0 Assigned ID: 3642 ----- Attempting Submission 1 (Fri Mar 25 22:32:31 GMT 2022) ----- 0 ----- Attempting Submission 1 (Thu Jul 14 10:11:28 GMT 2022) ----- Proper Motions of Extragalactic Jets with HST: A New Epoch While we have long known that jets from super-massive black holes exhibit highly relativistic speeds on parsec scales from radio interferometry, it is not generally known how the jet evolves on kpc to Mpc scales, where the jet leaves the host galaxy and begins to interact with the intergalactic medium, with implications for our understanding of jet structure and quantifying the energy carried by the jet into the external environment. With the development of state-of-the-art astrometry techniques and new data from the Gaia mission, it is now possible register images of nearby jets first observed by HST in the 1990s to extremely high precision, reaching accuracies on proper motions of better than 0.3 mas/year. This enabled the dramatic finding of colliding superluminal knots in the jet of 3C264 and helical motions of plasma on kpc scales in M87. We propose a new epoch on the 7 remaining nearby optical jets which have been previously observed by HST for proper motions. This sample is an extremely unique one, and only HST can provide the precision astrometry and sensitivity needed to track the motion of plasma in jets on kpc scales. This is a proposal to observe 7 optical jets previously discovered by HST, for the purpose of detecting proper motions of the plasma in the jet. As these have been previously observed by HST in the same instrument/filter, it is a relatively straightforward program. In most cases, the jet is a relatively faint, extended structure on several-arcsecond scales, extending out from a bright central AGN (the 'core'). For all visits, we use ORIENT constraints so that any potential diffraction spikes from the central AGN (or other nearby bright sources) will not run over the faint jet. Subarrays are used to enable shorter exposures which will reduce the likelihood of core saturation. E. Meyer is an expert on multi-wavelength imaging of jets and has extensive experience with using HST to observe jets both for continuum and polarization emission and with precision astrometry for tracking proper motions, and has published many papers on optical jets observed with HST. W. Sparks, E. Perlman, and M. Chiaberge are also experts with observing with HST generally and in jet observations in particular. R. van der Marel and J. Anderson are experts in astrometry with HST. M. Georganopoulos is providing theory support and is an expert in both numerical and analytical work on jet theory. Supermassive Black Holes and Active Galaxies 6 false false false false false false false false SUPPORTED GALAXY DISK JET QUASAR RADIO GALAXY This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. J2000 J2000 GALAXY JET KNOT QUASAR RADIO GALAXY Reported V-mag is roughly extrapolated from the Gaia magnitude, which should mainly be from the central nuclear/core region. Total galaxy magnitude is much brighter, at 13.8. J2000 J2000 GALAXY DISK JET KNOT QUASAR RADIO GALAXY This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. J2000 J2000 GALAXY JET KNOT NUCLEUS RADIO GALAXY This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. J2000 J2000 GALAXY JET KNOT NUCLEUS RADIO GALAXY This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. J2000 J2000 GALAXY JET KNOT NUCLEUS RADIO GALAXY This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. J2000 J2000 GALAXY JET KNOT NUCLEUS RADIO GALAXY NOTE: This target was accidentally specified as the southern source 4c-04.77 in the phase 1 proposal. We have corrected the target position to be 4C+04.77, located at RA 22 hr and +04 dec. J2000 ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W ACS/WFC Imaging No No F606W The scheduling data was generated by CASM 30.3. CASM was run in Phase II mode. 3C 15 is an optical jet hosted by an elliptical galaxy. We have used orient constraints to ensure no diffraction spikes from the core and another nearby bright source overrun the jet. 1694259503000 288.0 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 17197 :visit-id "01" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20220516" :date "14-Jul-2022 13:09:46.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "27" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 355392 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 17197 :visit-id "01" :obset-id "01" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 17197 :visit-id "01" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 383 :si-vis-utilization 2757 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 114 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3142 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 30.3. CASM was run in Phase II mode. The target is an optical jet hosted by a Vmag=13.8 elliptical galaxy. The field is relatively empty with no major nearby bright sources to require any special considerations. Orent constraints are specified to ensure that the bright core of the galaxy does not produce any saturation spikes which could over run the jet. We are using a subarray to enable shorter exposures to reduce saturation in the bright core. 1669661216000 15.0 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 17197 :visit-id "02" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20220516" :date "14-Jul-2022 13:00:30.