Final submission 2 937883368 Assigned ID: 4645 ----- Attempting Submission 1 (Wed May 24 21:01:48 GMT 2023) ----- HST Phase I Proposal 4645 successfully submitted. Receipt: # 4645-1 ----- Attempting Submission 2 (Wed May 24 22:46:20 GMT 2023) ----- HST Phase I Proposal 4645 successfully submitted. Receipt: # 4645-2 ----- Attempting Submission 3 (Wed May 24 23:32:29 GMT 2023) ----- This target is not used in this proposal. This target is not used in this proposal. This target is not used in this proposal. This target is not used in this proposal. This target is not used in this proposal. This target is not used in this proposal. This target is not used in this proposal. This pattern is not used in this proposal. This pattern is not used in this proposal. ORBITAL VISIBILITY OVERRUN Made updates related to HOPRs 93383, 93387, 93397. 850131968 ----- Attempting Submission 1 (Tue Sep 05 20:36:43 GMT 2023) ----- HST Phase II Proposal 17474 successfully submitted. Receipt: # 17474-1 ----- Attempting Submission 2 (Sun Sep 10 20:25:15 GMT 2023) ----- Your proposal could not be saved. Submission aborted. ----- Attempting Submission 3 (Fri Sep 13 17:13:39 GMT 2024) ----- HST Phase II Proposal 17474 successfully submitted. Receipt: # 17474-3 ----- Attempting Submission 4 (Fri Sep 13 21:08:31 GMT 2024) ----- ----- Attempting Submission 5 (Wed Oct 02 16:35:24 GMT 2024) ----- ----- Attempting Submission 6 (Wed Aug 27 00:49:01 GMT 2025) ----- ----- Attempting Submission 7 (Fri Sep 05 16:21:01 GMT 2025) ----- ----- Attempting Submission 8 (Mon Oct 06 20:20:34 GMT 2025) ----- ----- Attempting Submission 9 (Mon Oct 20 20:13:16 GMT 2025) ----- ----- Attempting Submission 10 (Wed Dec 03 18:26:12 GMT 2025) ----- Warnings/errors not related to visits 36,37. Pioneering Precision: Advancing Cosmology with the First Statistical Sample of Gravitationally Lensed Supernovae There is a 5-sigma tension between local measurements of the Hubble constant (H0) from Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), and the value inferred using late universe constraints from the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Independent measurements of H0 can help resolve the tension by agreeing with one method or the other, but a ~2.7% uncertainty is needed to distinguish between the values. The first H0 measurement from observing the multiple images of a gravitationally lensed SN (glSN) was recently made using SN Refsdal (6% precision), paving the way for glSNe to realize their promise as precise and single-step cosmological probes. This program will pursue complete follow-up campaigns for up to three glSNe using target of opportunity (ToO) observations over Cycles 31 & 32, which combined with the current sample (two glSNe) will enable a ~2.7% measurement of H0. GlSNe also have unique leverage on dark energy properties, such that this program alone will increase our best dark energy constraints by 40%. The total request for this proposal is 45 HST imaging orbits (15 per glSN) and 8.1 JWST NIRSpec hours (2.7 per glSN, with all overheads), which includes all observations necessary to deliver our cosmological measurements. This program has three ToO activations, with join JWST observations. A preliminary JWST APT is being submitted alongside the HST phase II. Due to the variable nature of the targets for this program, we cannot create an exhaustive set of observations. However we have created three plausible trigger visits, and some combination of those visits will be used to fill out the remaining orbits across the three triggers. As each target is identified, we will create a tailored follow-up campaign for that trigger. Reduced Gyro Operations comments: As this is a ToO program, operating on reduced gyros would have a significant impact in terms of both the loss in field of regard, and the slower response time of the observatory. The program can still be successful in this scenario, but we may not be able to trigger on every possible target, even those that will be quite attractive. These observations are also intended to be scheduled in conjunction with JWST, which is more difficult in a reduced gyro operations scenario. The LensWatch team brings together researchers with deep experience using HST for SN science and those with expertise in gravitational lensing studies. We are engaged in complementary programs that have led to the most precise measurements of the Hubble constant to date, both through the Cepheid+SNIa distance ladder (Riess et al. 2019), and using strongly-lensed quasar time delays (see, e.g., Suyu et al. 2017). From >25 previous HST programs, our team members have published over 300 journal articles on these topics. PI Pierel is PI of the LensWatch collaboration, which has executed HST observations for 2 previous lensed SNe. He has also led or contributed to time delay measurements for 4 lensed SNe, including both of those useable for cosmology. Pierel has extensive experience planning HST and JWST programs, measuring HST photometry, and fitting SN light curve models. He extended most of the existing light curve models to the infrared for use with JWST, and created the SNTD software package used for time delay measurements. Co-I Hjorth has a broad background in transients, cosmology, galaxies, dust, time delays, lensing, strategy. Co-I Birrer is an expert in lens modeling and time-delay cosmographic analyses. Co-I Jha has expertise in HST and JWST observations and analysis of supernovae. Co-I Arendse is an expert in lens modeling, lensed supernova simulations and Hubble constant inference Co-I Poidevin is an expert in SN classification and ground-based spectroscopy. Co-I Shajib has expertise in strong lens modeling and dynamical modeling of the lens galaxy, and measuring the Hubble constant from time delays, i.e., time-delay cosmography. Co-Is Talbot and Moustakas are experts in dark matter, gravitational lensing, time domain astrophysics and have developed the largest database of gravitational lenses. Co-I Dhawan is an expert