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   <!--Date: Fri Apr 07 21:46:07 GMT 2017-->
   
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      Category="AR"
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      Cycle="25"
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      <Title>Pre-supernova properties of progenitors detected by HST</Title>
      
      <Abstract>HST has provided essential data on the connection between core-collapse supernovae (SNe) and their massive star progenitors, both through precise post-explosion localization of nearby SNe, and by identification of progenitor stars in pre-explosion HST images. However, mounting evidence suggests that many SN progenitors exhibit outbursts and/or enhanced mass loss in the years preceding the SN, potentially affecting the progenitor properties measured by HST. Inferring progenitor characteristics such as stellar mass thus requires a better theoretical understanding of the pre-SN stellar evolution. A compelling mechanism for pre-SN outbursts is energy transport via gravity/acoustic waves within massive star SN progenitors. We propose to quantify the observable effects of wave-driven outbursts and mass loss in the final years of massive star lives using stellar evolution calculations incorporating wave energy transport. Our models will make predictions for progenitor luminosity in HST bands as a function of stellar mass and time before SN explosion. We will also model the SN light curves and spectra of stars with wave energy transport, which we can compare with SN observations to assert whether wave heating operated in the progenitors detected by HST. We will then revisit the interpretation of HST progenitor data and make predictions for future SN progenitor detections by HST.</Abstract>
      
      <PrincipalInvestigator
         Honorific="Prof."
         FirstName="Jim"
         LastName="Fuller"
         ESAMember="false"
         CSAMember="false"
         Retired="false"
         UniqueID="21353"
         Institution="California Institute of Technology"
         Country="USA"
         State="CA"
         Contact="true" />
      
      <CoInvestigator
         Honorific="Dr."
         FirstName="Scott"
         LastName="Adams"
         ESAMember="false"
         CSAMember="false"
         Retired="false"
         UniqueID="17408"
         Institution="California Institute of Technology"
         Country="USA"
         State="CA"
         Contact="false"
         AdminUSPI="false" />
      
      <CoInvestigator
         Honorific="Dr."
         FirstName="Schuyler"
         MiddleInitial="D."
         LastName="Van Dyk"
         ESAMember="false"
         CSAMember="false"
         Retired="false"
         UniqueID="2647"
         Institution="California Institute of Technology"
         Country="USA"
         State="CA"
         Contact="false"
         AdminUSPI="false" />
      
      <CoInvestigator
         FirstName="Maria"
         LastName="Drout"
         ESAMember="false"
         CSAMember="false"
         Retired="false"
         UniqueID="13722"
         Institution="Carnegie Institution of Washington"
         Country="USA"
         State="DC"
         Contact="false"
         AdminUSPI="false" />
      
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         Honorific="Dr."
         FirstName="Tony"
         LastName="Piro"
         ESAMember="false"
         CSAMember="false"
         Retired="false"
         UniqueID="8523"
         Institution="Carnegie Institution of Washington"
         Country="USA"
         State="DC"
         Contact="false"
         AdminUSPI="false" />
      
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      <Phase1ProposalInformation
         Attachment="C:\Users\slant\Desktop\Grants\HSTTheory\HubbleTheory.pdf">
         
         <ScientificCategory>Stellar Physics</ScientificCategory>
         
         <ScientificKeyword1
            Keyword="Circumstellar Matter" />
         
         <ScientificKeyword2
            Keyword="Evolved Stars" />
         
         <ScientificKeyword3
            Keyword="Massive Stars" />
         
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            Keyword="Supernovae" />
         
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         <Budget>Regular</Budget>
         
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         <Theory>true</Theory>
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