Venus observed as an extrasolar planet
In a relatively near future, numerous transiting extrasolar planets will be discovered (gaseous giant planets, Earth-size planets and temperate Uranus in the form of "Ocean-planets"). Space telescopes operating in the UV-optical-IR will allow the study of their atmospheres. We have to show if and how these observations will give access to the detection of atmospheric species, particularly when telluric planets will be observed, to demonstrate that life may be possible on one of them. For that purpose, we propose to use the unique event of the century, the Venus transit in 2012 (next Venus transits are in 2117 and 2125!), to demonstrate the feasibility of these observations and show precisely what a Venus-like planet will look-like.
To observe the Venus transit with similar conditions as extrasolar planets (no spatial resolution), we propose to observe the solar light reflected on the Moon during the Venus transit on June 5-6 2012, lasting about 7h 40mn, i.e. about 4 HST orbits. A total of 5 HST orbits will allow us to obtain high S/N transit spectra and reference spectra to reveal the detectable atmospheric species with current space instrumentations.
Similarly, in a companion proposal, we propose to observe the Earth transit on the Moon through the reflected light during a total Moon eclipse to directly compare the observed atmospheric signatures of Earth-like and Venus-like extrasolar planets.
Moon observations.
EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETS
12
false
0.0
0.0
false
false
false
false
AVAILABLE
UNIDENTIFIED
UNDESIGNATED
A pointing 10.2 degrees from the Moon
J2000
UNIDENTIFIED
UNDESIGNATED
A pointing 10 degrees from the Moon
J2000
UNIDENTIFIED
UNDESIGNATED
A pointing 10 degrees from the Moon
J2000
SOLAR SYSTEM
OFFSET
a star to ACQ at 9 to 10° from the moon
STD=EARTH
STD=MOON
TYPE=POS_ANGLE,RAD=36000,ANG=90,REF=NORTH
EARTH
SOLAR SYSTEM
Moon test orbit: 2012 January 11th 00:00 to 08:00UT
Lunar target: Hipparchus-C crater: 8.2 East, 7.3 South
The E8.2 longitude has been translated into -8.2 in APT.
FEATURE
Moon Hipparchus-C crater
STD=EARTH
STD=MOON
TYPE=PGRAPHIC,LONG=-8.2,LAT=-7.3
HUBBLE
SOLAR SYSTEM
Moon test orbit: 2012 January 11th 00:00 to 08:00UT
Lunar target: Dollond-E crater: 15.7 East, 10.2 South
The E15.7 longitude has been translated into -15.7 in APT.
FEATURE
Moon Dollond-E crater
STD=EARTH
STD=MOON
TYPE=PGRAPHIC,LONG=-15.7,LAT=-10.2
HUBBLE
SOLAR SYSTEM
OFFSET
a star to ACQ at 9 to 10° from the moon
STD=EARTH
STD=MOON
TYPE=POS_ANGLE,RAD=36000,ANG=91,REF=NORTH
EARTH
STIS/CCD
Spectroscopic
No
No
G430L
4300
STIS/CCD
Spectroscopic
No
No
G750L
7751
STIS/CCD
Spectroscopic
No
No
G750M
6094
STIS/CCD
Spectroscopic
No
No
G750M
7795
WFC3/UVIS
Imaging
No
No
F200LP
ACS/WFC
Imaging
No
No
F892N
COS/NUV
Spectroscopic
No
No
G230L
2635
Using ephemeris for target 12537-01-OFFSET-GUIDE-STAR
Using ephemeris for target 12537-01-MOON-HIPPARCHUS-C
Using ephemeris for target 12537-01-MOON
Using ephemeris for target 12537-01-MOON-DOLLOND-E
ephemeris data for target 12537-01-MOON-DOLLOND-E does not cover planning interval. Physical constraints are assumed to be unschedulable outside of the ephemeris data. Planning interval: 11.213 to 13.091. ephemeris interval: 12.010 to 12.011
Timing link suitability includes constraints ([02 After 01])
The scheduling data was generated by CASM 19.3.
CASM was run in Phase II mode.
Guide star acquisition at pointing offset from the Moon.
