0Assigned ID: 854
----- Attempting Submission 1 (Fri Apr 05 22:11:55 GMT 2019) -----
HST Phase I Proposal 854 (ritondale.apt) successfully submitted.
Receipt: # 854-1
----- Attempting Submission 2 (Fri Apr 05 22:14:44 GMT 2019) -----0----- Attempting Submission 1 (Thu Jul 25 08:29:40 GMT 2019) -----Gravitational lensing by field halos: a clean test of dark matter modelsThe Cold Dark Matter (CDM) model for galaxy formation is currently the most successful at reproducing a large variety of observations, but it remains largely untested in the non-linear sub-galactic regime. A clear prediction of this model is that a significant number of low-mass halos should populate any line-of-sight. As most of these objects are expected to be completely dark, strong gravitational lensing provides a unique channel to detect them and determine the properties of dark matter by constraining the halo-mass function at the low-mass end. However, the available data for known gravitational lens systems currently lack the sensitivity to probe the halo mass function at the regime where different dark models significantly differ.
This proposal requests 27 orbits to re-observe a carefully selected sample of 11 highly magnified gravitational arcs/rings. The high redshift (z ~ 2-3) of the uv-bright background galaxies will allow the dark matter distribution in the non-linear regime to be probed over a sizeable line-of-sight volume. A published analysis of the single-orbit imaging for these lenses does not detect any low mass halos. Given the expectation value is 1+/-1, this result is (just) consistent with CDM. However, given the low expectation value, further observations are required to test the robustness of this result. Simulations predict that 9+/-3 low-mass halos will be detected in the higher signal-to-noise ratio dataset requested here, for a CDM Universe. A null-detection from these new data will, therefore, rule out the CDM model for dark matter at more than the 3 sigma level.The immediate goal of these observations is to obtain high signal-to-noise ratio images through filter WFC3-UVIS/F606W for 11 gravitationally lensed LAEs from the BELLS sample. The objects have all been observed with WFC3/UVIS-F606W for one orbit, and the observations requested here will provide the signal-to-noise ratio required to achieve our scientific goal. In particular, we require three-orbits for 5 targets and two-orbits for 6 targets, giving a total of 27 orbits to complete the project.Our team has several years of experience in the field of strong gravitational lensing and its application with HST observations, and especially in the particular subfield of low-mass-halo lensing, which is the subject of this proposal. We have pioneered some of the most advanced lens modelling codes for the gravitational imaging of low-mass dark matter halos and developed the statistical formalism necessary to interpret our results in the context of different dark matter models. We also have access to and run high-resolution numerical cosmological simulations needed for the comparison between the observational results and theoretical predictions. Over the years, we have developed independent lens modelling codes that can be tested against each other to quantify the robustness of our results and the effect of systematics. The study described in this proposal is part of a European Research Council supported project, for which we have access to extensive computational resources. Below, we provide more details on each member experience.
Dr Simona Vegetti (PI) has developed one of the first strong gravitational lensing codes with pixellated sources. She has pioneered the gravitational imaging technique, which detects dark matter haloes via their gravitational effect on Einstein rings and strongly lensed arcs. The gravitational imaging technique was introduced and extensively tested on mock HST data in Vegetti and Koopmans (2009), and with real HST data in Vegetti et al. (2010a). In Vegetti and Koopmans (2009b) she has presented the statistical formalism necessary to interpret the detections of substructure with lensing into constraints on the properties of dark matter. This formalism was recently extended in Vegetti et al. (2018) to include the contribution from line-of-sight halos. In Vegetti et al. (2010b), she has reported the first detection of a dark matter substructure at z=0.2, using HST observation of a SLACS lens system. In Vegetti et al. (2012, Nature), the most distant dark matter satellite currently known, was discovered with the same technique using Keck AO data. In Vegetti et al. (2014), she has used a sample of 11 lens systems from the SLACS survey and observed with HST to search for more dark matter substructure and reported the first observational constraints on the substructure mass function beyond the Local Universe. In Vegetti et al. (2018), the same sample was re-analysed to include the contribution from line-of-sight low-mass halos to derive the first constraints on sterile neutrino dark matter from lensing.
Dr Matt Auger has led and co-authored several studies on gravitational lens systems based on HST observations (e.g. Auger et al. 2008, 2009, 2010a,b, 2011, 2013). He has experience in HST data reduction, gravitational lens modelling, lens searches and galaxy formation.
