0 Assigned ID: 562 ----- Attempting Submission 1 (Fri Apr 08 16:09:28 GMT 2016) ----- HST Phase I Proposal 562 (coma_udg.apt) successfully submitted. Receipt: # 562-1 ----- Attempting Submission 2 (Fri Apr 08 23:14:11 GMT 2016) ----- 0 ----- Attempting Submission 2 (Thu Jul 21 17:00:24 GMT 2016) ----- ----- Attempting Submission 3 (Sun Aug 14 09:10:44 GMT 2016) ----- Massive Star Clusters and the Origin of Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies Observations of nearby galaxy clusters at low surface brightness have identified galaxies with low luminosities, but sizes as large as the Milky Way. These so-called ``ultra-diffuse galaxies'' (UDGs) mange to survive in dense environments like the Coma cluster despite having very low stellar mass densities, suggesting that they may be extremely dark matter-dominated. While some have suggested that they are ``failed L* galaxies'', others contend that UDGs are consistent with the high spin tail of the dwarf galaxy halo angular momentum distribution. The recent discovery of globular clusters (GCs) in three UDGs has shed light on the nature of UDGs, but also raised new questions. Total mass estimates inferred from GC numbers and kinematics show that these galaxies have very high mass-to-light ratios (M/L>1000), and point to very inefficient star formation. The existence of GCs, however, requires that these galaxies must have at one point had an intense and efficient starburst. This conundrum is amplified by the presence of a nuclear star cluster in two UDGs, but not in others. Further investigating the stellar populations of UDGs, e.g., through integrated spectroscopy, is challenging due to their low surface brightness. Observing their star cluster populations with HST, however, is comparatively easy, and provides key information on the total masses and star formation histories of these newly identified class of galaxy. We propose to use ACS/WFC and WFC3/UVIS to survey 36 Coma cluster UDGs for globular and nuclear star clusters. Our program will be the first systematic search for star clusters in a large sample of ultra-diffuse galaxies. Observational and Technical Requirements. The primary goals of our observing program are to obtain the total number of globular clusters and identify any stellar nuclei across a sample of ultra-diffuse galaxies in the Coma cluster. Our experience from Peng et al. (2011) and Peng & Lim (2016) shows that the single most important factor in being able to discriminate contaminants from bona fide GCs at the distance of the Coma cluster is HST's high spatial resolution and depth. Most background galaxies with the same apparent magnitudes as Coma GCs are point sources from the ground, making them indistinguishable from GCs. HST's spatial resolution, however, eliminates most of this contamination, as GCs are still unresolved point sources, whereas most background galaxies at this depth are resolved by HST. To achieve our goal of measuring the total number of GCs in each UDG, we need to reach the turnover (mean) of the globular cluster luminosity function (GCLF), whose form is roughly a Gaussian distribution. We assume a mean distance to Coma, because unlike for DF17, which had two orbits of exposure time in each of three filters, the depth of our proposed observations will be insufficient to determine the distances to each UDG using the GCLF itself. Even for high-SN galaxies, we expect a relatively small number of GCs in each UDGs, so the uncertainty of total number of GCs may be large for some galaxies (~50%), but by targeting dozens of UDGs, we will be able to reduce the uncertainty in the GC specific frequency for this class of galaxy as a whole. Survey Design. van Dokkum et al. (2015a) provide a catalog of 47 UDGs with Re > 1.5 kpc in the Coma cluster. The lower size limit of their sample was determined by resolution of their Dragonfly camera images. UDGs with 1.5 < Re < 2 kpc, however, are not significantly larger than normal dwarf galaxies (see Figure 3 in Mihos et al. 2015). Therefore, we focus on the largest UDGs, selecting all 36 galaxies with Re > 2 kpc (not including DF17). We will use ACS/WFC with the F606W filter because of its high sensitivity. Although an extra filter would provide color information, we find that most of the power in GC selection can be had with a single filter. There are seven galaxies for which we can use WFC3/UVIS in parallel to observer another UDG in our sample. WFC3/UVIS with F606W is also a good option, as its slightly better spatial sampling of the PSF can help with reducing contamination from background galaxies, although it is less sensitive than ACS/WFC. For this reason, we choose to use ACS/WFC as our primary instrument, and WFC3/UVIS in parallel when there is an appropriate target. Exposure Times and Observing Strategy. The GCLF of a low-mass early-type galaxy has a peak magnitude at MV = -7.3 (Miller & Lotz 2007). Using the color of a typical GC and the transformations from DeGraaff et al. (2007), V-V606 = 0.13. A mean GC at the distance of the Coma cluster (m - M = 35), including a foreground extinction of AV = 0.02 (Schlafly & Finkbeiner 2011), puts the GCLF mean at V606 = 27.6. Given the visibility of Coma (54 min) and overhead constraints for ACS/WFC and WFC3/UVIS with a 2-point artifact dither pattern, we will have 2490s of exposure time with ACS/WFC, and 2538s with WFC3/UVIS. These exposure times allow us to reach the GCLF turnover (using a G0V spectral template and average backgrounds) with an optimal S/N = 11.1 for ACS and 9.8 for UVIS. Given that our main goal is GC detection, these S/N are well-matched to our study. To test the feasibility of our single orbit strategy, we use the archival ACS/WFC F606W images of DF17 which were analyzed in Peng & Lim (2016). We drizzled only 2360 seconds of exposure time in the F606W filter to simulate the observations we would get with our proposed program. When we re-did our analysis with this shallower, single-band data, and compared the results to our deeper, multi-band selection, we obtained results that were consistent within the uncertainties. For the multi-band analysis, we estimated the total number of GCs to be 28+-11 (not including distance uncertainties), and for the shallower, single-band image, we obtained 30+-13. This test validates our strategy of obtaining a single orbit in F606W for each galaxy. Our