The First Detections of Phosphorus, Sulphur, and Zinc in a Bona-Fide Second-Generation Star

0 Assigned ID: 197 ----- Attempting Submission 1 (Thu Apr 09 14:25:25 GMT 2015) ----- HST Phase I Proposal 197 (bdp44-GO.apt) successfully submitted. Receipt: # 197-1 0 ----- Attempting Submission 1 (Mon Jul 06 14:39:35 GMT 2015) ----- HST Phase II Proposal 14231 (bdp44-phase2.apt) successfully submitted. Receipt: # 14231-1 ----- Attempting Submission 2 (Fri Oct 09 17:24:59 GMT 2015) ----- The First Detections of Phosphorus, Sulphur, and Zinc in a Bona-Fide Second-Generation Star We propose to obtain new NUV COS spectra of the bright carbon-enhanced metal-poor star BD+44 493. This extremely low-metallicity ([Fe/H] = -3.8) star exhibits the chemical signature expected for a second-generation star that formed from the metals produced by a single zero-metallicity Population III star. Our group has previously studied the detailed abundance pattern of this star from NUV and optical spectra (2300-9350 Angstroms). Now we propose to obtain new high-resolution spectra of this star extending to 1800 Angstroms. These observations would allow us to detect three elements that have not been studied previously in BD+44 493, or any other CEMP star with [Fe/H] < -4: phosphorus, sulphur, and zinc. Our proposed observations will constrain the abundances of these elements, and test the predictions of models for at least one of the likely zero-metallicity supernova progenitors that may have existed in the early Universe. The goal of this program is to obtain high-resolution COS spectra of the late-G-type star BD+44 493. Three grating positions will be used: G185M, center=1913A: target S/N ~ 20/1 at 1821 Angstroms after all co-adds (12 orbits) G185M, center=1971A: target S/N ~ 40/1 at 2065 Angstroms after all co-adds (3 orbits) G225M, center=2233A: target S/N ~ 40/1 at 2130 Angstroms after all co-adds (3 orbits). I have verified the target confirmation chart for this star. -- IUR, 06 July 2015 COOL STARS 12 false true false false SUPPORTED STAR G III-I HALO POPULATION II NO This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. Coords from UCAC4 (via Vizier). PM from UCAC4 (via Vizier). Parallax from Hipparcos re-reduction (via Vizier). J2000 J2000 E(B-V) = 0.042 (low!) COS/NUV Spectroscopic No No G185M 1913 COS/NUV Spectroscopic No No G185M 1913 COS/NUV Spectroscopic No No G185M 1971 COS/NUV Spectroscopic No No G225M 2233 /private/var/folders/ly/dz_8k_s14_qbfx0j25d8qbjc0000gn/T/OPVisit8368380001875369830.xml 1444411312897 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 23.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14231 :visit-id "01" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20150609" :date "09-Oct-2015 13:21:52.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 3 :saa-model "32" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 635040 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14231 :visit-id "01" :obset-id "01" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14231 :visit-id "01" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2974 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 57 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3307 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14231 :visit-id "01" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3084 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 67 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3307 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14231 :visit-id "01" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3085 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 398 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3307 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 3 0 Using the acquisition sequence #3 given in Table 8.1. (BD+44 493 is too bright for either Mirror.) Exposure time is ETC value (COS.sa.746429), rounded up. Using Scan-size=2 since coordinates are good. Revised 2015oct09 by IUR according to recommendations given by P. Sonnentrucker. Exposure time is ETC value for stripe B, rounded up. Revised 2015oct09 by IUR using recommendations provided by P. Sonnentrucker. Exposure time is ETC, rounded up. Optional parameters set by recommended defaults in Section 8.6. Updated grating wavelength on 2015oct09 by IUR using recommendations provided by P. Sonnentrucker. Buffer time is 2/3 of ETC value (which is computed based on the full time required to reach S/N goal). FP-POS is 1 on first orbit of visit, 2 and 3 on second orbit of visit, and 4 on third orbit of visit. (There are a total of three orbits given to this particular grating/wavelength setup of this star.) See Section 5.8.2. 1444411318860 /private/var/folders/ly/dz_8k_s14_qbfx0j25d8qbjc0000gn/T/OPVisit4299902322471230809.xml The scheduling data was generated by CASM 23.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14231 :visit-id "02" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20150609" :date "09-Oct-2015 13:21:58.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 3 :saa-model "32" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 452368 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14231 :visit-id "02" :obset-id "02" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14231 :visit-id "02" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2974 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 86 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3307 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14231 :visit-id "02" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3085 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 114 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3307 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14231 :visit-id "02" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3085 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 331 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3307 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 3 0 Exposure time is ETC, rounded up. Grating, central wavelength, and exposure time (COS.sa.746428) updated 2015oct09 by IUR using recommendations from P. Sonnentrucken. Exposure time is ETC value, rounded up. Updated grating, central wavelength, and exposure time (COS.sa.746432) on 2015oct09 by IUR using recommendations from P. Sonnentrucken. Exposure time is ETC value, rounded up. Optional parameters set by recommended defaults in Section 8.6. Updated grating, central wavelength, and exposure time (COS.sa.746428) on 2015oct09 by IUR using recommendations from P. Sonnentrucken. Buffer time is 2/3 of ETC value (which is computed based on the full time required to reach S/N goal). FP-POS is 1 on first orbit of visit, 2 and 3 on second orbit of visit, and 4 on third orbit of visit. (There are a total of three orbits given to this particular grating/wavelength setup of this star.) See Section 5.8.2. 