Accurate cosmography from gravitational time delays: 2.3% on H0 from deep WFC3 images of lensed quasars

0 Assigned ID: 28 ----- Attempting Submission 1 (Wed Apr 01 09:51:12 GMT 2015) ----- HST Phase I Proposal 28 (TD_cycle23.apt) successfully submitted. Receipt: # 28-1 ----- Attempting Submission 2 (Wed Apr 01 12:56:01 GMT 2015) ----- HST Phase I Proposal 28 (TD_cycle23.apt) successfully submitted. Receipt: # 28-2 ----- Attempting Submission 3 (Fri Apr 10 06:29:11 GMT 2015) ----- Dear Denise, I have implemented flash as recommended by CS and also added CR split in first set of short UVIS exposures as we discussed via e-mail. Thank you for your help! As per discussion with Kailash Sahu, I have added the option blade=A to the short exposures (13s) in visit 5. Regards, Tommaso 1476423207 ----- Attempting Submission 1 (Fri Jul 10 23:26:54 GMT 2015) ----- ----- Attempting Submission 2 (Thu Jul 23 10:59:21 GMT 2015) ----- ----- Attempting Submission 3 (Tue Dec 01 21:34:09 GMT 2015) ----- Accurate cosmography from gravitational time delays: 2.3% on H0 from deep WFC3 images of lensed quasars The combination of precise distance measurements at low redshift (z<1) with cosmic microwave background (CMB) data provides the most powerful constraints on the dark energy equation of state parameter w, spatial curvature, and neutrino physics. Our team has demonstrated that a single gravitational lens can be used to measure time-delay distances to 5% precision and accuracy, i.e. including systematic errors. This requires deep HST images - necessary to measure accurately the gravitational potential of the deflector galaxy - in addition to ground based determinations of the time-delay (from COSMOGRAIL), and the redshift and velocity dispersion of the deflector obtained at Keck and VLT. We propose to take a major step toward a 1% determination of the Hubble constant H0 independent of the local distance ladder and the CMB by imaging 4 carefully selected gravitational lens systems with WFC3. This proposal doubles the number of suitable systems for this analysis thus achieving 2.3% equivalent precision on H0. Combining time-delays with Planck or WMAP9 data yields 0.4% precision on flatness and <0.10 on w, independent of any other probe. As in our previous work, we will analyze each system independently and blindly, thus avoiding confirmation bias, and using the scatter between systems to test for unknown residual systematic uncertainties. In addition to its immediate deliverable result, this proposal will quadruple the number of doubly lensed quasars with deep images of the extended source. With hundreds of doubles to be discovered by upcoming surveys, detailed studies of doubles pave the way for a 1% determination of H0 based only on time-delays. We aim to map the surface brightness distribution of the lensed quasar host galaxy. Based on our experience in previous cycles where we have analyzed both near infrared and optical images of lensed quasars, we have concluded that the most crucial aspect is a good sampling of the stable PSF, provided that sufficiently high signal to noise ratio is available. The presence of structure in the lensed host galaxy, as in the case of RXJ1131 adds valuable information. For each lens we have thus considered the tradeoffs to minimize the request of observing time. This drives our decision to image 3 lenses in the optical (F814W) and one in the near IR (F160W; 1206+4332). For UVIS, we use a four-point dither pattern to eliminate defects and improve the sampling of the PSF. For WFC3 we use an additional sub-pattern to further improve the characterization of the large pixels. In order to fully sample the dynamic range and avoid non linearities at the brightest pixels at the location of the lensed quasars, we will split each orbit into a short-short-long-long exposure sequence, at each of the different dither pattern positions. This can be done with minimal additional overhead as we will dump the buffer during the subsequent long exposure. COSMOLOGY 12 false false false false false false AVAILABLE GALAXY GRAVITATIONAL LENS J2000 J2000 GALAXY GRAVITATIONAL LENS J2000 J2000 GALAXY GRAVITATIONAL LENS J2000 J2000 GALAXY GRAVITATIONAL LENS J2000 J2000 WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F814W WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F814W WFC3/IR Imaging No No F160W WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F814W POS-TARG DITHER DITHER 4 9.132 BOX false 74.653 false 4.740 7.431 2 138.212 POS-TARG LINE 198.528 1

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POS-TARG DITHER 0.173 LINE 0.112 false false 81.785 4 23.884 WFC3-UVIS-DITHER-BOX 2

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