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "27" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 426464 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 17197 :visit-id "02" :obset-id "02" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 17197 :visit-id "02" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 383 :si-vis-utilization 2756 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 269 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3142 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 32.1. CASM was run in Phase II mode. /private/var/folders/w_/lrgrpxmn21l5cct7f1x383qw0002kw/T/OPVisit14242248889004147675.xml The appearance of the target in the optical is mainly dominated by the host elliptical galaxy which is moderately bright (Vmag=15). The jet itself runs to the northwest (PA approx 45 deg N->W) and is about 10" arcseconds long. The main difficulties for the observation are two very bright, somewhat nearby sources -- one about 80" directly north (Vmag=9) and one about 80" south (Vmag=11.65). The orient ranges are specified to completely avoid having the brighter source on the WFC1 detector (where our target lies). In addition, we avoid roll angles where either the core of the host galaxy for our jet OR the Vmag=11.65 source to the south could possibly produce saturation spikes which would overrun the jet. We also avoid angles where bright sources would land at the edge of the detectors. Overall the field is crowded with bright sources, so we have opted for relatively short exposures (~ 300 seconds). (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 17197 :visit-id "03" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20240604" :date "18-Jun-2024 16:00:38.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "27" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 426464 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 17197 :visit-id "03" :obset-id "03" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 17197 :visit-id "03" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 380 :si-vis-utilization 2666 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 269 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3049 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 30.3. CASM was run in Phase II mode. The target is an optical jet pointed towards the southwest, approximately 6 arcseconds long. The host galaxy and central nucleus are very bright (V-mag 12) and saturated in the previous imaging, so we have opted for relatively short exposures ~220 seconds, to lessen the diffraction spikes/core saturation. Orient constraints are specified to avoid the bright core from producing diffraction spikes over the jet. POS TARGS are used both for dithering and to place the target near to the WFC1 readouts to lessen CTE. 1694739934000 115.0 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 17197 :visit-id "04" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20220516" :date "14-Jul-2022 13:09:47.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "27" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 568624 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 17197 :visit-id "04" :obset-id "04" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 17197 :visit-id "04" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 383 :si-vis-utilization 3094 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 347 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3486 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 30.3. CASM was run in Phase II mode. Target is an optical jet approximately 45 degrees south of west. The host elliptical has a bright core - Vmag = 13. We have thus adopted relatively short exposures, and orient constraints to avoid diffraction spikes over the jet. 1686977218000 180.0 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 17197 :visit-id "06" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20220516" :date "14-Jul-2022 13:09:48.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "27" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 568656 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 17197 :visit-id "06" :obset-id "06" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 17197 :visit-id "06" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 383 :si-vis-utilization 2806 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 347 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3200 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 30.3. CASM was run in Phase II mode. Orient constraints are specified to avoid the bright core from producing diffraction spikes over the jet. POS TARGS and ORIENT constraints are used both for dithering and to place the target near to the WFC1 readouts to lessen CTE and to avoid having bright sources too near to the chip edge. 1691663027000 96.89999999999998 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 17197 :visit-id "07" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20220516" :date "14-Jul-2022 13:09:49.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "27" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 355392 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 17197 :visit-id "07" :obset-id "07" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 17197 :visit-id "07" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 383 :si-vis-utilization 2772 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 114 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3156 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 30.3. CASM was run in Phase II mode. The target is an optical jet, of several arcseconds length pointed in the northwest direction. The host galaxy is an elliptical with a bright core. We have used orient constraints to avoid having the diffraction spikes run over the jet, also taking into account other nearby bright sources. 1682204898000 258.5459214208 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 17197 :visit-id "08" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20220516" :date "14-Jul-2022 13:09:33.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "27" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 426464 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 17197 :visit-id "08" :obset-id "08" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 17197 :visit-id "08" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 383 :si-vis-utilization 2756 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 269 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3142 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0