Confirming the Europa torus

0 Assigned ID: 441 ----- Attempting Submission 1 (Fri Apr 05 14:06:47 GMT 2019) ----- HST Phase I Proposal 441 (EuropaTorus_Cyc27.apt) successfully submitted. Receipt: # 441-1 ----- Attempting Submission 2 (Fri Apr 05 19:59:14 GMT 2019) ----- A target acquisition should probably be performed before doing spectroscopy or coronography with STIS or COS. COS FUV PSA science exposures with extended targets have special calibration limitations. See "Errors and Warnings" for more details. COS FUV PSA science exposures with extended targets have special calibration limitations. See "Errors and Warnings" for more details. A target acquisition should probably be performed before doing spectroscopy or coronography with STIS or COS. COS FUV PSA science exposures with extended targets have special calibration limitations. See "Errors and Warnings" for more details. COS FUV PSA science exposures with extended targets have special calibration limitations. See "Errors and Warnings" for more details. A target acquisition should probably be performed before doing spectroscopy or coronography with STIS or COS. COS FUV PSA science exposures with extended targets have special calibration limitations. See "Errors and Warnings" for more details. COS FUV PSA science exposures with extended targets have special calibration limitations. See "Errors and Warnings" for more details. A target acquisition should probably be performed before doing spectroscopy or coronography with STIS or COS. COS FUV PSA science exposures with extended targets have special calibration limitations. See "Errors and Warnings" for more details. COS FUV PSA science exposures with extended targets have special calibration limitations. See "Errors and Warnings" for more details. 0 ----- Attempting Submission 1 (Tue Jul 23 06:00:41 GMT 2019) ----- - Target acquisitions are not carried out as we are observing a diffuse target with extension larger (or less defined location) than the aperture plus assumed pointing uncertainty of 0.5 arcsec. - The use of the PSA for this extended object should not be a problem, as the torus is extremely faint Confirming the Europa torus The proposed observations seek to directly measure for the first time the density of neutrals and plasma particles at the orbit of Jupiter's icy moon Europa. The existence of a neutral torus at Europa is only indirectly inferred by two independent observations. Yet, a Europa torus has never been confirmed observationally and the composition a torus would have is uncertain. UV spectra of the Europa environment taken by the Cassini spacecraft are much debated and lack the sensitivity to be conclusive. The high sensitivity and spectral range of COS uniquely enable us to measure the likely dominant neutral species near Europa's orbit, hydrogen and oxygen, and simultaneously three main Jovian ion species. If the proposed COS observations finally prove the existence of a Europa torus and constrain its constituent abundances, then they will also provide crucial insights into two poorly understood aspects of the system: (1) The mass loss from Europa's atmosphere, possibly including the role of plume activity, and (2), the balance between sustaining a neutral torus vs. generating a plasma torus in a moon orbit. If no emissions are detected at Europa's orbit, then the previous observations related to a Europa torus need to be revised and reinterpreted. We observe the plasma and gas torus in Europa's orbit around Jupiter with 4 visits of 2 orbits each. The 4 visits should be executed as close in time as possible to avoid changes due to the time-variabilities in the Jupiter system. The team is composed of experts on different parts of the project from planing of the observations to data analysis and modeling for the interpretation. The PI Lorenz Roth has experience from leading five successful HST programs as PI. He has proven to lead the HST observing programs from the beginning to succesful publications. Nathaniel Cunningham is an expert on the COS instrument and has detailed knowledge about the instrument characteriscs, having been involved in the development of the instrument. Tracy Becker has experience with HST data analysis from COS (and other instruments). Kurt Retherford and Nickolay Ivchenko are experts in spectroscopy. Joachim Saur and Aljona Bloecker are experts in modeling moon atmosphere interactions and will provide input on the mass loss from