0 Assigned ID: 797 ----- Attempting Submission 1 (Fri Mar 06 21:26:44 GMT 2020) ----- Timing windows modified on visits 3-5 to have them execute close to visit 2. 1164938962 ----- Attempting Submission 1 (Fri Jun 26 14:36:12 GMT 2020) ----- ----- Attempting Submission 2 (Fri Feb 19 18:25:37 GMT 2021) ----- The planners have both been run and everything looks fine. I cannot figure out why APT insists these need to be run. Drivers of Activity for Interstellar object 2I/2019 Q4 (Borisov) We request 5 orbits to observe the interstellar object 2I/2019 Q4 (Borisov) during the post-perihelion portion of its orbit, once it comes out of the HST solar avoidance region in mid-January 2021. Photometry from HST and from the ground shows that the comet is still bright, consistent with continued CO-driven activity, and that it is likely still to be bright enough to observe when it emerges again from solar conjunction. The requested data will be combined with high quality ground-based data, and HST imaging data obtained from several programs to perform detailed thermal modeling of the comet's activity, search for structures in the coma, and to perform high precision astrometry on the outbound orbit to model the non-gravitational forces acting on the nucleus. This is a unique object, only the second of its class discovered. 2I is now past perihelion at a heliocentric distance of 2.7 au and is heading out of the solar system and will never return. There is intense scientific interest in this object because it is likely a remnant of the planet building process from an exoplanetary system that we have been given the opportunity to observe in close detail, thus it is important to finish the observations necessary to fully utilize the huge scientific investment already made on this object. Each visit is nearly identical in design, five long exposures that fill the observing window with dithering. The full field of WFC3 is used to facilitate our high-precision astrometric goals. The only difference between the visits is a time constraint. The design is based on the goal of getting regularly spaced observations during Cycle 28 after the target comes out of solar exclusion. Each visit is given a 2 week window for scheduling and the visits are to be spaced 6 weeks apart. This plan assumes the target will continue to be detectable through the entire period of observation and will not be detectable after our last visit. However, the predicted brightness is quite uncertain because the level of outgassing is not known (and is one of our measurement objectives). There is a chance that if all activity stops that the target could be too faint to detect later in the Cycle. Prior to scheduling these observations we will be updating our models of the predicted brightness. If there is no chance of detecting the target we would release the allocated time. There is an intermediate case where the visits can be combined to reach a deeper limiting magnitude at the expense of fewer epochs. Any adjustments in the visit timing will be made early enough to not impact the usual flow of scheduling observations. Each of the team members has expertise that is relevant and necessary to this proposal. A brief description follows. Karen Meech - expert on interstellar object observations and coordinating international teams. Lead much of the work for the 1I observing campaign. Expert on comet observations and interpretation, including rotation analysis. Marc Buie - expert user of HST for astrometry and photometry of solar system objects. Lead for the Phase 2 development and assisting with scheduling. Jacqueline Keane - expert in interpreting comet data, familiar with HST. She will help collect the associated ground based observations and process the data so we can develop the best estimate of when to initiate the observations. Jan Kleyna - Comet expert and expertise with innovative programming for data reduction. He will be a key team member for the analysis of the data. Olivier Hainaut and Bin Yang - Expert comet observers. Will be obtaining complementary ground based data when the comet moves too far south for Maunakea observations. Adept at very rapid data reduction. Marco Micheli, Davide Farnocchia, David Tholen - these are the world experts in astrometry and orbit determination. They will interpret the astrometric data in combination with ground-based observations to search for any evidence of non-gravitational effects. Coryn Bailer-Jones - expert in galactic structure and application of Gaia data for tracing stellar motions. He will lead the interpretation of the astrometric data in terms of the orbit of 2I in the galactic environment. Dina Prialnik - leading world expert on 3D thermal comet models. She will be co-leading the modeling effort with Karen Meech. Hermann Boehnhardt - expert in modeling dust structures (both from jets and splitting) and isolating the nucleus from the dust coma. He will help interpret any structures we see in the coma and lead assessment of nucleus properties from the data. Erica Bufanda - University of Hawaii graduate student who will be doing a PhD thesis with the PI, and who hopes