" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "04" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2840 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 730 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3242 :pcs-gap 0 ) false 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 18.3.1. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "05" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20100505" :date "06-Jul-2010 04:54:23.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "30" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 591888 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "05" :obset-id "05" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "05" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2840 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 730 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 18.3.1. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "06" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20100505" :date "06-Jul-2010 04:54:24.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "30" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 591888 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "06" :obset-id "06" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "06" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2842 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 730 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 18.3.1. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "07" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20100505" :date "06-Jul-2010 04:54:25.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "30" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 591888 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "07" :obset-id "07" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "07" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2842 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 730 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 18.3.1. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "08" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20100505" :date "06-Jul-2010 04:54:26.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "30" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 591888 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "08" :obset-id "08" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "08" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2840 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 730 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3234 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 18.3.1. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "09" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20100505" :date "06-Jul-2010 04:54:27.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "30" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 626720 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "09" :obset-id "09" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "09" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 3042 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 350 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3445 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 18.3.1. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "10" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20100505" :date "06-Jul-2010 04:54:29.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "30" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 626720 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "10" :obset-id "10" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "10" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 3040 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 350 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3445 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 18.3.1. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "11" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20100505" :date "06-Jul-2010 04:54:30.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "30" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 626720 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "11" :obset-id "11" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "11" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 3040 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 350 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3445 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 18.3.1. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "12" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20100505" :date "06-Jul-2010 04:54:31.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "30" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 591888 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "12" :obset-id "12" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "12" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2842 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 730 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3242 :pcs-gap 0 ) false 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 18.3.1. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "13" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20100505" :date "06-Jul-2010 04:54:32.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "30" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 591888 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "13" :obset-id "13" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 12167 :visit-id "13" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2840 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 730 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3242 :pcs-gap 0 ) false 1 0