1326251623000
283.8318422413229
(Tic-Visit
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "10"
:proposal-version -1
:trans-version "20110509"
:date "14-Dec-2011 18:30:52.0"
:trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0
:FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0)
:number-of-orbits 1
:saa-model "11"
:si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0
:data-volume 0
:tdrss-contact-duration 0
:coron NIL
)
(Tic-Obset
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "10"
:obset-id "10"
:pcs-mode "FGS"
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "10"
:orbit-number 1
:pcs-time 333
:si-vis-utilization 1
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 0
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3234
:pcs-gap 0
)
false
1
0
Test orbit at a similar Moon phase on 11 January 2012 as during the transit of Venus
1326252589000
299.0
(Tic-Visit
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "11"
:proposal-version -1
:trans-version "20110509"
:date "14-Dec-2011 18:37:06.0"
:trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0
:FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0)
:number-of-orbits 1
:saa-model "29"
:si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0
:data-volume 1307216
:tdrss-contact-duration 0
:coron NIL
)
(Tic-Obset
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "11"
:obset-id "11"
:pcs-mode "GYRO"
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "11"
:orbit-number 1
:pcs-time 3
:si-vis-utilization 2082
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 1862
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 2160.0
:pcs-gap 0
)
false
1
0
Guide star acquisition at pointing offset from the Moon.
1326257370000
296.4060285109523
(Tic-Visit
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "12"
:proposal-version -1
:trans-version "20110509"
:date "14-Dec-2011 18:30:40.0"
:trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0
:FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0)
:number-of-orbits 1
:saa-model "11"
:si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0
:data-volume 0
:tdrss-contact-duration 0
:coron NIL
)
(Tic-Obset
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "12"
:obset-id "12"
:pcs-mode "FGS"
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "12"
:orbit-number 1
:pcs-time 333
:si-vis-utilization 1
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 0
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3234
:pcs-gap 0
)
false
1
0
Test orbit at a similar Moon phase on 11 January 2012 as during the transit of Venus
1326258224000
292.0
(Tic-Visit
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "13"
:proposal-version -1
:trans-version "20110509"
:date "14-Dec-2011 18:37:51.0"
:trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0
:FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0)
:number-of-orbits 1
:saa-model "29"
:si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0
:data-volume 1307216
:tdrss-contact-duration 0
:coron NIL
)
(Tic-Obset
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "13"
:obset-id "13"
:pcs-mode "GYRO"
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "13"
:orbit-number 1
:pcs-time 3
:si-vis-utilization 2082
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 1862
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 2160.0
:pcs-gap 0
)
false
1
0
Timing link suitability includes constraints ([02 After 01] [03 After 02])
Same orient constraint links visits (02 03 04)
The scheduling data was generated by CASM 19.3.
CASM was run in Phase II mode.
Guide star acquisition at pointing that is offset from the Moon.
(Tic-Visit
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "20"
:proposal-version -1
:trans-version "20120312"
:date "24-May-2012 15:10:18.0"
:trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0
:FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0)
:number-of-orbits 1
:saa-model "11"
:si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0
:data-volume 0
:tdrss-contact-duration 0
:coron NIL
)
(Tic-Obset
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "20"
:obset-id "20"
:pcs-mode "FGS"
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "20"
:orbit-number 1
:pcs-time 333
:si-vis-utilization 1
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 0
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3249
:pcs-gap 0
)
true
1
0
3 pre-transit orbits on 6 June 2012
(Tic-Visit
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "21"
:proposal-version -1
:trans-version "20120312"
:date "24-May-2012 15:16:20.0"
:trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0
:FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0)
:number-of-orbits 4
:saa-model "29"
:si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0
:data-volume 5780848
:tdrss-contact-duration 0
:coron NIL
)
(Tic-Obset
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "21"
:obset-id "21"
:pcs-mode "GYRO"
)
(Tic-Obset
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "21"
:obset-id "A1"
:pcs-mode "GYRO"
)
(Tic-Obset
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "21"
:obset-id "B1"
:pcs-mode "GYRO"
)
(Tic-Obset
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "21"
:obset-id "C1"
:pcs-mode "GYRO"
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "21"
:orbit-number 1
:pcs-time 3
:si-vis-utilization 1090
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 1458
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3234
:pcs-gap 0
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "21"
:orbit-number 2
:pcs-time 3
:si-vis-utilization 2919
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 1603
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3234
:pcs-gap 0
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "21"
:orbit-number 3
:pcs-time 3
:si-vis-utilization 2721
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 1438
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3234
:pcs-gap 0
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "21"
:orbit-number 4
:pcs-time 3
:si-vis-utilization 2644
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 1741
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3234
:pcs-gap 0
)
false
4
0
Guide star acquisition at pointing that is offset from the Moon.
(Tic-Visit
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "25"
:proposal-version -1
:trans-version "20120312"
:date "24-May-2012 15:10:48.0"
:trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0
:FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0)
:number-of-orbits 1
:saa-model "11"
:si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0
:data-volume 0
:tdrss-contact-duration 0
:coron NIL
)
(Tic-Obset
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "25"
:obset-id "25"
:pcs-mode "FGS"
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "25"
:orbit-number 1
:pcs-time 333
:si-vis-utilization 1200
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 0
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3249
:pcs-gap 0
)
true
1
0
Need 20 minutes under FGS guidance in order to obtain a gyro bias update.
