Target PSYCHE: There is no need or capability to test the scheduling of observations of moving targets in Phase I. This warning will go away the next time the proposal is loaded.
Target KLEOPATRA: There is no need or capability to test the scheduling of observations of moving targets in Phase I. This warning will go away the next time the proposal is loaded.
Target KALLIOPE: There is no need or capability to test the scheduling of observations of moving targets in Phase I. This warning will go away the next time the proposal is loaded.
Target HERTHA: There is no need or capability to test the scheduling of observations of moving targets in Phase I. This warning will go away the next time the proposal is loaded.
Target LYDIA: There is no need or capability to test the scheduling of observations of moving targets in Phase I. This warning will go away the next time the proposal is loaded.0Assigned ID: 2067
----- Attempting Submission 1 (Fri Apr 09 17:53:52 GMT 2021) -----The targets of this proposal are moving Solar System objects (main belt asteroids) and therefore produce these warnings.Our targets are fairly dark; our goal is to achieve the highest SNR by (1) acquiring the asteroids in the NUV with conservative exposure times and (2) observe each target for as long as possible so we can detect the spectral edge feature near 165 nm. Please let us know if there are any concerns about how we have setup these observations, as we are open to recommended changes to optimize our program. Thank you!.
Updated program to increase buffer time from 2000 s to 5000 s for each target observation per email discussion Sept 15th.1035109167----- Attempting Submission 1 (Thu Jul 29 17:57:50 GMT 2021) -----
----- Attempting Submission 2 (Thu Sep 16 18:28:09 GMT 2021) -----Detecting Water on Metallic M-Type Asteroids in the Far-UVThe presence of hydrated minerals and/or water on asteroids has important implications for how they, and the Solar System, formed and evolved. Techniques that unambiguously detect water on asteroids can be used to identify targets for exploration and in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) and could be used to better understand how water was delivered to Earth. Asteroid hydration is typically determined through detections of the near-infrared (NIR) 3-micron absorption feature; however, interpretation of this spectral feature is complicated by the need for thermal corrections to NIR data, telluric lines in our atmosphere, and the proximity of the OH (2.8 microns) and H2O (3 microns) spectral absorption features. In the far-ultraviolet (FUV), however, water produces a strong spectral edge causing a significant difference in albedo shortward and longward of 165 nm. We propose to conduct observations of five M-type asteroids using the FUV COS G140L mode to 1) evaluate if the hydrated sub-class of the M-type asteroids are in fact hydrated or are otherwise different from the non-hydrated, presumably metallic M-types; and 2) determine if this hydration is due to OH or H2O, since only H2O is expected to produce the strong FUV spectral signature. Only three asteroids have ever been observed at wavelengths <180 nm, so this proposed program would significantly increase the database of FUV asteroid observations while also verifying if the FUV can be used to unambiguously detect water or water-bearing minerals on asteroid surfaces.This program is designed to observe five asteroids at far-ultraviolet wavelengths. Each target will be observed for the entirety of one visit (following acquisition). Each target will be observed using the COS G140L centered at 1280 A. We intend to use the COS NUV image acquisition mode to acquire each target prior to the COS G140L observations.This project is being proposed by a comprehensive team with expertise in HST UV observations, M-type asteroid investigations, and the highly unique expertise of studying asteroids in the ultraviolet. PI Becker led the HST observations of (16) Psyche - the largest M-type asteroid - which has resulted in publication with significant press coverage in 2020 (Becker et al. 2020). She also used HST STIS observations to lead a publication about the surface of Europa (Becker et al. 2018) and is analyzing COS and STIS data as lead for two other HST programs. Co-I Hendrix has led UV HST observations of a number of Solar System objects, including the asteroids Ceres and Phaethon, and lead the paper that measured the water-ice absorption edge across the Moon with LRO LAMP (Hendrix et al. 2019). Co-I Rivkin led the pivotal M-type asteroid survey that distinguished the potentially hydrated asteroids as the 'W' sub-class, a critical component of this proposed study. Co-I Landsman led a paper focused on the study of the 3-micron feature on M-type asteroids (Landsman et al. 2015) and a paper on the largest M-type asteroid, 16 Psyche (Landsman et al. 2018). Co-I Molyneux has led and collaborated on a number COS and STIS observations of Solar System objects, including STIS observations of Trojan asteroids (Cycle 25) and COS observations of Galilean satellites (Cycle 28). Co-I Raut performs laboratory studies of water ice-infused planetary regolith analogs and lunar soil in the UV, and focuses on understanding the origin of water on planetary surfaces such as the Moon. Co-I Lorenz Roth has led a number of HST programs with COS, including observations and analysis of the asteroid Ceres. He and Co-I Nathanial Cunningham have extensive background using COS to understand Solar System bodies, and will contribute to the proper reduction of the data. Co-I Stephanie Jarmak is a postdoctoral researcher who is leading a selected JWST program to study the asteroid (16) Psyche in the near- and mid-IR. Co-I Dennis Bodewits has led several small body observing campaigns for several orbiting telescopes, including comet observations with HST, Chandra, XMM-Newton, and the Neil Gehrels-Swift Observatory. He led the HST/COS observations of interstellar comet 2I/Borisov that resulted in the discovery that it was highly enriched in CO. Zexi Xing (The University of Hong Kong) is a graduate student who is being trained in the analysis of UV observations of solar system small bodies using HST and Swift.Solar System Astronomy6falsefalsetruefalsefalsefalsefalsefalseSUPPORTEDSOLAR SYSTEMNOASTEROIDAsteroid (16) PsycheTYPE=ASTEROID,A=2.923229269737752,E=0.1336522060480093,I=3.09651191862866
,O=150.0382290044058,W=229.0561885944505,M=27.14022917776214,EQUINOX=J2000,EPOCH=10-SEP-2020:00:00:00,EpochTimeScale=TDBEARTHSOLAR SYSTEMNOASTEROIDAsteroid (216) KleopatraTYPE=ASTEROID,A=2.795981864738576,E=0.2496748590403307,I=13.10070257588763
,O=215.389402926145,W=180.2871818940264,M=101.384231517913,EQUINOX=J2000,EPOCH=19-JAN-2015:00:00:00,EpochTimeScale=TDBEARTHSOLAR SYSTEMNOASTEROIDAsteroid (22) KalliopeTYPE=ASTEROID,A=2.910811086370775,E=0.1026126721936686,I=13.71800616908085
,O=66.32384713978851,W=357.2358458220123,M=23.27708382605396,EQUINOX=J2000,EPOCH=21-JAN-2002:00:00:00,EpochTimeScale=TDBEARTHSOLAR SYSTEMNOASTEROIDAsteroid (135) HerthaTYPE=ASTEROID,A=2.429120915182235,E=0.2057287123292141,I=2.303965508339807
,O=343.8209847543632,W=340.2277202082004,M=41.18374923605137,EQUINOX=J2000,EPOCH=01-JUN-2012:00:00:00,EpochTimeScale=TDBEARTHSOLAR SYSTEMNOASTEROIDAsteroid (110) LydiaTYPE=ASTEROID,A=2.731859242175385,E=0.08089313772973283,I=5.964976656414284
,O=56.87567806250901,W=283.6371058030182,M=280.9875611270469,EQUINOX=J2000,EPOCH=27-SEP-2015:00:00:00,EpochTimeScale=TDBEARTHCOS/FUVSpectroscopicNoNoG140L1280COS/FUVSpectroscopicNoNoG140L1280COS/FUVSpectroscopicNoNoG140L1280COS/FUVSpectroscopicNoNoG140L1280COS/FUVSpectroscopicNoNoG140L1280/private/var/folders/6x/8zn2m24d7kb3bz89vwsj9tdh0000gp/T/OPVisit10405644567617096723.xmlUsing ephemeris for target 16652-01-LYDIAephemeris data for target 16652-01-LYDIA does not cover planning interval. Physical constraints are assumed to be unschedulable outside of the ephemeris data. Planning interval: 21.213 to 23.089. ephemeris interval: 21.243 to 23.244The scheduling data was generated by CASM 29.2.CASM was run in Phase II mode.(Tic-Visit
:proposal-id 16652
:visit-id "01"
:proposal-version -1
:trans-version "20210514"
:date "16-Sep-2021 13:22:55.0"
:trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0
:FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0)
:number-of-orbits 1
:saa-model "31"
:si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0
:data-volume 52416
:tdrss-contact-duration 0
:coron NIL
)
(Tic-Obset
:proposal-id 16652
:visit-id "01"
:obset-id "01"
:pcs-mode "FGS"
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 16652
:visit-id "01"
:orbit-number 1
:pcs-time 393
:si-vis-utilization 2387
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 334
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 2782
:pcs-gap 0
