0 Assigned ID: 2484 ----- Attempting Submission 1 (Fri Apr 09 23:48:19 GMT 2021) ----- HST Phase I Proposal 2484 successfully submitted. Receipt: # 2484-1 ----- Attempting Submission 2 (Fri Apr 09 23:50:44 GMT 2021) ----- Sensitive exposures should have an ETC run number provided. COS FUV PSA science exposures with extended targets have special calibration limitations. See "Errors and Warnings" for more details. COS FUV PSA science exposures with extended targets have special calibration limitations. See "Errors and Warnings" for more details. Sensitive exposures should have an ETC run number provided. COS FUV PSA science exposures with extended targets have special calibration limitations. See "Errors and Warnings" for more details. COS FUV PSA science exposures with extended targets have special calibration limitations. See "Errors and Warnings" for more details. Update target ephmerise to solution JPL K212/9. 2021-10-26: Update target 2 ephemeris to solution JPL #K212/16. Add REQ-EPHEM-COR for visits 05, 06 with a positional uncertainty 5". 2021-10-27: Correct the target 2 uncertainty to km along trajectory (5" = 1500 km at 0.418 au geocentric distance, trajectory almost exactly in sky plane). 1928258511 ----- Attempting Submission 1 (Wed Jul 28 18:27:45 GMT 2021) ----- ----- Attempting Submission 2 (Mon Sep 27 13:35:48 GMT 2021) ----- ----- Attempting Submission 3 (Tue Oct 26 20:11:45 GMT 2021) ----- ----- Attempting Submission 4 (Wed Oct 27 13:29:16 GMT 2021) ----- Two warnings are about ETC for COS/ACQ. We estimated the exposure times based on our previous observations. Four warnings area bout for calibration differences when using the PSA, which have no significant impact to our observations. The return of Rosetta's comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko We request 4 orbits of HST STIS and COS observations of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (hereafter 67P) during its close approach to Earth to obtain large-scale coma measurements for direct comparison with the localized Rosetta spacecraft results. We will measure the bulk production rates (mol/s) of the main volatiles (H2O, CO2, and CO), search for extended sources of volatiles in the coma, and investigate the sulphur chemistry of 67P. HST's sensitivity and spectroscopic abilities in the Far Ultraviolet make it uniquely capable to simultaneously measure the Far-Ultraviolet atomic and molecular emission of chemically coupled or otherwise interdependent species in the 100-15,000 km of the coma (i.e. CS, S, and S2 ; CO, CO2+ and OH). Observations that can connect the results for the inner coma with that of fragment species more typically observed at scales of 1000s of km (A'Hearn 2017) are essential to interpret large surveys of chemical abundances of comets. The details of how comets formed still need to be worked out by the modellers, but we need to make sure that the inputs for those models have had observational biases removed. The observation should be executed between October 14 and December 20, 2021, which brackets the close approach of the comet to Earth on November 2 at 0.42 au. We plan to dedicate two consecutive orbits for exposures with STIS G230L exposures, and two consecutive orbits for exposures with COS G160M. The STIS exposures and COS exposures should be executed within one week. For the STIS observations, we request that the slit orientation is aligned within 30 deg perpendicular to the sun-comet direction, which is allowed by the HST roll angle range during our observing window. We plan to observe comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko for a total of 4 orbits, split between the STIS and COS instruments. Timing requirements: We request that the observations are acquired around closest approach at 0.42 AU on UT Nov. 2, 2021, but allow for a window of 2 months because the 2021 apparition of the comet is very favorable and the comet remains within 0.45 AU from Earth between Oct. 14 - Dec. 20, 2021, during which the brightness only varies between v ~ 10.14 to 10.85 mag. Although we request that the exposures are acquired close in time to each other so that we can add them together to improve the SNR, we do not require that all exposures are acquired in consecutive orbits, conforming to the limit of 2 consecutive orbits for observations of moving targets for Cycle 29. Instead, we request that the 2 STIS exposures are acquired back-to-back and that the 2 COS exposures are also acquired back-to-back within a week of the STIS exposures. VIsibility: While 67P is relatively nearby during its closest approach at 0.4 au, it's apparent motion on the sky is about 136 arcsec/motion, which is well within HST's tracking capabilities. During the window UT Oct. 14, 2021 - Dec. 20, 2021, the comet is far outside the solar constraint with a solar elongation between 110-136 degrees. The comet is within the lunar constraint of 9 degrees on Oct. 26 - 27, 2021, and Nov. 24 - 25, and these days should be avoided. Observation design: A: We will use 2 orbits of STIS G230L/NUV-MAMA centered at 2376 A with a 52x0.5 arcsec aperture to get OH at 2835 A and 3085 A; CS at 2576 A; CO2+ at 2890 A, and S2 between 2830-3050 A. We would like to orient the STIS long slit close to the perpendicular direction with respect to the sun-comet line, in order to create a spatial profile of the gas distribution. Based on the ephemeris