to do her thesis related to long period comets and ISOs. She will be an integral part of the team. Richard Wainscoat - Lead for the PanSTARRS NEOWISE survey program. He is instrumental in getting additional astrometric data as needed when other telescopes do not have imagers on. This will be important for orbit refinement early in the program. Solar System Astronomy 6 false false false false false false false SUPPORTED SOLAR SYSTEM COMET Interstellar Object TYPE=COMET,Q=2.006624008587265,E=3.356191268153205,I=44.05262620283894 ,O=308.1489154698829,W=209.1246056235187,T=08-DEC-2019:13:04:38,TTimeScale=TDB,EQUINOX=J2000,EPOCH=31-JUL-2020:00:00:00,EpochTimeScale=TDB,R0=2.808 ,DT=0. ,A1=7.312064170837E-8,A2=-3.252092599869E-8,A3=0. ,ALN=0.1112620426,NM=2.15,NN=5.093,NK=4.6142,AMRAT=0. EARTH WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F350LP WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F689M CELESTIAL OTHER 0.03 LINE false true 5 0 LINE 1 false The scheduling data was generated by CASM 28.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. The five long, dithered exposures are intended to fill a single visibility window to get the relative timing we need. This is a stand-alone visit with a window provided to give a time constraint that is loose but holds it in roughly the right timeframe for the overall temporal sequence needed for the observing. Successful observations require a minimum number of suitable Gaia DR2 sources in the full field of UVIS. As the observations are scheduled, the proposal team needs to check potential windows for suitable guide stars and avoidance of field star contamination of the target and provide guidance on which windows will work best. If the fields are sparse enough, we may need to provide adjusted POSTARG values to ensure there are enough stars. 1611950473000 248.14908763583315 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 16315 :visit-id "01" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20200619" :date "26-Jun-2020 08:34:53.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 1443744 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 16315 :visit-id "01" :obset-id "01" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 16315 :visit-id "01" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 393 :si-vis-utilization 2721 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 668 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3142 :pcs-gap 0 ) false 1 0 Using ephemeris for target 16315-02-I2-BOROSOV ephemeris data for target 16315-02-I2-BOROSOV does not cover planning interval. Physical constraints are assumed to be unschedulable outside of the ephemeris data. Planning interval: 20.364 to 22.089. ephemeris interval: 21.031 to 23.032 Timing link suitability includes constraints ([Sequence (02 03 04 05) within 0.5 days]) The scheduling data was generated by CASM 29.0. CASM was run in Phase II mode. /tmp/OPVisit12738567218746675913.xml The five long, dithered exposures are intended to fill a single visibility window to get the relative timing we need. This is a stand-alone visit with a window provided to give a time constraint that is loose but holds it in roughly the right timeframe for the overall temporal sequence needed for the observing. Successful observations require a minimum number of suitable Gaia DR2 sources in the full field of UVIS. As the observations are scheduled, the proposal team needs to check potential windows for suitable guide stars and avoidance of field star contamination of the target and provide guidance on which windows will work best. If the fields are sparse enough, we may need to provide adjusted POSTARG values to ensure there are enough stars. The plan is revised based on the non-detection of the object in visit 01. The revision calls for using visit 2-5 in aggregate to generate a deep stack from which to detect the target. These visits should be scheduled as close together as possible. We still need to review the scheduling windows for stellar contamination. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 16315 :visit-id "02" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20200619" :date "19-Feb-2021 11:24:40.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 1443744 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 16315 :visit-id "02" :obset-id "02" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 16315 :visit-id "02" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 393 :si-vis-utilization 2721 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 668 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3142 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 Using ephemeris for target 16315-03-I2-BOROSOV ephemeris data for target 16315-03-I2-BOROSOV does not cover planning interval. Physical constraints are assumed to be unschedulable outside of the ephemeris data. Planning interval: 20.364 to 22.089. ephemeris interval: 21.031 to 23.032 Timing link suitability includes constraints ([Sequence (02 03 04 05) within 0.5 days]) The scheduling data was generated by CASM 29.0. CASM was run in Phase II mode. /tmp/OPVisit16455624714820374048.xml The five long, dithered exposures are intended to fill a single visibility window to get the relative timing we need. This is a stand-alone visit with a window provided to give a time constraint that is loose but holds it in roughly the right timeframe for the overall temporal sequence needed for the observing. Successful observations require a minimum number of suitable Gaia DR2 sources in the full field of UVIS. As the observations are scheduled, the proposal team needs to check potential windows for suitable guide stars and avoidance of field star contamination of the target and provide guidance on which windows will work best. If the fields are sparse enough, we may need to provide adjusted POSTARG values to ensure there are enough stars. