Characterizing the Environment Around The Most Distant Known Galaxy

0 Assigned ID: 96 ----- Attempting Submission 1 (Tue Apr 02 19:05:09 GMT 2019) ----- HST Phase I Proposal 96 (GNz11-2.apt) successfully submitted. Receipt: # 96-1 ----- Attempting Submission 2 (Fri Apr 05 20:00:13 GMT 2019) ----- HST Phase I Proposal 96 (GNz11-2.apt) successfully submitted. Receipt: # 96-2 0 ----- Attempting Submission 1 (Mon Jul 15 15:20:44 GMT 2019) ----- Characterizing the Environment Around The Most Distant Known Galaxy The discovery of the very luminous galaxy GN-z11 at only 400 Myr after the Big Bang in the GOODS-North field with an HST grism spectroscopic redshift of z=11.1+/-0.1 presents a real puzzle for early Universe science. Its detection raises significant questions about our understanding of early galaxy formation, as theoretical models did not predict any such galaxy in the small HST survey area. However, models do predict that the most luminous early galaxies form in the most massive halos, such that they should be significantly clustered, and surrounded by fainter neighbors. Two promising neighbor candidates have already been identified: one lower S/N source seen in HST imaging and one candidate from a NOEMA [CII] emission line search. Clearly, the GOODS-N field around GN-z11 represents the best chance to identify a larger number of z~11 sources that can immediately be followed up with JWST spectroscopy from day one. But already now, GN-z11 provides a unique window deep into cosmic dawn, before reionization occurs -- an epoch we thought was inaccessible before JWST. Here, we thus propose one pointing of deeper WFC3/IR imaging in three filters to fully characterize the z~11 environment around GN-z11 and to confirm its neighbor candidate galaxies. At the same time, these data will further constrain the morphology of GN-z11, and enhance the HST legacy in the prime extragalactic field GOODS-North for the JWST era. This program is aimed at the discovery of fainter neighbors around the currently most distant known galaxy GN-z11. It will provide 11 orbit WFC3/IR imaging split over three filters, as well as ACS F435W parallels back over the GOODS-North field. These data will be extremely valuable for the community to select targets for JWST spectroscopy follow-up, which is why we waive the proprietary time and submitted the proposal as JWST-initiative. It would be important to be able to schedule these data as quickly as possible before the JWST launch. For the filters F125W and F160W, we submit 2 visits of 2 orbits each, and for filter F140W, we created one 3-orbit visit. Each orbit is broken up into 4 WFC3/IR exposures and 4 ACS parallel exposures. The total integration time is thus 4 orbits in F125W and F160W and 3 orbits in F140W. We use a combination of two dither patterns, WFC3-IR-DITHER-BOX-MIN + WFC3-IR-DITHER-BLOB for the two orbit visits, and offset them using small POSTARGS for the next visit. This ensures that both the WFC3/IR images as well as the ACS parallels are well dithered, and we step across the ACS chip gap. We apply a small constraint on the orients such that the parallel ACS images land back on the original GOODS field to improve the blue coverage and legacy. This only mildly reduces the scheduling opportunites, but if needed, this constraint could be weakened. Gyro mode failure: We do not expect a major impact on our observed program from a possible gyro failure. If the observing windows were to shrink, we can decrease the exposure times accordingly. Our team includes experts of high-redshift galaxy evolution science based on multi-wavelength observations from the optical to the millimeter. In particular, the members of our team have extensive experience with HST WFC3/IR imaging such as proposed here. We have originally discovered GN-z11 and measured its redshift through WFC3/IR grism observations. Our team also acquired the NOEMA data, in which we have discovered the neighboring emission line candidate GN-z11-2. Several of us have also been part of the original WFC3/IR imaging over the Hubble Ultra-Deep field and we have reduced *all* the HST data in the archive over both GOODS fields. The Southern field is already published on MAST: the Hubble Legacy Field South. Our team is ready and fully committed to process and release these HST data to the science community for efficient follow-up observations, in particular, with JWST. Cosmology Galaxies and the IGM 0 false false false false true false false SUPPORTED GALAXY HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXY J2000 J2000 H-band AB = 26.0 WFC3/IR Imaging No No F160W WFC3/IR Imaging No No F140W WFC3/IR Imaging No No F125W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F435W POS-TARG DITHER 1.144 LINE 0.73 false false 74.653 4 18.528 WFC3-IR-DITHER-BOX-MIN 1

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POS-TARG DITHER DITHER 4 5.183 WFC3-IR-DITHER-BOX-MIN false 74.653 false 0.365 0.572 2 41.859 POS-TARG WFC3-IR-DITHER-BLOB 18.528 2

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