0 Assigned ID: 841 ----- Attempting Submission 1 (Fri Apr 08 21:12:28 GMT 2016) ----- FLASH level may be too low for this exposure or a short subexposure. See extended explanation in the diagnostic browser FLASH level may be too low for this exposure or a short subexposure. See extended explanation in the diagnostic browser FLASH level may be too low for this exposure or a short subexposure. See extended explanation in the diagnostic browser FLASH level may be too low for this exposure or a short subexposure. See extended explanation in the diagnostic browser FLASH level may be too low for this exposure or a short subexposure. See extended explanation in the diagnostic browser FLASH level may be too low for this exposure or a short subexposure. See extended explanation in the diagnostic browser FLASH level may be too low for this exposure or a short subexposure. See extended explanation in the diagnostic browser FLASH level may be too low for this exposure or a short subexposure. See extended explanation in the diagnostic browser FLASH level may be too low for this exposure or a short subexposure. See extended explanation in the diagnostic browser FLASH level may be too low for this exposure or a short subexposure. See extended explanation in the diagnostic browser FLASH level may be too low for this exposure or a short subexposure. See extended explanation in the diagnostic browser FLASH level may be too low for this exposure or a short subexposure. See extended explanation in the diagnostic browser FLASH level may be too low for this exposure or a short subexposure. See extended explanation in the diagnostic browser FLASH level may be too low for this exposure or a short subexposure. See extended explanation in the diagnostic browser FLASH level may be too low for this exposure or a short subexposure. See extended explanation in the diagnostic browser 0 ----- Attempting Submission 1 (Thu Jul 14 19:05:09 GMT 2016) ----- Warnings are about FLASH levels for WFC3/UVIS. We have taken images of these regions already and determined no FLASH is needed. Light Echoes and the Environments of SNe 2014J and 2016adj Light echoes are one of the most powerful and efficient probes of the structure and composition of dust in circumstellar and interstellar environments. Observations of light echoes provide exact three-dimensional (3-D) positions of dust while constraining its density, grain-size and chemical make-up. These can be used to study the evolutionary history of supernova (SN) progenitors, produce high-resolution maps of the structure and composition of interstellar media (ISM), and geometrically measure extragalactic distances. However, echoes pass through a given point only once, and only illuminate a thin slice of a complete structure at any given time, thus accomplishing meaningful science requires carefully-planned, repeated observations. The Type Ia SN 2014J in M82, and the core-collapse SN 2016adj in Cen A are both nearby (~3.5 Mpc), highly reddened (A_V=2-4 mags), and were reported within the last year to have produced resolved light echoes. With 12 orbits of HST and 2.4 hours of Spitzer follow-up observations proposed here, we will map out much more of the 3-D geometry and measure the dust properties of numerous independent structures within the ISM of the host galaxies, and map out or constrain the presence of circumstellar material around each SN. These results can be further used to investigate why the extinction toward SN 2014J (R_V=1.4) differs from Galactic values; measure the geometric distances to both host galaxies; constrain the progenitor properties; test competing models of Type Ib/IIb SNe; and benchmark whether echoes can help us understand galactic feedback, by comparing the actual structures they reveal to ISM simulations. With HST, echoes are best revealed through PSF-matched difference imaging using broad optical filters in which the SN was bright and in which dust scattering is efficient. This is possible for both of our SNe, as their fields were observed prior to explosion: SN 2014J was imaged in F435W, F555W, and F814W with ACS/WFC on 27 Mar 2006 (GO-10776), and SN 2016adj with WFC3/UVIS in F438W, F547M, and F814W on 06 Jul 2010 (GO-11360). In particular, we have successfully drizzled the ACS/WFC images to WFC3/UVIS resolution, and find that they produce very good difference images with the WFC3 F438W, F555W, and F814W images of SN 2014J from DD-13626 and GO-14146. However, these particular observations did not have sufficient exposure times to unambiguously reveal many faint echoes. Through our extensive experience imaging light echoes (e.g. GO-10204, 10607, and 13392) we have found that faint echoes require minimum exposure times of 2400 sec in blue (e.g. F438W) and 1600 sec in redder filters (e.g. F555W, F547M, and F814W); modeling confirms these will be sufficient for SN 2014J. We can fit these exposure lengths in all three filters for a given SN into two orbits using the WFC3 UVIS2-C512C-SUB aperture; this field contains enough stars to allow accurate geometric registration of images to the pre-explosion data. We uses the four-point dither box with sub-pixel offsets to drizzle to higher resolution and provide maximal rejection of artifacts. An echo illuminates new material on a timescale equal to the effective width of its light pulse, 30-40 days for SN 2014J and an expected 50-80 days for SN 2016adj. In practice we have seen echoes completely appear and disappear on timescales of about a year (e.g. SN 1993J). We will therefore return to each SN on 5-6 month intervals, to ensure that we circumvent such variability while accurately mapping the echoing dust structures. Each SN was observed between Jun-Jul 2016 as part of Cycle 23 GO-14146 and DD-14487, thus we will begin the Cycle 24 observations in late 2016. The choice of narrow observing windows for SN 2016adj reflects the need to match narrow visibility windows between HST and Spitzer. The roll-angle requirements are to keep diffraction spikes from a nearby bright star from covering the supernova and its known echoes, when possible. Stellar Physics 12 false false false false false 2.4 true SUPPORTED EXT-STAR DUST LANE SUPERNOVA As of mid-March 2016, the SN had faded to B=20.3, V=17.4 mags, and should continue to fade or remain constant throughout the duration of this proposal. J2000 J2000 EXT-STAR DUST LANE SUPERNOVA TYPE IA This position repeats the coordinates used with the same imaging configuration in past observations. As of Feb 2016, it had faded to B=23.9, V=22.3 mag, and it should continue to fade or remain constant throughout the duration of this propsoal. J2000 J2000 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.0. CASM was run in Phase I mode. WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F438W WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F555W WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F814W The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.0. CASM was run in Phase I mode. WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F438W WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F555W WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F814W The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.0. CASM was run in Phase I mode. WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F438W WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F555W WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F814W The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.0. CASM was run in Phase I mode. WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F438W WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F547M WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F814W The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.0. CASM was run in Phase I mode. WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F438W WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F547M WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F814W The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.0. CASM was run in Phase I mode. WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F438W WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F547M WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F814W POS-TARG DITHER 0.173 LINE 0.112 false false 81.785 4 23.884 WFC3-UVIS-DITHER-BOX 1 false /private/var/folders/t6/tvfwc7rs0ddds77v68gpckh98vbdvj/T/OPVisit2889117054912162775.xml The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14700 :visit-id "01" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20160601" :date "14-Jul-2016 15:03:06.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 2 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 54928 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14700 :visit-id "01" :obset-id "01" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14700 :visit-id "01" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 3219 :al-overhead-at-end 38 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3556 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14700 :visit-id "01" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3244 :al-overhead-at-end 38 :internal-dur-at-end 97 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3556 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 2 0 /private/var/folders/t6/tvfwc7rs0ddds77v68gpckh98vbdvj/T/OPVisit2415504858178827578.xml The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14700 :visit-id "02" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20160601" :date "14-Jul-2016 15:03:09.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 2 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 54928 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14700 :visit-id "02" :obset-id "02" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14700 :visit-id "02" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 3219 :al-overhead-at-end 38 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3556 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14700 :visit-id "02" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3244 :al-overhead-at-end 38 :internal-dur-at-end 97 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3556 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 2 0 /private/var/folders/t6/tvfwc7rs0ddds77v68gpckh98vbdvj/T/OPVisit7616433822585222373.xml The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14700 :visit-id "03" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20160601" :date "14-Jul-2016 15:03:11.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 2 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 54928 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14700 :visit-id "03" :obset-id "03" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14700 :visit-id "03" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 3219 :al-overhead-at-end 38 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3556 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14700 :visit-id "03" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3244 :al-overhead-at-end 38 :internal-dur-at-end 97 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3556 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 2 0 /private/var/folders/t6/tvfwc7rs0ddds77v68gpckh98vbdvj/T/OPVisit2285091441956606916.xml The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14700 :visit-id "04" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20160601" :date "14-Jul-2016 15:03:13.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 2 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 54928 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14700 :visit-id "04" :obset-id "04" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14700 :visit-id "04" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2972 :al-overhead-at-end 38 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3307 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14700 :visit-id "04" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3081 :al-overhead-at-end 38 :internal-dur-at-end 97 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3307 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 2 0 /private/var/folders/t6/tvfwc7rs0ddds77v68gpckh98vbdvj/T/OPVisit5092491399383083346.xml The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14700 :visit-id "05" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20160601" :date "14-Jul-2016 15:03:16.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 2 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 54928 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14700 :visit-id "05" :obset-id "05" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14700 :visit-id "05" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2972 :al-overhead-at-end 38 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3307 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14700 :visit-id "05" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3081 :al-overhead-at-end 38 :internal-dur-at-end 97 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3307 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 2 0 /private/var/folders/t6/tvfwc7rs0ddds77v68gpckh98vbdvj/T/OPVisit2579033970908204752.xml The scheduling data was generated by CASM 24.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 14700 :visit-id "06" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20160601" :date "14-Jul-2016 15:03:18.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 2 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 54928 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 14700 :visit-id "06" :obset-id "06" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14700 :visit-id "06" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 333 :si-vis-utilization 2972 :al-overhead-at-end 38 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3307 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 14700 :visit-id "06" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 222 :si-vis-utilization 3081 :al-overhead-at-end 38 :internal-dur-at-end 97 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3307 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 2 0