)true10/private/var/folders/6x/8zn2m24d7kb3bz89vwsj9tdh0000gp/T/OPVisit6145517302701539004.xmlUsing ephemeris for target 16652-02-KALLIOPEephemeris data for target 16652-02-KALLIOPE does not cover planning interval. Physical constraints are assumed to be unschedulable outside of the ephemeris data. Planning interval: 21.213 to 23.089. ephemeris interval: 21.243 to 23.244The scheduling data was generated by CASM 29.2.CASM was run in Phase II mode.(Tic-Visit
:proposal-id 16652
:visit-id "02"
:proposal-version -1
:trans-version "20210514"
:date "16-Sep-2021 13:22:56.0"
:trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0
:FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0)
:number-of-orbits 1
:saa-model "31"
:si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0
:data-volume 52416
:tdrss-contact-duration 0
:coron NIL
)
(Tic-Obset
:proposal-id 16652
:visit-id "02"
:obset-id "02"
:pcs-mode "FGS"
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 16652
:visit-id "02"
:orbit-number 1
:pcs-time 393
:si-vis-utilization 2386
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 334
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 2782
:pcs-gap 0
)true10/private/var/folders/6x/8zn2m24d7kb3bz89vwsj9tdh0000gp/T/OPVisit14638323241699484617.xmlUsing ephemeris for target 16652-03-PSYCHEephemeris data for target 16652-03-PSYCHE does not cover planning interval. Physical constraints are assumed to be unschedulable outside of the ephemeris data. Planning interval: 21.213 to 23.089. ephemeris interval: 21.243 to 23.244The scheduling data was generated by CASM 29.2.CASM was run in Phase II mode.(Tic-Visit
:proposal-id 16652
:visit-id "03"
:proposal-version -1
:trans-version "20210514"
:date "16-Sep-2021 13:22:57.0"
:trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0
:FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0)
:number-of-orbits 1
:saa-model "31"
:si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0
:data-volume 52416
:tdrss-contact-duration 0
:coron NIL
)
(Tic-Obset
:proposal-id 16652
:visit-id "03"
:obset-id "03"
:pcs-mode "FGS"
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 16652
:visit-id "03"
:orbit-number 1
:pcs-time 393
:si-vis-utilization 2386
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 334
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 2782
:pcs-gap 0
)true10/private/var/folders/6x/8zn2m24d7kb3bz89vwsj9tdh0000gp/T/OPVisit6785240765184660720.xmlUsing ephemeris for target 16652-04-HERTHAephemeris data for target 16652-04-HERTHA does not cover planning interval. Physical constraints are assumed to be unschedulable outside of the ephemeris data. Planning interval: 21.213 to 23.089. ephemeris interval: 21.243 to 23.244The scheduling data was generated by CASM 29.2.CASM was run in Phase II mode.(Tic-Visit
:proposal-id 16652
:visit-id "04"
:proposal-version -1
:trans-version "20210514"
:date "16-Sep-2021 13:22:58.0"
:trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0
:FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0)
:number-of-orbits 1
:saa-model "31"
:si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0
:data-volume 52416
:tdrss-contact-duration 0
:coron NIL
)
(Tic-Obset
:proposal-id 16652
:visit-id "04"
:obset-id "04"
:pcs-mode "FGS"
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 16652
:visit-id "04"
:orbit-number 1
:pcs-time 393
:si-vis-utilization 2386
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 334
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 2782
:pcs-gap 0
)true10/private/var/folders/6x/8zn2m24d7kb3bz89vwsj9tdh0000gp/T/OPVisit16021009079055364051.xmlUsing ephemeris for target 16652-05-KLEOPATRAephemeris data for target 16652-05-KLEOPATRA does not cover planning interval. Physical constraints are assumed to be unschedulable outside of the ephemeris data. Planning interval: 21.213 to 23.089. ephemeris interval: 21.243 to 23.244The scheduling data was generated by CASM 29.2.CASM was run in Phase II mode.(Tic-Visit
:proposal-id 16652
:visit-id "05"
:proposal-version -1
:trans-version "20210514"
:date "16-Sep-2021 13:22:59.0"
:trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0
:FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0)
:number-of-orbits 1
:saa-model "31"
:si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0
:data-volume 52416
:tdrss-contact-duration 0
:coron NIL
)
(Tic-Obset
:proposal-id 16652
:visit-id "05"
:obset-id "05"
:pcs-mode "FGS"
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 16652
:visit-id "05"
:orbit-number 1
:pcs-time 393
:si-vis-utilization 2388
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 334
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 2782
:pcs-gap 0
)true10