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 16315 :visit-id "03" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20200619" :date "19-Feb-2021 11:24:41.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 1443744 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 16315 :visit-id "03" :obset-id "03" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 16315 :visit-id "03" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 393 :si-vis-utilization 2721 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 668 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3142 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 Using ephemeris for target 16315-04-I2-BOROSOV ephemeris data for target 16315-04-I2-BOROSOV does not cover planning interval. Physical constraints are assumed to be unschedulable outside of the ephemeris data. Planning interval: 20.364 to 22.089. ephemeris interval: 21.031 to 23.032 Timing link suitability includes constraints ([Sequence (02 03 04 05) within 0.5 days]) The scheduling data was generated by CASM 29.0. CASM was run in Phase II mode. /tmp/OPVisit442239574665019726.xml The five long, dithered exposures are intended to fill a single visibility window to get the relative timing we need. This is a stand-alone visit with a window provided to give a time constraint that is loose but holds it in roughly the right timeframe for the overall temporal sequence needed for the observing. Successful observations require a minimum number of suitable Gaia DR2 sources in the full field of UVIS. As the observations are scheduled, the proposal team needs to check potential windows for suitable guide stars and avoidance of field star contamination of the target and provide guidance on which windows will work best. If the fields are sparse enough, we may need to provide adjusted POSTARG values to ensure there are enough stars. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 16315 :visit-id "04" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20200619" :date "19-Feb-2021 11:24:41.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 1443744 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 16315 :visit-id "04" :obset-id "04" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 16315 :visit-id "04" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 393 :si-vis-utilization 2721 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 668 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3142 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 Using ephemeris for target 16315-05-I2-BOROSOV ephemeris data for target 16315-05-I2-BOROSOV does not cover planning interval. Physical constraints are assumed to be unschedulable outside of the ephemeris data. Planning interval: 20.364 to 22.089. ephemeris interval: 21.031 to 23.032 Timing link suitability includes constraints ([Sequence (02 03 04 05) within 0.5 days]) The scheduling data was generated by CASM 29.0. CASM was run in Phase II mode. /tmp/OPVisit5742324448712925061.xml The five long, dithered exposures are intended to fill a single visibility window to get the relative timing we need. This is a stand-alone visit with a window provided to give a time constraint that is loose but holds it in roughly the right timeframe for the overall temporal sequence needed for the observing. Successful observations require a minimum number of suitable Gaia DR2 sources in the full field of UVIS. As the observations are scheduled, the proposal team needs to check potential windows for suitable guide stars and avoidance of field star contamination of the target and provide guidance on which windows will work best. If the fields are sparse enough, we may need to provide adjusted POSTARG values to ensure there are enough stars. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 16315 :visit-id "05" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20200619" :date "19-Feb-2021 11:24:42.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 1443744 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 16315 :visit-id "05" :obset-id "05" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 16315 :visit-id "05" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 393 :si-vis-utilization 2721 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 668 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3142 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0