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   <!--Date: Fri Mar 06 23:33:08 GMT 2020-->
   
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   <ProposalInformation
      Category="AR"
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      <Title>A search for variable stars and compact binaries in globular clusters with HST</Title>
      
      <Abstract>Globular clusters (GCs) are very old, gravitationally bound groups of stars. Due to their age and high stellar interactions, they are home of a significant fraction of exotic binaries. These binary systems not only govern the evolution of their host GCs, but studying them is likewise important for understanding the importance of clusters as factories of compact mergers like Type Ia supernovae, kilonovae and black hole mergers, and for LISA-band gravitational wave sources.  One of the most common compact binaries expected to reside in GCs are the cataclysmic variables (CVs). Their number, spatial and period distribution can give us a clue on the past GCs, helping us constrain models of stellar and dynamical evolution. However, the current known CV population is well below the expected numbers. Observational biases might be playing a key role. In particular, a X-ray unbiased search has not been performed for many Galactic GCs. We propose to carry out a homogenous analysis of archival data for 7 GCs with different dynamical states and properties in order to test CV evolution. The search will be performed in different parts of the GCs. We will then be able to make the first direct comparison between the CV populations in GCs and the Galactic disk, obtaining direct insights of the effects of stellar interactions on the formation of these binaries. We will also search for orbital periods in an attempt to populate the period distribution of CVs in GCs for the first time. Furthermore, we will look for HST counterparts to the known X-ray and radio sources in our GCs sample, having the possibility of detecting binaries which harbor black holes and neutron stars.</Abstract>
      
      <PrincipalInvestigator
         Honorific="Dr."
         FirstName="Liliana"
         MiddleInitial="Elizabeth"
         LastName="Rivera Sandoval"
         ESAMember="false"
         CSAMember="false"
         Retired="false"
         UniqueID="21195"
         Institution="Texas Tech University"
         Country="USA"
         State="TX"
         Contact="true" />
      
      <CoInvestigator
         Honorific="Prof."
         FirstName="Thomas"
         MiddleInitial="J."
         LastName="Maccarone"
         ESAMember="false"
         CSAMember="false"
         Retired="false"
         UniqueID="7068"
         Institution="Texas Tech University"
         Country="USA"
         State="TX"
         Contact="false"
         AdminUSPI="false" />
      
      <CoInvestigator
         Honorific="Dr."
         FirstName="Craig"
         LastName="Heinke"
         ESAMember="false"
         CSAMember="true"
         Retired="false"
         UniqueID="5929"
         Institution="University of Alberta"
         Country="CAN"
         State="AL"
         Contact="false"
         AdminUSPI="false" />
      
      <CoInvestigator
         Honorific="Dr."
         FirstName="Diogo"
         LastName="Belloni"
         ESAMember="false"
         CSAMember="false"
         Retired="false"
         UniqueID="28010"
         Institution="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais"
         Country="BRA"
         Contact="false"
         AdminUSPI="false" />
      
      <CoInvestigator
         Honorific="Dr."
         FirstName="Arash"
         LastName="Bahramian"
         ESAMember="false"
         CSAMember="false"
         Retired="false"
         UniqueID="18153"
         Institution="Curtin University"
         Country="AUS"
         State="Australia"
         Contact="false"
         AdminUSPI="false" />
      
      <CoInvestigator
         FirstName="Manuel"
         LastName="Pichardo Marcano"
         ESAMember="false"
         CSAMember="false"
         Retired="false"
         UniqueID="28631"
         Institution="Texas Tech University"
         Country="USA"
         State="TX"
         Contact="false"
         AdminUSPI="false" />
      
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      <TeamExpertise>M.Sc. Manuel Pichardo Marcano is a graduate student working with Dr. Maccarone and Dr. Rivera Sandoval. He has experience in photometric analysis of globular clusters.

Prof. T. J. Maccarone has expertise in X-ray observations for understanding the populations of X-ray binaries in
the field and in star clusters, and in correlating X-ray source properties with multiwavelength properties.

Prof. C. O. Heinke is an expert on X-ray observations of GCs. He has also been PI and Co-I of several succesful
HST proposals.

Dr. L.E. Rivera Sandoval has expertise reducing and analyzing UV and optical HST data. She has carried out NUV studies of compact binaries in 47 Tuc, leading to the discovery of the first AM CVn candidate in that cluster as well as doubled the number of cataclysmic variables known there. She has also experience in identifying optical companions to MSPs in globular clusters. 

Dr. Diogo Belloni is an expert on globular cluster modelling, with several papers published on the subject.
He has produced the most updated models for the production of CVs in these environments so far. 

Dr. Arash Bahramian is an expert in the analysis of Chandra data in globular clusters, with several works published about that. 

Co-Is Maccarone and Bahramian are members of the MAVERIC collaboration, and have access to radio catalogs produced through that survey. These members also have access to an X-ray Chandra catalog associated with that survey. All the clusters in this proposal are included in these radio/X-ray catalogs.</TeamExpertise>
      
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         Attachment="/Users/lrivera/Downloads/HST_archival_proposal_GCs_2020.pdf">
         
         <ScientificCategory>Stellar Populations and the Interstellar Medium</ScientificCategory>
         
         <SecondaryScientificCategory>Stellar Physics and Stellar Types</SecondaryScientificCategory>
         
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            Keyword="Globular Star Clusters" />
         
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            Keyword="Star Clusters" />
         
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