of 67P in October 2021 and the APT Phase II planning tool, the permitted range of roll angles for HST when pointing at 67P is about 230 - 290 deg, allowing the slit to be oriented within 30 deg of our desired orientation, which is about 185 deg position angle (east of north). Each orbit will consist of an ACQ image, a spectroscopic exposure, and finished by direct imaging for context. Because we do not need more than two consecutive orbits, we will disable moving target gyro bias update to maximize visibility time. B: 2 orbits of COS/FUV G160M center 1623 A, to detect the SI multiplets at 1667 A and 1479 A; to detect the CO Fourth Positive Group emission features (1400 - 1700 A), and to detect the CI features at 1561 A and 1657 A. Each orbit will consist of an ACQ and two exposures with two different FP-POS. We will disable moving target gyro bias update to maximize visibility time for these two orbits as well. Target aquisition: The 3-sigma ephemerise uncertainty of target during our observing window is up to 1.2" based on JPL Horizons, which is well within the target acquisition region for both STIS and COS. There is no need to use ACQ/SEARCH for COS. The team has extensive experience with HST and consists of expert observers, modelers, and data analysts, who have developed sophisticated techniques for measuring and interpreting comet activity and composition. All team members will aid in integrating the results from the different instruments and will be involved in the preparation of scientific publications. The team's recent successful campaign to characterize the UV atomic and molecular abundance interstellar comet 2I/Borisov (GO-16049) and of comet 46P/Wirtanen (GO-15625), and their program to place them in a unique position to assess the unique diagnostics available in the HST UV observations of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The PI and team leader Dennis Bodewits (Auburn U.) is an expert on comet activity and coma physics and brings experience with the Rosetta and EPOXI comet missions. He has led several comet observing campaigns for several orbiting telescopes, including comet observations with HST, Chandra, XMM-Newton, and the Neil Gehrels-Swift Observatory. Jian-Yang Li is an expert comet observer who has successfully led and/or participated in over 20 HST programs. John Noonan (U. Arizona/LPL) and Joel Parker (SwRI) are Rosetta Alice team members and are experts in the analysis of cometary Far-Ultraviolet observations. Owing to their experience with 67P, they have intimate knowledge of the behavior of different emission features in a range of cometary environments. Parker also has led and/or participated in over 20 HST programs as well as UV observations with the Astro, New Horizons, LRO, and SWUIS missions and suborbital rockets. Colin Snodgras (Royal Observatory Edinburgh) led the ground based observing campaign of 67P during the Rosetta mission and is the deputy PI for ESA's Comet Interceptor mission. Kathy Mandt (JHU/APL) is an expert in cometary plasma physics who is a team member of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium instrument team. Walt Harris (U. Arizona/LPL) specializes in Far Ultraviolet spectroscopy and the development of instrumentation for ground, suborbital, and space based remote sensing. Davide Farnocchia (JPL) is an expert in characterizing and modeling the orbits of small bodies in the solar system and has provided critical support in the past HST observations of comets for the ephemerides updates. Kumar Venkataramani (Auburn U.) and Zexi Xing (Auburn U./Hong Kong U.) are early career scientists who are being trained in the analysis of ultraviolet observations of comets using HST and Swift. Solar System Astronomy 6 false false true false false false false false SUPPORTED SOLAR SYSTEM YES COMET Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko TYPE=COMET,Q=1.210613814968979,E=0.649713733698611,I=3.871753825377044 ,O=36.33518841638918,W=22.13089737728478,T=02-NOV-2021:01:28:47,TTimeScale=TDB,EQUINOX=J2000,EPOCH=18-OCT-2021:00:00:00,EpochTimeScale=TDB EARTH SOLAR SYSTEM YES COMET Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko TYPE=COMET,Q=1.210613663849778,E=0.649700834587701,I=3.871699730539964 ,O=36.33530311531698,W=22.13248241862631,T=02-NOV-2021:01:31:23,TTimeScale=TDB,EQUINOX=J2000,EPOCH=15-NOV-2021:00:00:00,EpochTimeScale=TDB EARTH COS/FUV Spectroscopic No No G160M 1623 STIS/NUV-MAMA Spectroscopic No No G230L 2376 Timing link suitability includes constraints ([02 After 01 by 0.1 to 0.1 days]) The scheduling data was generated by CASM 29.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. /System/Volumes/Data/solaris/user1/sherwin/16770/OP-cache/16770-v01.xml 1634526285000 258.3186200122923 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 16770 :visit-id "01" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20210514" :date "29-Sep-2021 11:41:50.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "24" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 124208 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 16770 :visit-id "01" :obset-id "01" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 16770 :visit-id "01" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 393 :si-vis-utilization 2465 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 434 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3142 :pcs-gap 0 ) false 1 0 Timing link suitability includes constraints ([Sequence (02 03) within 7.0 days] [Sequence (02 04) within 7.0 days] [02 After 01 by 0.1 to 0.1 days] [03 After 02 by 0.0 to 7.0 days]) The scheduling data was generated by CASM 29.