0 Assigned ID: 4360 ----- Attempting Submission 1 (Wed May 24 15:26:27 GMT 2023) ----- FLASH level may be too low for this exposure or a short subexposure. See extended explanation in the diagnostic browser As noted in the description of the observations, there is a warning that FLASH levels may be too low for some exposures, but as recommended we are using the FLASH levels recommended by the ETC. 2137262690 ----- Attempting Submission 1 (Wed Sep 13 15:06:39 GMT 2023) ----- As noted in the description of the observations, there is a warning that FLASH levels may be too low for some exposures, but as recommended we are using the FLASH levels recommended by the ETC. Spatially Resolving the Baryon Cycle at z~2-3 Galactic outflows powered by star formation are a key driver of the baryon cycle, regulating star formation in galaxies and the gaseous content of the circumgalactic medium across cosmic time. We propose to combine high resolution, spatially resolved stellar population measurements from broadband HST imaging with spatially resolved measurements of gas flows from the Keck Cosmic Web Imager (KCWI; all data is already in hand), in order to assess the relationships between star-formation-driven outflows, galactic structure and stellar populations at the peak epoch of star formation. Our sample consists of ten gravitationally lensed galaxies at z~2-3, including some of the brightest lensed galaxies known. We have already obtained and analyzed the necessary HST imaging for three objects in the sample, and this combined archival + GO proposal completes the wavelength coverage with five orbits of new WFC3 imaging and extensive leverage of the archive for the remaining galaxies. The exquisite spatial resolution of HST combined with both the magnification of gravitational lensing and the power of Keck to probe the rest-frame UV will provide important new constraints on the baryon cycle, enabling us to discriminate between local outflows that depend on the properties of individual star-forming regions and global outflows that cover the entire source. The proposed new observations will also increase the legacy value of the existing data for these template galaxies. The goal of this proposal is to use WFC3-UVIS/IR to obtain both broadband imaging of four gravitationally lensed galaxies. The program consists of 5 orbits, with each orbit observing with either the UVIS or IR instrument. When the IR instrument is used, observations in two filters will be obtained. We will use the UVIS-C1K1C-CTE aperture for the WFC3-UVIS F606W and F814W observations. We will employ the UVIS-DITHER-BOX pattern in order to enable rejection of cosmic rays and detector artifacts. For the F814W observations the ETC predicts 19 background e- for a 596s exposure, and we therefore add FLASH=1 to reach the recommended level of 20. Note that this differs from the APT background prediction, which is lower and therefore recommends more FLASH. As advised by the APT warning, we use the ETC predictions. We will also use a four-point box dither for the IR observations in F125W and F160W. Both filters will be observed in the same orbit, and we employ the SPARS25 sampling sequence to maximise exposure times. Impacts of reduced gyro operations on this program are relatively minimal, since this is a short and simple imaging program with no orient or timing constraints and one target per orbit. PI Prof. Dawn Erb has extensive experience in the imaging and spectroscopy of high redshift galaxies, including UV absorption line spectroscopy (Erb et al. 2010, 2012), the study of lensed galaxies (Erb et al. 2019), and integral field spectrocopy with KCWI (Erb et al. 2023). Dr. Matthew Auger is an expert on gravitational lensing, and has constructed lens models for large numbers of high redshift galaxies; those recently studied by our team include Berg et al 2018, Erb et al 2019, and Citro et al 2021, 2023. Prof. Danielle Berg is a leader in spectroscopic surveys of galaxies, with particular expertise in the analysis of both UV and optical spectra (Berg et al 2018, 2019, 2021, 2022; Olivier et al 2021) Dr. Annalisa Citro is an expert in the spectroscopy of galaxies, with particular experience in the analysis of the UV spectra of gravitationally lensed sources (Citro et al 2021, Citro et al 2023, submitted). Dr. Bethan James is a leader in spectroscopic studies of both local galaxies and more distant lensed sources, specializing in the spatial variations of metallicity and gas flows with both UV and optical spectra (James et al. 2014, 2016, 2018, 2020). Prof. Max Pettini is one of the leading experts on the study is of gravitationally lensed galaxies, having pioneered the field with detailed analysis of the lensed galaxy MS1512-cB58 (Pettini et al 2001, 2002) and worked on many other analyses of lensed galaxies (e.g. Quider et al 2009, 2010, James et al 2014, 2018). References: Berg, D. A., Chisholm, J., Erb, D. K., et al. 2019, ApJ, 878, L3 -. 2021, ApJ, 922, 170 Berg, D. A., Erb, D. K., Auger, M. W., et al. 2018, ApJ, 859, 164 Berg, D. A., James, B. L., King, T., et al. 2022, ApJS, 261, 31 Citro, A., Erb, D. K., Pettini, M., et al. 2021, ApJ, 922, 187 Erb, D. K. 2008, ApJ, 674, 151 Erb, D. K., Berg, D. A., Auger, M. W., et al. 2019, ApJ, 884, 7 Erb, D. K., Li, Z., Steidel, C. C., et al. 2023, ApJ in press, arXiv:2210.02465 Erb, D. K., Pettini, M., Shapley, A. E., et al. 2010, ApJ, 719, 1168 Erb, D. K., Quider, A. M., Henry, A. L., & Martin, C. L. 2012, ApJ, 759, 26 James, B. L., Auger, M., Aloisi, A., et al. 2016, ApJ, 816, 40 James, B. L., Auger, M., Pettini, M., et al. 2018, MNRAS, 476, 1726 James, B. L., Kumari, N., Emerick, A., et al. 2020, MNRAS, 495, 2564 James, B. L., Pettini, M., Christensen, L., et al. 2014, MNRAS, 440, 1794 Olivier, G. M., Berg, D. A., Chisholm, J., et al. 2022, ApJ, 938, 16 Pettini, M., Rix, S. A., Steidel, C. C., et al. 2002, ApJ, 569, 742 Pettini, M., Steidel, C. C., Adelberger, K. L., et al. 2000, ApJ, 528, 96 Quider, A. M., Pettini, M., Shapley, A. E., & Steidel, C. C. 2009, MNRAS, 398, 1263 Quider, A. M., Shapley, A. 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