in searching for lensed SNe, time-delay inference, cosmology, SN lightcurve simulations. Co-I Christensen is an expert in host galaxy spectroscopic analysis and measuring spectroscopic redshifts. Co-I Perez-Fournon is an expert in SNe classification and follow-up (GTC, etc.) Co-I Canameras is an expert in strong lensing and galaxy evolution through multiwavelength observations. Co-I Treu is an expert in gravitational lensing, time delays, HST and contributed significantly to the H0 measurement with SN Refsdal. Co-I Larison is an expert in SNIa cosmology and has contributed to the lensed SNe observed by LensWatch. Co-I Suyu is an expert in strong lensing and time-delay cosmography, particularly with quasars. Co-Is Engesser, Fox, and Rest are members of the MIRI and NIRCam teams at STScI, and have enormous expertise with JWST instruments and data reduction. Co-Is Foley, Gomez, Siebert, Shabandeh, Wang, Gezari, and Zenati are SN experts with significant experience classifying SNe from rest-frame UV-NIR spectroscopy and photometry. Co-I Strolger is an expert in high-z SN properties, the rates of SNe, and has contributed to each of the LensWatch lensed SN observations. Co-I Kelly led the H0 measurement of SN Refsdal, as well as the JWST DD program to observed the glSN 2022riv. Co-I Chen led a JWST DD program for high-z SN spectroscopy, the analysis of an archival glSN, and is an expert in NIRSPec MSA setup and reduction. Large Scale Structure of the Universe Stellar Physics and Stellar Types 0 false false false false false false false SUPPORTED EXT-STAR SUPERNOVA NO J2000 EXT-STAR SUPERNOVA NO J2000 EXT-STAR SUPERNOVA NO J2000 EXT-STAR SUPERNOVA NO J2000 EXT-STAR SUPERNOVA NO J2000 EXT-STAR SUPERNOVA NO J2000 EXT-STAR SUPERNOVA J2000 EXT-STAR SUPERNOVA J2000 EXT-STAR SUPERNOVA J2000 EXT-STAR SUPERNOVA First glSN discovery deemed suitable for cosmology. Second glSN discovery deemed suitable for cosmology. Third glSN discovery deemed suitable for cosmology. WFC3/IR Imaging No No F110W WFC3/IR Imaging No No F160W WFC3/IR Imaging No No F110W WFC3/IR Imaging No No F160W WFC3/UVIS Imaging No No F814W WFC3/IR Imaging No No F110W WFC3/IR Imaging No No F160W POS-TARG DITHER 0.605 LINE false false 3 41.788 WFC3-IR-DITHER-LINE-3PT 1 false POS-TARG DITHER 0.135 LINE false false 3 46.84 WFC3-UVIS-DITHER-LINE-3PT 2 false POS-TARG DITHER 0.2637 LINE 0.1856 false false 69.02 4 20.7 ACS-WFC-DITHER-BOX 3 false POS-TARG DITHER 0.173 LINE 0.112 false false 81.785 4 23.884 WFC3-UVIS-DITHER-BOX 4 false Timing link suitability includes constraints ([12 After 11 by 8.0 to 16.0 days]) The scheduling data was generated by CASM 32.1.3. 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Alternate ortbit setup for a lower-z glSN. 1760010844000 270.0 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "31" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20250624" :date "06-Oct-2025 15:41:55.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 1 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 3 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 3667904 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "31" :obset-id "31" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "31" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 380 :si-vis-utilization 2487 :al-overhead-at-end 121 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 2867 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "31" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 380 :si-vis-utilization 2484 :al-overhead-at-end 120 :internal-dur-at-end 31 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 2867 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "31" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 380 :si-vis-utilization 2494 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 709 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 2867 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 3 1 Timing link suitability includes constraints ([32 After 31 by 6.0 to 12.0 days] [33 After 32 by 6.0 to 12.0 days]) The scheduling data was generated by CASM 33.1. CASM was run in Phase II mode. Alternate ortbit setup for a lower-z glSN. 1760989124000 298.4956843552906 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "32" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20250624" :date "06-Oct-2025 15:43:05.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 1 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 3 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 3667904 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "32" :obset-id "32" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "32" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 380 :si-vis-utilization 2487 :al-overhead-at-end 121 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 2867 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "32" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 380 :si-vis-utilization 2484 :al-overhead-at-end 120 :internal-dur-at-end 31 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 2867 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "32" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 380 :si-vis-utilization 2494 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 709 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 2867 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 3 1 Timing link suitability includes constraints ([33 After 32 by 6.0 to 12.0 days] [34 After 33 by 6.0 to 12.0 days]) The scheduling data was generated by CASM 33.1. CASM was run in Phase II mode. Alternate ortbit setup for a lower-z glSN. 1761915940000 311.67346449999434 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "33" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20250624" :date "06-Oct-2025 15:43:07.