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. /System/Volumes/Data/solaris/user1/sherwin/16770/OP-cache/16770-v02.xml 1634532003000 258.3186200122923 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 16770 :visit-id "02" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20210514" :date "29-Sep-2021 11:42:17.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "24" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 124208 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 16770 :visit-id "02" :obset-id "02" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 16770 :visit-id "02" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 393 :si-vis-utilization 2465 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 434 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3142 :pcs-gap 0 ) false 1 0 Timing link suitability includes constraints ([Sequence (02 03) within 7.0 days] [03 After 02 by 0.0 to 7.0 days] [04 After 03 by 0.1 to 0.1 days]) The scheduling data was generated by CASM 29.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. /System/Volumes/Data/solaris/user1/sherwin/16770/OP-cache/16770-v03.xml 1634846503000 264.0 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 16770 :visit-id "03" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20210514" :date "29-Sep-2021 11:43:30.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "31" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 34944 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 16770 :visit-id "03" :obset-id "03" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 16770 :visit-id "03" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 393 :si-vis-utilization 2478 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 334 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3142 :pcs-gap 0 ) false 1 0 Timing link suitability includes constraints ([Sequence (02 04) within 7.0 days] [04 After 03 by 0.1 to 0.1 days]) The scheduling data was generated by CASM 29.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. /System/Volumes/Data/solaris/user1/sherwin/16770/OP-cache/16770-v04.xml 1634852221000 266.06082148819223 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 16770 :visit-id "04" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20210514" :date "29-Sep-2021 11:43:35.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "31" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 34944 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 16770 :visit-id "04" :obset-id "04" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 16770 :visit-id "04" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 393 :si-vis-utilization 2478 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 334 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3142 :pcs-gap 0 ) false 1 0 Using ephemeris for target 16770-05-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO-V5 ephemeris data for target 16770-05-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO-V5 does not cover planning interval. Physical constraints are assumed to be unschedulable outside of the ephemeris data. Planning interval: 21.261 to 23.089. ephemeris interval: 21.273 to 23.274 Timing link suitability includes constraints ([06 After 05 by 0.1 to 0.1 days]) The scheduling data was generated by CASM 29.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 16770 :visit-id "05" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20210514" :date "27-Oct-2021 09:27:58.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "24" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 124208 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 16770 :visit-id "05" :obset-id "05" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 16770 :visit-id "05" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 393 :si-vis-utilization 2465 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 434 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3142 :pcs-gap 0 ) false 1 0 Using ephemeris for target 16770-06-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO-V5 ephemeris data for target 16770-06-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO-V5 does not cover planning interval. Physical constraints are assumed to be unschedulable outside of the ephemeris data. Planning interval: 21.261 to 23.089. ephemeris interval: 21.273 to 23.274 Timing link suitability includes constraints ([06 After 05 by 0.1 to 0.1 days]) The scheduling data was generated by CASM 29.2. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 16770 :visit-id "06" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20210514" :date "27-Oct-2021 09:28:00.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "24" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 124208 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 16770 :visit-id "06" :obset-id "06" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 16770 :visit-id "06" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 393 :si-vis-utilization 2465 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 434 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3142 :pcs-gap 0 ) false 1 0