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   <ProposalInformation
      Category="AR"
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      Cycle="25"
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      <Title>The Mass Outflow Rate of the Milky Way</Title>
      
      <Abstract>The balance between gaseous inflow and outflow regulates star formation in spiral galaxies. This paradigm can be tested in the Milky Way, but whereas the star formation rate and inflow rate have both been measured, the outflow rate has not. We propose an archival COS program to determine the Galactic outflow rate in cool gas (~10^4 K) by surveying UV absorption line high-velocity clouds (HVCs). This project will make use of the newly updated Hubble Spectroscopic Legacy Archive, which contains a uniformly reduced sample of 233 COS G130M spectra of background AGN. The outflow rate will be determined by (1) searching for redshifted HVCs; (2) modeling the clouds with photoionization simulations to determine their masses and physical properties; (3) combining the cloud masses with their velocities and distances. We will measure how the outflow is distributed spatially across the sky, calculate its mass loading factor, and compare the line profiles to synthetic spectra extracted from new hydrodynamic simulations. The distribution of HVC velocities will inform us what fraction of the outflowing clouds will escape the halo and what fraction will circulate back to the disk, to better understand how and where gas enters and exits the Milky Way.</Abstract>
      
      <PrincipalInvestigator
         Honorific="Dr."
         FirstName="Andrew"
         MiddleInitial="J."
         LastName="Fox"
         ESAMember="true"
         CSAMember="false"
         Retired="false"
         UniqueID="6617"
         Institution="Space Telescope Science Institute - ESA"
         Country="USA"
         State="MD"
         Contact="true"
         AdminCoI="CoI: Dr. Jason Tumlinson " />
      
      <CoInvestigator
         Honorific="Dr."
         FirstName="Nicolas"
         LastName="Lehner"
         ESAMember="false"
         CSAMember="false"
         Retired="false"
         UniqueID="4763"
         Institution="University of Notre Dame"
         Country="USA"
         State="IN"
         Contact="false"
         AdminUSPI="false" />
      
      <CoInvestigator
         Honorific="Prof."
         FirstName="Philipp"
         LastName="Richter"
         ESAMember="true"
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         Retired="false"
         UniqueID="4911"
         Institution="Universitat Potsdam"
         Country="DEU"
         Contact="false"
         AdminUSPI="false" />
      
      <CoInvestigator
         Honorific="Dr."
         FirstName="Rongmon"
         LastName="Bordoloi"
         ESAMember="false"
         CSAMember="false"
         Retired="false"
         UniqueID="13038"
         Institution="Massachusetts Institute of Technology"
         Country="USA"
         State="MA"
         Contact="false"
         AdminUSPI="false" />
      
      <CoInvestigator
         Honorific="Dr."
         FirstName="Molly"
         LastName="Peeples"
         ESAMember="false"
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         UniqueID="12612"
         Institution="Space Telescope Science Institute"
         Country="USA"
         State="MD"
         Contact="false"
         AdminUSPI="false" />
      
      <CoInvestigator
         Honorific="Dr."
         FirstName="Jason"
         LastName="Tumlinson"
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         UniqueID="6250"
         Institution="Space Telescope Science Institute"
         Country="USA"
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      <CoInvestigator
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         FirstName="Jay"
         MiddleInitial="Christopher"
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         UniqueID="4366"
         Institution="University of Notre Dame"
         Country="USA"
         State="IN"
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         FirstName="Timothy"
         MiddleInitial="M."
         LastName="Heckman"
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         Retired="false"
         UniqueID="894"
         Institution="The Johns Hopkins University"
         Country="USA"
         State="MD"
         Contact="false"
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      <CoInvestigator
         Honorific="Dr."
         FirstName="Jessica"
         MiddleInitial="Kay"
         LastName="Werk"
         ESAMember="false"
         CSAMember="false"
         Retired="false"
         UniqueID="9046"
         Institution="University of Washington"
         Country="USA"
         State="WA"
         Contact="false"
         AdminUSPI="false" />
      
      <CoInvestigator
         Honorific="Dr."
         FirstName="Lauren"
         LastName="Corlies"
         ESAMember="false"
         CSAMember="false"
         Retired="false"
         UniqueID="18508"
         Institution="The Johns Hopkins University"
         Country="USA"
         State="MD"
         Contact="false"
         AdminUSPI="false" />
      
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      <Phase1ProposalInformation
         Attachment="/Users/afox/Desktop/outflow25/outflow25.pdf">
         
         <ScientificCategory>Galaxies and the IGM</ScientificCategory>
         
         <SecondaryScientificCategory>Stellar Physics</SecondaryScientificCategory>
         
         <ScientificKeyword1
            Keyword="Circumgalactic Medium" />
         
         <ScientificKeyword2
            Keyword="Galaxy Formation and Evolution" />
         
         <ScientificKeyword3
            Keyword="Local Group Galaxies" />
         
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            Keyword="Metal Absorption Systems" />
         
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         <Budget>Regular</Budget>
         
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