Is the First Epoch of Star Formation in Satellite Galaxies Universal?: M31 vs. Milky Way dSphs
We propose to derive detailed star formation and chemical enrichment histories of a representative sample of M31 dwarf spheroidal (dSph) companions in order to compare directly the timing, duration, and strength of their first episodes of star formation to those of the Milky Way satellites. Compared to the MW companion dSphs, the M31 companion dSphs have significantly different horizontal branch morphologies and a different range in structural parameters. We hypothesize that these differences are due to differences in the evolutionary histories of their host galaxies. Only the proposed deep HST imaging will allow us to accurately measure the early star formation histories of the Andromeda companions and thus to test our hypothesis. Fundamentally, we will be testing the assumption that the early evolution of the Milky Way satellites was typical and therefore representative of dSphs in general. The M31 dSphs are the only galaxies for which these observations are possible. Here, in phase I of this project, we propose observations for 2 of the 7 galaxies in our representative sample.
The goal of this proposal is to obtain deep (V~28) color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) in two dSph galaxies satellites of M31: And II (17 orbits) and And XVI (13 orbits)
Most visits to each object span 2-orbits, and in each orbit, one F475W and one F814W exposure (with no CR-splits) are obtained with the ACS. Small ditherings are performed between exposures in order to remove hot pixels and to smooth the detector response. We don't intend to cover the interchip gap. Ditherings are performed using POS-TARG, and following the basic UDF dither pattern, shifted around by 2-3 pix. The images in the same visit are kept with the same POS TARG in order to have at least two images in the same position, which is supposed to help in the CR removal. Coordinated parallel exposures with WFPC3 are requested in F475W and F814W filters. The purpose of these are to obtain CMDs in a field in the outskirsts of each galaxy.
The first visit to each object is requested within a given range of orientations. This range has been chosen to avoid bright stars in the main and the parallel field, to place the parallel field in an interesting position in the outer part of each galaxy, and to ensure that the observations are performed in low sky periods. Subsequent visits to each object are requested to be obtained with the same ORIENT as the first visit, to maximize the sky area covered at full depth both in the prime and the parallel fields.
Note that we requested low-sky for all targets on Phase I, and we drop this requirement here for these low-declination targets because we estimated that the increased background caused by BE limb angles between 20 and 40 degrees is negligible. But we do need low-zodiacal background for these targets. We impose that through the ORIENT requirements.
We request the visits to the same object to be executed sequentially with intervals of 2-4 hours between visits, and grouped within a maximum time span of 3 days. This will ensure optimal sampling of the light curves of short period variable stars such as RR Lyrae, which are expected to be numerous in the two galaxies.
RESOLVED STELLAR POPULATIONS
12
false
false
0.0
0.0
false
false
false
SUPPORTED
GALAXY
DWARF SPHEROIDAL
J2000
J2000
GALAXY
DWARF SPHEROIDAL
J2000
J2000
ACS/WFC
Imaging
No
No
F475W
ACS/WFC
Imaging
No
No
F814W
WFC3/UVIS
Imaging
No
No
F475W
WFC3/UVIS
Imaging
No
No
F600LP
ACS/WFC
Imaging
No
No
F475W
ACS/WFC
Imaging
No
No
F814W
WFC3/UVIS
Imaging
No
No
F475W
WFC3/UVIS
Imaging
No
No
F600LP
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:pcs-visibility 2997
:pcs-gap 0
)
true
2
0
Timing link suitability includes constraints ([Sequence (09 10 11 12 13 14) within 3.0 days] [13 After 12 by 0.1 to 0.2 days] [14 After 13 by 0.1 to 0.2 days])
Same orient constraint links visits (09 10 11 12 13 14)
The scheduling data was generated by CASM 20.2.
CASM was run in Phase II mode.
(Tic-Visit
:proposal-id 13028
:visit-id "13"
:proposal-version -1
:trans-version "20120615"
:date "09-Jul-2012 20:05:18.0"
:trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0
:FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0)
:number-of-orbits 2
:saa-model "29"
:si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0
:data-volume 2291872
:tdrss-contact-duration 0
:coron NIL
)
(Tic-Obset
:proposal-id 13028
:visit-id "13"
:obset-id "13"
:pcs-mode "FGS"
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 13028
:visit-id "13"
:orbit-number 1
:pcs-time 333
:si-vis-utilization 2664
:al-overhead-at-end 116
:internal-dur-at-end 0
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 2997
:pcs-gap 0
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 13028
:visit-id "13"
:orbit-number 2
:pcs-time 222
:si-vis-utilization 2775
:al-overhead-at-end 116
:internal-dur-at-end 1015
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 2997
:pcs-gap 0
)
true
2
0
Timing link suitability includes constraints ([Sequence (09 10 11 12 13 14) within 3.0 days] [14 After 13 by 0.1 to 0.2 days])
Same orient constraint links visits (09 10 11 12 13 14)
The scheduling data was generated by CASM 20.2.
CASM was run in Phase II mode.
(Tic-Visit
:proposal-id 13028
:visit-id "14"
:proposal-version -1
:trans-version "20120615"
:date "09-Jul-2012 20:05:21.0"
:trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0
:FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0)
:number-of-orbits 3
:saa-model "29"
:si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0
:data-volume 3437808
:tdrss-contact-duration 0
:coron NIL
)
(Tic-Obset
:proposal-id 13028
:visit-id "14"
:obset-id "14"
:pcs-mode "FGS"
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 13028
:visit-id "14"
:orbit-number 1
:pcs-time 333
:si-vis-utilization 2664
:al-overhead-at-end 116
:internal-dur-at-end 0
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 2997
:pcs-gap 0
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 13028
:visit-id "14"
:orbit-number 2
:pcs-time 222
:si-vis-utilization 2775
:al-overhead-at-end 116
:internal-dur-at-end 0
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 2997
:pcs-gap 0
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 13028
:visit-id "14"
:orbit-number 3
:pcs-time 222
:si-vis-utilization 2775
:al-overhead-at-end 111
:internal-dur-at-end 1015
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 2997
:pcs-gap 0
)
true
3
0