sample contains 36 Coma UDGs. Two pairs of targets, however, are close enough on the sky to be observed in a single ACS/WFC pointing. Another seven targets can be observed with WFC3/UVIS in parallel with ACS. Because these galaxies are small compared to the WFC and UVIS fields of view, we will not fill the CCD gap, and will center the target on one of the CCDs. Our total request is 27 primary orbits, and 7 parallel orbits. The Need for HST. This is a program that can only be done with HST, because the primary requirement is high spatial resolution. The PSF size at the distance of the Coma cluster is 48 pc, which means that sources smaller than 10 pc are unresolved. So, while GCs are point sources, most of the contaminating background is resolved with HST and can be rejected. At these depths foreground star contamination is not an issue because Galactic dwarf stars would need to be hundreds of kpc away. While some studies can (and will) be done from the ground in more nearby clusters, like Virgo and Fornax, the number of UDGs appears to scale with the mass of the host cluster, and Coma provides nearly an order of magnitude more targets than we might find in the less massive nearby clusters. More massive clusters in which some studies have been performed (e.g, van der Burg 2016; Roman & Trujillo 2016) are too distant for star cluster studies with HST. Observations of the Coma cluster with HST are the sweet spot for star cluster studies in UDGs. Team Expertise and Management Plan. Our team has expertise in all observational and theoretical aspects of this program. Members of our team executed the ACS Virgo and Fornax Cluster Surveys (Cote, Peng, Blakeslee), the definitive HST/ACS surveys of extra- galactic GC systems and nuclear star clusters in the cluster environment. We have also have deep experience working with HST observations of GCs in Coma cluster galaxies (Peng, Blakeslee), the dynamics and masses of low-mass galaxies (Guhathakurta, Peng), HST observations of nearby star cluster systems (Lim), and studies of GC formation in cosmological hydrodynamic simulations (Sales). Peng (the PI) will oversee the project, with Lim and Peng leading the reduction and analysis of the HST imaging, Sales leading the interpretation of the results through use of the Illustris simulation, and Cote, Blakeslee, and Guhathakurta assisting in the scientific interpretation and ground-based follow-up observations. Galaxies Stellar Populations 12 false false false false false false SUPPORTED EXT-CLUSTER GLOBULAR CLUSTER J2000 J2000 EXT-CLUSTER GLOBULAR CLUSTER J2000 J2000 EXT-CLUSTER GLOBULAR CLUSTER J2000 J2000 EXT-CLUSTER GLOBULAR CLUSTER J2000 J2000 EXT-CLUSTER GLOBULAR CLUSTER J2000 J2000 EXT-CLUSTER GLOBULAR CLUSTER J2000 J2000 EXT-CLUSTER GLOBULAR CLUSTER J2000 J2000 EXT-CLUSTER GLOBULAR CLUSTER J2000 J2000 EXT-CLUSTER GLOBULAR CLUSTER J2000 J2000 EXT-CLUSTER GLOBULAR CLUSTER J2000 J2000 EXT-CLUSTER GLOBULAR CLUSTER J2000 J2000 EXT-CLUSTER GLOBULAR CLUSTER J2000 J2000 EXT-CLUSTER GLOBULAR CLUSTER J2000 J2000 EXT-CLUSTER GLOBULAR CLUSTER J2000 J2000 EXT-CLUSTER GLOBULAR CLUSTER J2000 J2000 EXT-CLUSTER GLOBULAR CLUSTER J2000 J2000 EXT-CLUSTER GLOBULAR CLUSTER J2000 J2000 EXT-CLUSTER GLOBULAR CLUSTER J2000 J2000 EXT-CLUSTER GLOBULAR CLUSTER J2000 J2000 EXT-CLUSTER GLOBULAR CLUSTER J2000 J2000 EXT-CLUSTER GLOBULAR CLUSTER J2000 J2000 EXT-CLUSTER GLOBULAR CLUSTER J2000 J2000 EXT-CLUSTER GLOBULAR CLUSTER J2000 J2000 EXT-CLUSTER GLOBULAR CLUSTER J2000 J2000 EXT-CLUSTER GLOBULAR CLUSTER J2000 J2000 EXT-CLUSTER GLOBULAR CLUSTER J2000 J2000 EXT-CLUSTER GLOBULAR CLUSTER J2000 J2000 EXT-CLUSTER GLOBULAR CLUSTER J2000 J2000 EXT-CLUSTER GLOBULAR CLUSTER J2000 J2000 EXT-CLUSTER GLOBULAR CLUSTER J2000 J2000 EXT-CLUSTER GLOBULAR CLUSTER J2000 J2000 EXT-CLUSTER GLOBULAR CLUSTER J2000 J2000 ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F606W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F606W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F606W WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F606W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F606W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F606W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F606W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W POS-TARG DITHER 0.3 LINE false false 3 42 ACS-WFC-DITHER-LINE 1 false The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.2. 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CASM was run in Phase II mode. /Volumes/data/slim/Obs.Prep/Cycle24/GCinUDG/OP-cache/apt_revise_20160814-v02.xml (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "02" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20160601" :date "14-Aug-2016 16:50:56.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "27" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 852672 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "02" :obset-id "02" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "02" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2894 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 347 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3229 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.2. 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CASM was run in Phase II mode. /Volumes/data/slim/Obs.Prep/Cycle24/GCinUDG/OP-cache/apt_revise_20160814-v04.xml (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "04" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20160601" :date "14-Aug-2016 16:50:58.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 1718912 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "04" :obset-id "04" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "04" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2894 :al-overhead-at-end 19 :internal-dur-at-end 1015 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3229 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. /Volumes/data/slim/Obs.Prep/Cycle24/GCinUDG/OP-cache/apt_revise_20160814-v05.xml (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "05" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20160601" :date "14-Aug-2016 16:50:59.