A Time-Lapse Movie of the Kinematics Across the Carina Nebula with ACS
In HST cycles 13 and 14, we conducted an ACS H-alpha imaging survey of the Carina Nebula that covered 540 square arcminutes, concentrating on the two 2-3 Myr old central massive star clusters and several surrounding regions with propagating massive star formation. Now we aim to duplicate our previous program with the same filter and instrument in order to measure proper motions over a 9-10 year time baseline. These observations have two chief goals: (1) We will measure proper motions of the 40 jets discovered in our previous survey (anything moving faster than the sound speed in ionized gas), in order to measure their ages and transverse velocities, plus motions of a number of prominent shock structures. Combining the proper motions with spectra will reveal their true 3D kinematics and mass-loss histories. (2) We will measure the proper motions of all stellar point sources with luminosities above roughly 1 Msun and transverse motion faster than about 3 km/s. Combining this with ground-based spectra (mostly for O, B, and A stars) will provide a 3D kinematic map of the stars over a range of initial masses. This will easily identify any runaway massive stars, but will also track the slower collective motion of sub-clusters. Because Carina is at only 2.3 kpc, this will yield the most complete census of global stellar kinematics in a massive OB association - in one which is caught at such a young age that the "cluster of clusters" still bears the kinematic imprint of propagating star formation. The detailed kinematics will allow the first definitive test of whether the distributed generations of stars were actually triggered by the feedback from the central clusters.
These ACS/WFC primary exposures in the F658N filter are meant to duplicate, as closely as possible, previous observations made in Cycles 6 and 7 for the goal of measuring proper motions of both stars and nebular features. WFC3 parallel exposures (very limited because of buffer dumps aim to extend the coverage in the F656N filter, or to use WFC3-IR where it overlaps with an ACS/WFC primary pointing. The roll angles are very tightly contrained in order to match as closely as possible the previous observations.
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