1444411323899 /private/var/folders/ly/dz_8k_s14_qbfx0j25d8qbjc0000gn/T/OPVisit2603190776055428561.xml The scheduling data was generated by CASM 23.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14231 :visit-id "03" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20150609" :date "09-Oct-2015 13:22:03.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 3 :saa-model "32" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 408864 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14231 :visit-id "03" :obset-id "03" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14231 :visit-id "03" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2974 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 48 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3307 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14231 :visit-id "03" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3085 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 114 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3307 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14231 :visit-id "03" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3085 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 407 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3307 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 3 0 Exposure time is ETC value, rounded up. Exposure time is ETC value, rounded up. Exposure time is ETC value, rounded up. Optional parameters set by recommended defaults in Section 8.6. Buffer time is 2/3 of ETC value (which is computed based on the full time required to reach S/N goal). FP-POS is 1 on first orbit of visit, 2 and 3 on second orbit of visit, and 4 on third orbit of visit. See Section 5.8.2. 1444411327920 /private/var/folders/ly/dz_8k_s14_qbfx0j25d8qbjc0000gn/T/OPVisit583587519767568190.xml The scheduling data was generated by CASM 23.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14231 :visit-id "04" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20150609" :date "09-Oct-2015 13:22:07.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 3 :saa-model "32" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 408864 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14231 :visit-id "04" :obset-id "04" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14231 :visit-id "04" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2974 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 48 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3307 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14231 :visit-id "04" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3085 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 114 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3307 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14231 :visit-id "04" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3085 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 407 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3307 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 3 0 Exposure time is ETC value, rounded up. Exposure time is ETC value, rounded up. Exposure time is ETC value, rounded up. Optional parameters set by recommended defaults in Section 8.6. Buffer time is 2/3 of ETC value (which is computed based on the full time required to reach S/N goal). FP-POS is 1 on first orbit of visit, 2 and 3 on second orbit of visit, and 4 on third orbit of visit. See Section 5.8.2. 1444411333082 /private/var/folders/ly/dz_8k_s14_qbfx0j25d8qbjc0000gn/T/OPVisit5618049651431726981.xml The scheduling data was generated by CASM 23.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14231 :visit-id "05" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20150609" :date "09-Oct-2015 13:22:12.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 3 :saa-model "32" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 408864 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14231 :visit-id "05" :obset-id "05" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14231 :visit-id "05" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2974 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 48 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3307 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14231 :visit-id "05" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3085 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 114 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3307 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14231 :visit-id "05" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3085 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 407 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3307 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 3 0 Exposure time is ETC value, rounded up. Exposure time is ETC value, rounded up. Exposure time is ETC value, rounded up. Optional parameters set by recommended defaults in Section 8.6. Buffer time is 2/3 of ETC value (which is computed based on the full time required to reach S/N goal). FP-POS is 1 on first orbit of visit, 2 and 3 on second orbit of visit, and 4 on third orbit of visit. See Section 5.8.2. 1444411338212 /private/var/folders/ly/dz_8k_s14_qbfx0j25d8qbjc0000gn/T/OPVisit4956399404337099614.xml The scheduling data was generated by CASM 23.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14231 :visit-id "06" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20150609" :date "09-Oct-2015 13:22:18.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 3 :saa-model "32" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 408864 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14231 :visit-id "06" :obset-id "06" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14231 :visit-id "06" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2974 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 48 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3307 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14231 :visit-id "06" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3085 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 114 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3307 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14231 :visit-id "06" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3085 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 407 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3307 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 3 0 Exposure time is ETC value, rounded up. Exposure time is ETC value, rounded up. Exposure time is ETC value, rounded up. Optional parameters set by recommended defaults in Section 8.6. Buffer time is 2/3 of ETC value (which is computed based on the full time required to reach S/N goal). FP-POS is 1 on first orbit of visit, 2 and 3 on second orbit of visit, and 4 on third orbit of visit. See Section 5.8.2.