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "27" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 852672 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "05" :obset-id "05" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "05" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2894 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 347 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3229 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. /private/var/folders/k8/dzmt1dyx7f5g5c4ct3s88qmw0000gn/T/OPVisit1418488853356627797.xml (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "06" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20160601" :date "14-Aug-2016 17:10:12.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "27" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 852672 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "06" :obset-id "06" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "06" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2894 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 347 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3229 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. /Volumes/data/slim/Obs.Prep/Cycle24/GCinUDG/OP-cache/apt_revise_20160814-v07.xml (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "07" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20160601" :date "14-Aug-2016 16:51:01.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "27" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 852672 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "07" :obset-id "07" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "07" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2894 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 347 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3229 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. /private/var/folders/k8/dzmt1dyx7f5g5c4ct3s88qmw0000gn/T/OPVisit8358404780888364248.xml (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "08" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20160601" :date "14-Aug-2016 17:10:13.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "27" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 852672 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "08" :obset-id "08" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "08" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2894 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 347 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3229 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.2. 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CASM was run in Phase II mode. /Volumes/data/slim/Obs.Prep/Cycle24/GCinUDG/OP-cache/apt_revise_20160814-v12.xml (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "12" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20160601" :date "14-Aug-2016 16:51:05.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 1718912 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "12" :obset-id "12" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "12" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2894 :al-overhead-at-end 19 :internal-dur-at-end 1015 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3229 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. /Volumes/data/slim/Obs.Prep/Cycle24/GCinUDG/OP-cache/apt_revise_20160814-v13.xml (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "13" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20160601" :date "14-Aug-2016 16:51:06.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "27" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 852672 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "13" :obset-id "13" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "13" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2894 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 347 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3229 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. /Volumes/data/slim/Obs.Prep/Cycle24/GCinUDG/OP-cache/apt_revise_20160814-v14.xml (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "14" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20160601" :date "14-Aug-2016 16:51:07.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "27" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 852672 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "14" :obset-id "14" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "14" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2894 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 347 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3229 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. /Volumes/data/slim/Obs.Prep/Cycle24/GCinUDG/OP-cache/apt_revise_20160814-v15.xml (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "15" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20160601" :date "14-Aug-2016 16:51:07.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "27" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 852672 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "15" :obset-id "15" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "15" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2894 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 347 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3229 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. /Volumes/data/slim/Obs.Prep/Cycle24/GCinUDG/OP-cache/apt_revise_20160814-v16.xml (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "16" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20160601" :date "14-Aug-2016 16:51:08.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 1718912 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "16" :obset-id "16" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "16" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2894 :al-overhead-at-end 19 :internal-dur-at-end 1015 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3229 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. /Volumes/data/slim/Obs.Prep/Cycle24/GCinUDG/OP-cache/apt_revise_20160814-v17.xml (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "17" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20160601" :date "14-Aug-2016 16:51:09.