Europa's atmosphere to a possible torus. Joachim Saur and Kurt Retherford have furthermore extensive experience with HST, inlcuding as PIs of several GO programs. Todd Smith has developed a model for neutral environments in planetary magnetospheres that has been used for studies of Saturn and Jupiter and. The Smith model will be used to interpret the results with respect to the neutral source at Europa and distribution of neutrals in the magnetosphere of Jupiter. Solar System 6 false false true false false false false false SUPPORTED SOLAR SYSTEM YES This target is for the a torus with radius 8.0 Jovian radii, for probing between Io torus and Europa torus TORUS Plasma and gas torus near Europa's orbit STD=JUPITER TYPE=TORUS,LONG=90,LAT=0,RAD=5.72e5,POLE_LONG=0,POLE_LAT=90 NOT OCC OF EUROPA-TORUS-A BY JUPITER FROM EARTH, NOT ECL P PARTIAL OF EUROPA-TORUS-A BY IO FROM EARTH, NOT ECL P PARTIAL OF EUROPA-TORUS-A BY EUROPA FROM EARTH, NOT ECL P PARTIAL OF EUROPA-TORUS-A BY GANYMEDE FROM EARTH, NOT ECL P PARTIAL OF EUROPA-TORUS-A BY CALLISTO FROM EARTH, SEP OF EUROPA-TORUS-A IO FROM EARTH GT 10", SEP OF EUROPA-TORUS-A EUROPA FROM EARTH GT 10", SEP OF EUROPA-TORUS-A GANYMEDE FROM EARTH GT 10", SEP OF EUROPA-TORUS-A CALLISTO FROM EARTH GT 10" EARTH SOLAR SYSTEM YES This target is for probing the torus region at radius 8.8 Jovian radii, inward of the peak Europa torus. TORUS Plasma and gas torus near Europa's orbit STD=JUPITER TYPE=TORUS,LONG=90,LAT=0,RAD=6.29e5,POLE_LONG=0,POLE_LAT=90 NOT OCC OF EUROPA-TORUS-B BY JUPITER FROM EARTH, NOT ECL P PARTIAL OF EUROPA-TORUS-B BY IO FROM EARTH, NOT ECL P PARTIAL OF EUROPA-TORUS-B BY EUROPA FROM EARTH, NOT ECL P PARTIAL OF EUROPA-TORUS-B BY GANYMEDE FROM EARTH, NOT ECL P PARTIAL OF EUROPA-TORUS-B BY CALLISTO FROM EARTH, SEP OF EUROPA-TORUS-B IO FROM EARTH GT 10", SEP OF EUROPA-TORUS-B EUROPA FROM EARTH GT 10", SEP OF EUROPA-TORUS-B GANYMEDE FROM EARTH GT 10", SEP OF EUROPA-TORUS-B CALLISTO FROM EARTH GT 10" EARTH SOLAR SYSTEM YES This target aims at the expected peak location of the torus at 9.3 Jovian radii, slighly inward of Europa's orbit (which is at 9.38 R_J) TORUS Plasma and gas torus near Europa's orbit STD=JUPITER TYPE=TORUS,LONG=90,LAT=0,RAD=6.65e5,POLE_LONG=0,POLE_LAT=90 NOT OCC OF EUROPA-TORUS-C BY JUPITER FROM EARTH, NOT ECL P PARTIAL OF EUROPA-TORUS-C BY IO FROM EARTH, NOT ECL P PARTIAL OF EUROPA-TORUS-C BY EUROPA FROM EARTH, NOT ECL P PARTIAL OF EUROPA-TORUS-C BY GANYMEDE FROM EARTH, NOT ECL P PARTIAL OF EUROPA-TORUS-C BY CALLISTO FROM EARTH, SEP OF EUROPA-TORUS-C IO FROM EARTH GT 10", SEP OF EUROPA-TORUS-C EUROPA FROM EARTH GT 10", SEP OF EUROPA-TORUS-C GANYMEDE FROM EARTH GT 10", SEP OF EUROPA-TORUS-C CALLISTO FROM EARTH GT 10", OLG OF EUROPA BETWEEN 250 30 EARTH SOLAR SYSTEM YES This target is for probing the torus region at radius 9.8 Jovian radii, outward of the peak Europa torus TORUS Plasma and gas torus near Europa's orbit STD=JUPITER TYPE=TORUS,LONG=90,LAT=0,RAD=7.01e5,POLE_LONG=0,POLE_LAT=90 NOT OCC OF EUROPA-TORUS-D BY JUPITER FROM EARTH, NOT ECL P PARTIAL OF EUROPA-TORUS-D BY IO FROM EARTH, NOT ECL P PARTIAL OF EUROPA-TORUS-D BY EUROPA FROM EARTH, NOT ECL P PARTIAL OF EUROPA-TORUS-D BY GANYMEDE FROM EARTH, NOT ECL P PARTIAL OF EUROPA-TORUS-D BY CALLISTO FROM EARTH, SEP OF EUROPA-TORUS-D IO FROM EARTH GT 10", SEP OF EUROPA-TORUS-D EUROPA FROM EARTH GT 10", SEP OF EUROPA-TORUS-D GANYMEDE FROM EARTH GT 10", SEP OF EUROPA-TORUS-D CALLISTO FROM EARTH GT 10" EARTH SOLAR SYSTEM YES This target is for probing the equatorial region outwards from the Europa torus at radial distance 12.5 Jovian radii, used for background TORUS Plasma and gas torus near Europa's orbit STD=JUPITER TYPE=TORUS,LONG=90,LAT=0,RAD=8.94e5,POLE_LONG=0,POLE_LAT=90 NOT OCC OF EUROPA-TORUS-E BY JUPITER FROM EARTH, NOT ECL P PARTIAL OF EUROPA-TORUS-E BY IO FROM EARTH, NOT ECL P PARTIAL OF EUROPA-TORUS-E BY EUROPA FROM EARTH, NOT ECL P PARTIAL OF EUROPA-TORUS-E BY GANYMEDE FROM EARTH, NOT ECL P PARTIAL OF EUROPA-TORUS-E BY CALLISTO FROM EARTH, SEP OF EUROPA-TORUS-E IO FROM EARTH GT 10", SEP OF EUROPA-TORUS-E EUROPA FROM EARTH GT 10", SEP OF EUROPA-TORUS-E GANYMEDE FROM EARTH GT 10", SEP OF EUROPA-TORUS-E CALLISTO FROM EARTH GT 10" EARTH COS/FUV Spectroscopic No No G130M 1327 1577376613713 Timing link suitability includes constraints ([Sequence (01 02 03 04) within 0.5 days]) The scheduling data was generated by CASM 27.2. 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