Origin and Evolution of the First Known Ultra-Young Asteroid Family and its Doubly-Synchronous Binary Member

added orient 95.17 to both visits, makes guide stars easier 1049491702 ----- Attempting Submission 1 (Fri Jul 21 00:31:10 GMT 2017) ----- HST Phase II Proposal 15360 (P2012F5_HST.apt) successfully submitted. Receipt: # 15360-1 ----- Attempting Submission 4 (Mon Apr 23 14:31:06 GMT 2018) ----- ----- Attempting Submission 5 (Wed Apr 25 19:05:35 GMT 2018) ----- ----- Attempting Submission 6 (Wed Apr 25 19:46:40 GMT 2018) ----- ----- Attempting Submission 7 (Thu Apr 26 12:07:22 GMT 2018) ----- ----- Attempting Submission 8 (Mon May 07 11:32:09 GMT 2018) ----- ----- Attempting Submission 9 (Tue May 08 19:37:08 GMT 2018) ----- ----- Attempting Submission 10 (Wed May 09 12:18:28 GMT 2018) ----- HST Phase II Proposal 15360 (15360.apt) successfully submitted. Receipt: # 15360-10 ----- Attempting Submission 11 (Wed May 09 19:47:11 GMT 2018) ----- HST Phase II Proposal 15360 (15360.apt) successfully submitted. Receipt: # 15360-11 ----- Attempting Submission 12 (Wed May 09 19:57:18 GMT 2018) ----- HST Phase II Proposal 15360 (15360.apt) successfully submitted. Receipt: # 15360-12 ----- Attempting Submission 13 (Wed May 09 20:22:50 GMT 2018) ----- ----- Attempting Submission 14 (Fri May 11 19:09:15 GMT 2018) ----- ----- Attempting Submission 15 (Fri May 18 18:34:46 GMT 2018) ----- Your proposal could not be saved. Submission aborted. ----- Attempting Submission 16 (Fri May 18 19:41:06 GMT 2018) ----- ----- Attempting Submission 17 (Tue May 22 13:25:07 GMT 2018) ----- ----- Attempting Submission 18 (Fri Jun 08 14:40:10 GMT 2018) ----- HST Phase II Proposal 15360 (15360.apt) successfully submitted. Receipt: # 15360-18 ----- Attempting Submission 19 (Fri Jun 08 14:53:02 GMT 2018) ----- HST Phase II Proposal 15360 (15360.apt) successfully submitted. Receipt: # 15360-19 ----- Attempting Submission 20 (Mon Jun 11 18:11:51 GMT 2018) ----- HST Phase II Proposal 15360 (15360.apt) successfully submitted. Receipt: # 15360-20 ----- Attempting Submission 21 (Mon Jun 11 18:25:33 GMT 2018) ----- Origin and Evolution of the First Known Ultra-Young Asteroid Family and its Doubly-Synchronous Binary Member Our GO-14192 and DD-14475 programs executed in late 2015 and early 2016, providing spectacular WFC3/UVIS images of the unusual disrupted asteroid P/2012 F5. We have detected at least nine star-like fragments of the main nucleus, still cocooned in their birth dust trail, suggesting that P/2012 F5 is a newborn asteroid family, only a few years old. Given that the main nucleus rotates at a critical rate, this ultra-young system is the best candidate for a family generated by rotational fission, as opposed to all the other asteroid families, which are of collisional origin. To our great surprise, the largest fragment of the main nucleus is most probably a small, doubly-synchronous binary, challenging the established theory of formation of binary asteroids. Capitalizing on these exciting early results, we propose a long-term monitoring program of P/2012 F5, with which we wish to secure new data from the next two oppositions. The requested additional HST orbits are critically needed to quantify the ejection parameters of the fragments and thereby verify the suspected cause of the fragmentation. They will also provide absolutely unique insight into the evolution of the first known ultra-young asteroid binary. Hubble is the only facility with sufficient sensitivity and wide-field angular resolution to carry out this investigation, which is more than likely to have a profound impact on asteroid science, including our solar system and systems around other stars. 1. Target and Scheduling Our target is the fragmented asteroid P/2012 F5, which has a bright nucleus and many fainter fragments embedded in a long dust trail. At the time of the planned HST observations the nucleus is of 22 mag and the brightest fragment of about 27 mag (R-band magnitudes). The TARGETS component contains the orbital elements of the main nucleus, automatically retrieved by APT from the JPL's HORIZONS, which ensure the ephemeris precision better than 1 arcsec. The nucleus and the fragments are dispersed along a straight line, which has a sky PA ranging from 274 to 275 deg at the time of the planned HST observations. The expected angular distance between the easternmost component and the westernmost component (one of the faint fragments) is 45 arcsec, however, the associated dust trail extends further out, and can be several arcminutes long. These observations are *time-critical* and should be scheduled in two 5-orbit visits in the time slots defined by the BETWEEN Special Requirement (ideally close to the centers of these slots). These slots were optimized for maximum scientific return based on several parameters of the target. In particular, they ensure near-maximum brightness, negligible observing-geometry changes within a visit, and a sufficient time separation of the visits. EDIT: Due to the new maximum duration of a visit equal to 4 orbits, the observations should be scheduled in two 4-orbit visits and one 2-orbit visit in between. 