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "27" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 852672 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "17" :obset-id "17" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "17" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2894 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 347 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3229 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. /Volumes/data/slim/Obs.Prep/Cycle24/GCinUDG/OP-cache/apt_revise_20160814-v18.xml (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "18" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20160601" :date "14-Aug-2016 16:51:10.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "27" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 852672 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "18" :obset-id "18" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "18" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2894 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 347 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3229 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. /Volumes/data/slim/Obs.Prep/Cycle24/GCinUDG/OP-cache/apt_revise_20160814-v19.xml (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "19" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20160601" :date "14-Aug-2016 16:51:11.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "27" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 852672 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "19" :obset-id "19" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "19" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2894 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 347 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3229 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. /Volumes/data/slim/Obs.Prep/Cycle24/GCinUDG/OP-cache/apt_revise_20160814-v20.xml (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "20" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20160601" :date "14-Aug-2016 16:51:12.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 1718912 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "20" :obset-id "20" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "20" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2894 :al-overhead-at-end 19 :internal-dur-at-end 1015 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3229 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. /Volumes/data/slim/Obs.Prep/Cycle24/GCinUDG/OP-cache/apt_revise_20160814-v21.xml (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "21" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20160601" :date "14-Aug-2016 16:51:13.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "27" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 852672 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "21" :obset-id "21" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "21" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2894 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 347 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3229 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. /Volumes/data/slim/Obs.Prep/Cycle24/GCinUDG/OP-cache/apt_revise_20160814-v22.xml (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "22" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20160601" :date "14-Aug-2016 16:51:13.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "27" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 852672 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "22" :obset-id "22" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "22" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2894 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 347 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3229 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. /Volumes/data/slim/Obs.Prep/Cycle24/GCinUDG/OP-cache/apt_revise_20160814-v23.xml (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "23" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20160601" :date "14-Aug-2016 16:51:14.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 1718912 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "23" :obset-id "23" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "23" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2894 :al-overhead-at-end 19 :internal-dur-at-end 1015 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3229 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. /Volumes/data/slim/Obs.Prep/Cycle24/GCinUDG/OP-cache/apt_revise_20160814-v24.xml (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "24" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20160601" :date "14-Aug-2016 16:51:15.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "27" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 852672 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "24" :obset-id "24" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "24" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2894 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 347 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3229 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. /Volumes/data/slim/Obs.Prep/Cycle24/GCinUDG/OP-cache/apt_revise_20160814-v26.xml (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "26" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20160601" :date "14-Aug-2016 16:51:16.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "27" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 852672 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "26" :obset-id "26" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "26" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2894 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 347 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3229 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. /Volumes/data/slim/Obs.Prep/Cycle24/GCinUDG/OP-cache/apt_revise_20160814-v27.xml (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "27" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20160601" :date "14-Aug-2016 16:51:17.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "27" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 852672 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "27" :obset-id "27" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14658 :visit-id "27" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2894 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 347 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3229 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0