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 1 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 3 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 3667904 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "33" :obset-id "33" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "33" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 380 :si-vis-utilization 2487 :al-overhead-at-end 121 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 2867 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "33" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 380 :si-vis-utilization 2484 :al-overhead-at-end 120 :internal-dur-at-end 31 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 2867 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "33" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 380 :si-vis-utilization 2494 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 709 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 2867 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 3 1 Timing link suitability includes constraints ([34 After 33 by 6.0 to 12.0 days] [35 After 34 by 6.0 to 12.0 days]) The scheduling data was generated by CASM 33.1. CASM was run in Phase II mode. Alternate ortbit setup for a lower-z glSN. 1762854424000 328.5426915284225 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "34" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20250624" :date "20-Oct-2025 16:10:23.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 1 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 3 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 3667904 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "34" :obset-id "34" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "34" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 380 :si-vis-utilization 2487 :al-overhead-at-end 121 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 2867 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "34" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 380 :si-vis-utilization 2487 :al-overhead-at-end 121 :internal-dur-at-end 31 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 2867 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "34" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 380 :si-vis-utilization 2494 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 709 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 2867 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 3 1 Timing link suitability includes constraints ([35 After 34 by 6.0 to 12.0 days]) The scheduling data was generated by CASM 33.1. CASM was run in Phase II mode. Alternate ortbit setup for a lower-z glSN. 1763538188000 335.30204588659853 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "35" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20250624" :date "20-Oct-2025 16:11:25.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 1 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 3 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 3667904 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "35" :obset-id "35" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "35" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 380 :si-vis-utilization 2487 :al-overhead-at-end 121 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 2867 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "35" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 380 :si-vis-utilization 2487 :al-overhead-at-end 121 :internal-dur-at-end 31 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 2867 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "35" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 380 :si-vis-utilization 2494 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 709 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 2867 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 3 1 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 33.1. CASM was run in Phase II mode. Alternate ortbit setup for a lower-z glSN. 1765968047000 29.72335301495059 (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "36" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20250929" :date "03-Dec-2025 12:44:24.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 1 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 3 :saa-model "29" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 3870816 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "36" :obset-id "36" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "36" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 380 :si-vis-utilization 2487 :al-overhead-at-end 121 :internal-dur-at-end 31 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 2867 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "36" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 380 :si-vis-utilization 2494 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 2867 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "36" :orbit-number 3 :pcs-time 380 :si-vis-utilization 2466 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 709 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 2867 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 3 1 The scheduling data was generated by CASM 33.1. CASM was run in Phase II mode. Alternate ortbit setup for a lower-z glSN. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "37" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20250929" :date "03-Dec-2025 12:44:18.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 2 :saa-model "30" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 2715808 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "37" :obset-id "37" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "37" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 380 :si-vis-utilization 2466 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 0 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 2867 :pcs-gap 0 ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 17474 :visit-id "37" :orbit-number 2 :pcs-time 380 :si-vis-utilization 2446 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 709 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 2867 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 2 0