Completing Kepler's Mission to Determine the Frequency of Earth-like Planets

0 Assigned ID: 831 ----- Attempting Submission 1 (Fri Apr 07 20:19:32 GMT 2017) ----- HST Phase I Proposal 831 (hst-cycle-25tom.pdf.apt) successfully submitted. Receipt: # 831-1 ----- Attempting Submission 2 (Fri Apr 07 21:01:40 GMT 2017) ----- HST Phase I Proposal 831 (hst-cycle-25tom.pdf.apt) successfully submitted. Receipt: # 831-2 ----- Attempting Submission 3 (Fri Apr 07 21:28:00 GMT 2017) ----- LONG SU LIKELY TO INTERSECT THE SAA ORBITAL VISIBILITY OVERRUN Unschedulable Visit FLASH level may be too low for this exposure or a short subexposure. See extended explanation in the diagnostic browser FLASH level may be too low for this exposure or a short subexposure. See extended explanation in the diagnostic browser FLASH level may be too low for this exposure or a short subexposure. See extended explanation in the diagnostic browser Scheduling Requirements: Visit 1 requires19 non-interrupt HST orbits. There are only two transit events during cycle 25. We accept science observations during SAA. We desire comparison stellar target 2MASS: 18524855+4521022 (Delta mag = 1.1; Separation = 25 arcsec) to also be observable on 1024x1024 subarray to aid in understanding the data systematics. UPDATES: 08/10/2017 - Full GS aquire added to Orbit 14. Maintaining orbit observing pattern (very important for science) causes 137 s overrun in orbit 14. No other changes to other orbits. 10/23/2017 - 12e- FLASH added to the 'unscanned' preimages Exp. 1 & 2. No FLASH added to 'scanned' science images. Given scheduled 12/7/2017 event APT reports ORIENT range 22-32 deg. Adopted POS TARG X: 6.3 arcsec and Y:-14.3 arcsec for all exposures to ensure comparison star is on subsarray during scans. -2006837247 ----- Attempting Submission 1 (Thu Jul 20 19:18:33 GMT 2017) ----- ----- Attempting Submission 2 (Thu Aug 10 14:01:46 GMT 2017) ----- ----- Attempting Submission 3 (Mon Oct 23 13:44:22 GMT 2017) ----- Scheduling will be problematic due to our request for 19 uniterrupted HST orbits. Completing Kepler's Mission to Determine the Frequency of Earth-like Planets The primary goal of NASA's Kepler mission is to estimate the frequency of Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zone (HZ) of Sun-like stars (so called eta-Earth). Analysis of four years of Kepler data reveals an unprecedented population of more than 4400 planet candidates orbiting 3400 stars, however only a small subset of these (~13 planets) fall into the regime of near-Earth-sized and in the HZ of a solar-type star. By accounting properly for detection biases that limit the catalog completeness and reliability we can turn an observed population into an intrinsic population and achieve Kepler's prime mission goal. Our team have shown that uncertainties in HZ occurrence rates for solar-type stars for all analyses to date are dominated by systematic uncertainties. The robustness of the 13 high-value Earth-like planet candidates is questionable due to their long periods and small transit depths - the Kepler team estimate that perhaps 50% of these are real planets. The proposed HST observations provide a pilot study to measure the photometric time series of the high-value, temperate terrestrial planet candidate Kepler-62f in order to confirm that it is not a false alarm. Long-duration high-precision observations from HST of this kind have not been attempted before and therefore we opt to waive the proprietary period of data collected during this pilot study. Successful confirmation will pave the way for a future large program to examine all of the Kepler G dwarf habitable Earth-sized planets and drastically improve the accuracy of eta-Earth estimates. Using HST, recover the long period, P=267 day, transiting super-Earth size planet, Kepler-62f that was originally detected by Kepler. The science goal requires 19 uninterrupted HST orbits in a SINGLE visit using the WFC3/UVIS F350LP filter of the planet host ,Kepler-62 (K2V; V=14.1). Due to the long orbital period there are two opportunities during the Cycle 25 observing window to observe a transit of Kepler-62f (we are requesting observations for one of the two). We seek high precision, continuous photometric coverage in order to recover the shallow (470 ppm) transit event lasting ~8 hours. Observations are planned to achieve high throughput via spatial scanning and provide orbit-to-orbit stability. Kepler-62 is positioned in the sub-array in order to accomodate without overlap the DeltaV=1.1 comparison stellar target 2MASS: 18524855+4521022 to aid in understanding the data systematics. With the transit event constraints and uninterrupted 19 orbit visit, the scheduling for this program will be challenging, but 19-orbits contiguously has been observed before in program 13467 (visit 25). We will accept SAA impacted orbits in science. Schedulability = 100% special requirement is enabled. Planets and Planet Formation 0 false false false false false false AVAILABLE STAR EXTRA-SOLAR PLANET EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETARY SYSTEM K V-IV NO This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. 2MASS-J18525105+4520595 J2000 J2000 J=12.256, K=11.659 WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F350LP 1510836531439 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 25.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. /private/var/folders/zc/ljhf1lgn10b1yd9ytmwlp4jr00070l/T/OPVisit4168625736062678608.xml Scheduling Requirements: Visit 1 requires19 non-interrupt HST orbits. There are only two transit events during cycle 25. We accept science observations during SAA. We desire comparison stellar target 2MASS: 18524855+4521022 (Delta mag = 1.1; Separation = 25 arcsec) to also be observable on 1024x1024 subarray to aid in understanding the data systematics. 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