2. Visit Design In Visit 1 we place the target's nucleus in quadrant B, approximately (500,500) px from its outer corner, which is achieved by a combination of the selected UVIS1-FIX aperture and a large POS TARG offset of (61.50,24.25) arcsec. Thanks to the selected ORIENT Special Requirement all the known fragments will also be present in quadrant B and lined up along the HST's U3 axis, which minimizes geometric distortions. Moreover, full-frame readout makes it possible to detect new fragments at larger separations from the nucleus in quadrant C. In Visit 2 we place the target's nucleus in the UVIS2-C1K1C-CTE aperture, approximately (500,500) px from the outer corner of quadrant C. Thanks to the selected ORIENT Special Requirement all the known fragments will also be present in quadrant C and lined up along the detector data rows. Moreover, full-frame readout makes it possible to detect new fragments at larger separations from the nucleus in quadrant D. EDIT: The newly created Visits 4 and 5 have the same designs as Visit 2, except that the selected ORIENT Special Requirement is slightly different. Visit 4 is the new 2-orbit visit and Visit 5 is a repeat of the failed Visit 1. 3. Orbit Design Each orbit has basically the same architecture. We consistently use WFC3/UVIS with the F350LP filter, which offers the best SNR on asteroid nuclei. We wish to take five full-frame images per orbit, which is small enough to ensure parallel buffer dumps and good overall observing efficiency, but large enough to adequately sample the light curves of the main nucleus and largest fragment. The orbital visibility at the time of the preferred observations allows us to take all five images with 438 sec integration time when a GS is re-acquired, or four images with 438 sec integration time and one image with 295 sec integration time when a new GS is acquired. We purposely leave 141 sec of unused orbital visibility, which is needed to allow for scheduling in the preferred time slots. To maximize observing efficiency, dithering is applied between consecutive orbits (i.e. all five exposures taken during a single orbit will not be dithered) through changing the POS TARG offsets, which incurs no overheads but naturally mitigates the effect of bad pixels in a deep, visit-averaged image. To minimize the influence of geometric distortions, the POS TARG offsets move the target along the HST's U3 axis. EDIT: The designs of the newly created Visits 4 and 5 are different. The two-orbit Visit 4 uses in-orbit POS TARG change (one per orbit) ensuring 4 different dither positions for the entire visit. To accommodate this change, the first exposure from the first orbit has been shortened from 295 sec to 231 sec and the first exposure from the second orbit has been shortened from 438 sec to 374 sec. The four-orbit Visit 5 has longer orbits than the previous visits, allowing us to take all five images with 453 sec integration time when a GS is re-acquired, or four images with 453 sec integration time and one image with 327 sec integration time when a new GS is acquired. The new integration times take into account that GS re-acquisition now takes 15 sec longer than before. Solar System 6 false false false false false false false SUPPORTED SOLAR SYSTEM YES COMET Disrupted asteroid TYPE=COMET,Q=2.87737398838368,E=.04208657647672002,I=9.739682411701132,O=216.8596526258896,W=177.4017799220638,T=28-MAR-2010:01:59:12,TTimeScale=UTC,EQUINOX=J2000,EPOCH=04-FEB-2012:00:00:00,EpochTimeScale=TDB EARTH WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F350LP 1525807957003 Using ephemeris for target 15360-01-P2012F5 ephemeris data for target 15360-01-P2012F5 does not cover planning interval. Physical constraints are assumed to be unschedulable outside of the ephemeris data. Planning interval: 18.094 to 19.121. ephemeris interval: 18.120 to 20.122 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 25.2. 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Physical constraints are assumed to be unschedulable outside of the ephemeris data. Planning interval: 18.094 to 19.121. ephemeris interval: 18.120 to 20.122 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 25.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. 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Physical constraints are assumed to be unschedulable outside of the ephemeris data. Planning interval: 18.094 to 19.121. ephemeris interval: 18.120 to 20.122 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 25.2. 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