Dr Giulia Despali expertise lies in numerical simulations, dark matter theories and strong gravitational lensing. She is currently the PI of a project which aims at comparing the observational constraints on the amount of low-mass dark matter halos derived from lensing with predictions from different dark matter models (e.g. Despali & Vegetti 2017, Hsueh, Despali et al. 2017, Despali et al. 2018, Despali et al. 2019a,b). Her recent work on the contribution from line-of-sight haloes (rather than subhaloes within the lens galaxy viral halo) represents a major and the latest significant development of this field. Her results, presented in Despali et al. (2018), have significantly changed the lensing community's perspective on this scientific problem.
Dr John McKean has extensive expertise in the study of gravitational lens galaxies and in the detection of dark matter substructure with lensing, both in the radio and in the optical (including HST). See, for example, McKean et al. (2004, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2011). He also has experience in lens searches and HST data reduction.
Ms Elisa Ritondale, currently a PhD student with Dr Vegetti, has led the analysis of the HST Cycle 24 data available for the lens systems targeted by this proposal. She has carried out the lens modelling of all the systems in the considered sample and presented a study on the physical properties of the background sources (Lyman-alpha emitters, Ritondale et al. 2019a). In Ritondale et al. (2019b), she has led the search for low-mass dark halos from the same sample and demonstrated her results to be just consistent with the expectation from the cold dark matter (CDM) paradigm. In this paper she has also shown how improved data quality for the same sample of lenses can potentially rule out CDM at a high statistical level.
Prof Chris Fassnacht is an expert in the observations and analysis of strong gravitational lenses. He has played a key role in the CLASS, SHARP, and STRIDES projects that have focused on using lenses as tools to study cosmology and astrophysics.
Prof Leon Koopmans has 25 years of expertise in strong lens surveys, lens modelling and lens statistics, and has been a member or PI of several of the largest strong lens surveys to date, e.g. CLASS, SLACS (PI) and the KiDS Strong Lensing Survey (PI). He focusses largely on the study of massive early-type lens galaxies, their formation and evolution, dark-matter content (incl. CDM substructure), and more recently on their stellar IMF. In addition, he developed several state-of-the-art modelling codes and neural networks to find lenses, and most recently has been interested in simulating strong lenses using galaxy-formation simulations and comparing these to observed strong lenses.
Dr Yiping Shu and Prof Adam Bolton have extensive experience with the selection of strong lens candidates from the SDSS spectroscopic database, with the original selection of SLACS (Bolton et al. 2006) and BELLS (Bolton et al. 2012) lenses via these methods, and with the experimental design of the original HST observing campaigns that confirmed most of the known SLACS and BELLS lenses. They also have experience in modeling the physical demographics of the population of massive galaxies from which these lenses were drawn, and in quantifying the SDSS selection function for this population as a function of redshift and luminosity. Shu and Bolton also have extensive experience in surface photometry and strong-lens modeling based on HST data of SLACS and BELLS lenses, in physical parameter inference based on these models, and in hierarchical inference of the distribution of mass-structural parameters across entire samples of lenses. They have also quantified the expected lensed supernova rates within the SLACS and BELLS samples.Galaxies and the IGM6falsefalsefalsefalsefalsefalsefalseSUPPORTEDGALAXYGRAVITATIONAL LENSJ2000J2000GALAXYGRAVITATIONAL LENSJ2000J2000GALAXYGRAVITATIONAL LENSJ2000J2000GALAXYGRAVITATIONAL LENSJ2000J2000GALAXYGRAVITATIONAL LENSJ2000J2000GALAXYGRAVITATIONAL LENSJ2000J2000GALAXYGRAVITATIONAL LENSJ2000J2000GALAXYGRAVITATIONAL LENSJ2000J2000GALAXYGRAVITATIONAL LENSJ2000J2000GALAXYGRAVITATIONAL LENSJ2000J2000GALAXYGRAVITATIONAL LENSJ2000J2000WFC3/UVISImagingNoNoF606WWFC3/UVISImagingNoNoF606WWFC3/UVISImagingNoNoF606WWFC3/UVISImagingNoNoF606WWFC3/UVISImagingNoNoF606WWFC3/UVISImagingNoNoF606WWFC3/UVISImagingNoNoF606WWFC3/UVISImagingNoNoF606WWFC3/UVISImagingNoNoF606WWFC3/UVISImagingNoNoF606WWFC3/UVISImagingNoNoF606WPOS-TARGDITHER0.173LINE0.112falsefalse81.785423.884WFC3-UVIS-DITHER-BOX1falseThe scheduling data was generated by CASM 27.2.CASM was run in Phase II mode.(Tic-Visit
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