0 Assigned ID: 1213 ----- Attempting Submission 1 (Wed Sep 30 00:27:28 GMT 2020) ----- HST Phase I Proposal 1213 successfully submitted. Receipt: # 1213-1 0 ----- Attempting Submission 1 (Tue Nov 24 17:48:23 GMT 2020) ----- The Most Extreme Globular Cluster Systems in Low Surface Brightness Galaxies Interest in low surface brightness galaxies (LSBGs) has experienced a renaissance in recent years. Intriguingly, a number of ultra diffuse galaxies, which are LSBGs with dwarf-like stellar masses spread over Milky Way-size areas, have been observed in the Coma cluster with extraordinarily large numbers (>40) of globular clusters (GCs). Since GC abundance correlates with galaxy dark matter halo mass for many galaxies, these LSBGs may have extremely high mass-to-light ratios. However, such GC-rich LSBGs have only been observed in high density, galaxy cluster environments. Can LSBGs in group environments have such extremely large GC systems? We have just completed the first wide-field search for GC-rich LSBGs in Hyper Suprime-Cam data, with a focus on early-type, low-mass LSBGs. We request seven orbits of HST time to study the LSBGs with the largest GC-like point source excesses with imaging from the Advanced Camera for Surveys. With these data, we will be able to tightly constrain the GC abundances in our galaxies to determine whether they are truly the counterparts of the GC-rich LSBGs found in clusters. We will also constrain the GC luminosity functions of our LSBGs to compare to the most likely distances to our LSBGs. Finally, this HST data will provide verification of our ground-based GC search, which will provide invaluable insight for analyzing data from future telescopes like the Vera C. Rubin Observatory. We will spend each full orbit on the F814W band, dividing the exposure into four dithers. After guide-star acquisition (6 min), read-out (6.5 min), and one dither (0.5 min), we are left with 40 min of exposure time, assuming a typical 53 min orbit. We will divide that time evenly into four 500 sec exposures, using the ACS-WFC-DITHER-LINE pattern combined with a subpattern. Prof. Peter Melchior is an expert in machine learning and its applications to processing astronomical images. He has developed the code SCARLET which will allow us to extract globular clusters from a single band HST image combined with griz HSC images. All of the remaining investigators have already collaborated on a paper, led by Jean Somalwar, which used HST to measure the globular cluster populations in ultra diffuse galaxies. Thus, they are all experienced in analyses of the sort required for this proposal. Furthermore: Lachlan Lancaster studies the theory of globular cluster formation and evolution, so his expertise will allow us to interpret the results of our analysis and propose mechanisms to explain them. Dr. Johnny Greco and Prof. Jenny Greene are experts in low surface brightness galaxies. Their extensive work on low surface brightness galaxies (LSBGs) across all types of environments using a variety of data will prove essential to both the processing of the HST images (e.g., the best tools for obtaining accurate photometry), and their detailed knowledge of the current state of knowledge about LSBGs will allow us to interpret our results. Dr. Rachael Beaton is an expert at obtaining and analyzing photometry using HST. Galaxies 6 false false false false false false false false SUPPORTED GALAXY DWARF ELLIPTICAL LSB This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. 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