Timing link suitability includes constraints ([03 After 02] [04 After 03])
Same orient constraint links visits (02 03 04)
The scheduling data was generated by CASM 19.3.
CASM was run in Phase II mode.
4 in-transit orbits
(Tic-Visit
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "30"
:proposal-version -1
:trans-version "20120312"
:date "24-May-2012 15:16:42.0"
:trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0
:FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0)
:number-of-orbits 5
:saa-model "28"
:si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0
:data-volume 7584912
:tdrss-contact-duration 0
:coron NIL
)
(Tic-Obset
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "30"
:obset-id "30"
:pcs-mode "GYRO"
)
(Tic-Obset
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "30"
:obset-id "A0"
:pcs-mode "GYRO"
)
(Tic-Obset
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "30"
:obset-id "B0"
:pcs-mode "GYRO"
)
(Tic-Obset
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "30"
:obset-id "C0"
:pcs-mode "GYRO"
)
(Tic-Obset
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "30"
:obset-id "D0"
:pcs-mode "GYRO"
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "30"
:orbit-number 1
:pcs-time 3
:si-vis-utilization 2127
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 1478
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3234
:pcs-gap 0
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "30"
:orbit-number 2
:pcs-time 3
:si-vis-utilization 1830
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 1584
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3234
:pcs-gap 0
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "30"
:orbit-number 3
:pcs-time 3
:si-vis-utilization 3173
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 1399
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3234
:pcs-gap 0
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "30"
:orbit-number 4
:pcs-time 3
:si-vis-utilization 3164
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 1741
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3234
:pcs-gap 0
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "30"
:orbit-number 5
:pcs-time 3
:si-vis-utilization 3173
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 1399
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3234
:pcs-gap 0
)
false
5
0
Timing link suitability includes constraints ([04 After 03])
Same orient constraint links visits (02 03 04)
The scheduling data was generated by CASM 19.3.
CASM was run in Phase II mode.
3 post-transit orbits
(Tic-Visit
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "40"
:proposal-version -1
:trans-version "20120312"
:date "24-May-2012 15:17:01.0"
:trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0
:FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0)
:number-of-orbits 3
:saa-model "28"
:si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0
:data-volume 4970528
:tdrss-contact-duration 0
:coron NIL
)
(Tic-Obset
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "40"
:obset-id "40"
:pcs-mode "GYRO"
)
(Tic-Obset
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "40"
:obset-id "E0"
:pcs-mode "GYRO"
)
(Tic-Obset
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "40"
:obset-id "F0"
:pcs-mode "GYRO"
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "40"
:orbit-number 1
:pcs-time 3
:si-vis-utilization 3164
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 1741
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3234
:pcs-gap 0
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "40"
:orbit-number 2
:pcs-time 3
:si-vis-utilization 3173
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 1399
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3234
:pcs-gap 0
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "40"
:orbit-number 3
:pcs-time 3
:si-vis-utilization 3164
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 1741
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3234
:pcs-gap 0
)
false
3
0
Guide star acquisition at pointing that is offset from the Moon.
(Tic-Visit
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "43"
:proposal-version -1
:trans-version "20120312"
:date "24-May-2012 15:11:55.0"
:trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0
:FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0)
:number-of-orbits 1
:saa-model "11"
:si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0
:data-volume 0
:tdrss-contact-duration 0
:coron NIL
)
(Tic-Obset
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "43"
:obset-id "43"
:pcs-mode "FGS"
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "43"
:orbit-number 1
:pcs-time 333
:si-vis-utilization 1200
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 0
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3249
:pcs-gap 0
)
true
1
0
Visits 43 and 45 are contingency alternatives to visit 40 to be used only in the event of problematic performance by HST's gyro #4.
Need 20 minutes under FGS guidance in order to obtain a gyro bias update.
3 post-transit orbits.
(Tic-Visit
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "45"
:proposal-version -1
:trans-version "20120312"
:date "24-May-2012 15:17:12.0"
:trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0
:FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0)
:number-of-orbits 2
:saa-model "28"
:si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0
:data-volume 3276880
:tdrss-contact-duration 0
:coron NIL
)
(Tic-Obset
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "45"
:obset-id "45"
:pcs-mode "GYRO"
)
(Tic-Obset
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "45"
:obset-id "A5"
:pcs-mode "GYRO"
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "45"
:orbit-number 1
:pcs-time 3
:si-vis-utilization 3164
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 1741
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3234
:pcs-gap 0
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 12537
:visit-id "45"
:orbit-number 2
:pcs-time 3
:si-vis-utilization 3173
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 1399
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3234
:pcs-gap 0
)
false
2
0
Visits 43 and 45 are contingency alternatives to visit 40 to be used only in the event of problematic performance by HST's gyro #4.