Fourth submission. This time I hit compile on the overleaf the PDF actually says what I want it to.
-418546321
Assigned ID: 6177
----- Attempting Submission 1 (Tue Apr 08 20:54:22 GMT 2025) -----
HST Phase I Proposal 6177 successfully submitted.
Receipt: # 6177-1
----- Attempting Submission 2 (Thu Apr 10 21:48:19 GMT 2025) -----
HST Phase I Proposal 6177 successfully submitted.
Receipt: # 6177-2
----- Attempting Submission 3 (Thu Apr 10 23:44:40 GMT 2025) -----
HST Phase I Proposal 6177 successfully submitted.
Receipt: # 6177-3
----- Attempting Submission 4 (Thu Apr 10 23:52:47 GMT 2025) -----
This fixes the orbital overruns introduced by the bug in APT 2025.3.3
-1527392819
----- Attempting Submission 1 (Wed Aug 13 04:48:31 GMT 2025) -----
----- Attempting Submission 2 (Tue Dec 02 21:15:34 GMT 2025) -----
Proper Motions of the M31 Satellites: The missing pieces of the 6D puzzle
Precise proper motions (PMs) have transformed our understanding of the Milky Way (MW) and its substructures. However, MW's nearest massive analog M31 remains underexplored in this regard. This proposal requests 48 HST orbits to obtain second-epoch observations to measure PMs for seven bright dwarf satellites of M31: NGC 205, And VI, VII, XIX, XXXI, XXXII, and XXXIII. These are ideal targets due to their stellar density, known distances, and line-of-sight velocities.
M31's satellites offer a unique opportunity to study galaxy assembly, orbital history, and dark matter halo mass. Unlike the MW, M31's satellites show strikingly similar star formation histories, suggesting possible coordinated quenching events around ~6 Gyr ago which could indicate a group infall or a shared environmental effect, scenarios only distinguishable through 3D kinematics which can only be accessed by PM measurements. Meanwhile, the existence and stability of the "Great Plane of Andromeda" (GPoA) remain debated. PMs of satellites within and outside the plane, especially of massive members like NGC 205, are crucial to test whether the GPoA is a stable structure or a transient feature. Precise PMs will help constrain M31's halo mass by using distant satellites as tracers, a method proven effective for the MW. Most of these dwarfs have no prior PM measurements and Gaia is not sensitive enough at M31's distance. HST is currently the only observatory capable of achieving the necessary precision. These observations are critical to unlock the orbital histories and assembly of the M31 system within a broader cosmological context.
We propose to measure PMs of 7 bright dwarf satellites orbiting around M31 to obtain crucial components required for 3-D kinematics. We will observe the sample using ACS/WFC (in F814W), with coordinated parallel observations using WFC3/UVIS for And XXXIII to match the first epoch (see below). For NGC 205, we also request 5 prime WFC3/UVIS orbits to observe the former parallel field from the first epoch; due to the implementation of reduced gyro operations, it is no longer possible to observe this field as a parallel to the ACS prime field.
Several investigators are members of the High-resolution Space Telescope PROper MOtion (HSTPROMO) group, led by co-I van der Marel, which has published numerous papers reporting proper motion measurements of dwarf galaxies, globular clusters, individual stars along stellar streams, and distant Milky Way (MW) halo stars.
PI Dr Paul Bennet is an expert in satellites inside and outside of the LG. He has had previous experience leading successful HST programs, e.g GO-15858 (Bennet et al. 2020). Dr Bennet has also succesfully led multiple HST programs related to the photometry and astrometry of dwarf galaxies using ACS (e.g. GO-15858, GO-17174 and GO-17501) including looking at orbital histories, dwarf galaxy quenching and the links between them. Dr Bennet will lead and perform the majority of the work for this project.
Co-PI Dr Tony Sohn is an expert in measuring HST proper motions, his past measurements include M31, bulk proper motions of dwarf spheroidal galaxies in the Milky Way halo (Leo I, Draco, and Sculptor), individual proper motions of stars along stellar streams such as Sagittarius, Orphan, and Lethe, distant Milky Way globular clusters, and M31 satellites NGC 147 and 185. Dr Sohn will contribute to the PM measurements part of this work.
Co-I Dr Ekta Patel is an expert in orbital modelling and mass modelling in the Local Group. Dr Patel will contribute to the orbital history of Phoenix based on the PMs found in this program and contribute to the MW mass estimation.
Co-I, Dr K. McKinnon is an expert in rigorous statistical combinations of HST images with Gaia data, which enables significantly improved measurements of astrometry than either dataset can measure alone.
Co-I Dr. Marcel Pawlowski is an expert on satellite planes and other types of phase-space correlations among systems of satellite galaxies, and their comparison to expectations from cosmological simulations. He will work on interpreting our results in this context.
Co-I Dr.Andrew Pace is an expert on the kinematics, orbitals, and dynamics of dwarf galaxies and the use of {\it Gaia} to identify dwarf galaxy members.
Co-I Dr. Daniel Weisz is an expert on resolved stellar populations in nearby galaxies.
Co-I Dr. Savino is an expert in the use of HST and JWST images to study the stellar population of nearby galaxies. He is in an expert in crowded-field photometry, modelling resolved stellar populations, star formation history determinations, measuring extragalactic distances, and galaxy evolution.
Co-Is Dr Mark Fardal, Prof. Andrew Wetzel, Dr Roeland van der Marel, Dr Nitya Kallivayalil, Dr Laura Watkins, Dr. Gurtina Belsa and Mr Jack Warfield are experts in HST kinematic analysis, dynamical mass estimation, and dynamical modeling of Local Group galaxies including both equilibrium and N-body modeling. They will contribute to the orbital calculations and interpretation of the results.
See list of refereed publications by the HSTPROMO group at http://www.stsci.edu/~marel/hstpromo.html#Papers
Stellar Populations and the Interstellar Medium
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:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3001
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)
(Tic-Orbit
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:orbit-number 3
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:si-vis-utilization 2620
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:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3001
:pcs-gap 0
)
true
3
0
Timing link suitability includes constraints ([Group (05 06) Within 30.0 days])
The scheduling data was generated by CASM 33.1.
CASM was run in Phase II mode.
/private/var/folders/w_/jnjpw_kd2_dgbfb8dt29vldc0002m5/T/OPVisit15448344464124020891.xml
(Tic-Visit
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:trans-version "20250929"
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:number-of-orbits 3
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:si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0
:data-volume 1705344
:tdrss-contact-duration 0
:coron NIL
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(Tic-Obset
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:pcs-mode "FGS"
)
(Tic-Orbit
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)
(Tic-Orbit
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:si-vis-utilization 2620
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(Tic-Orbit
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:orbit-number 3
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:internal-dur-at-end 347
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:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
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:pcs-gap 0
)
true
3
0
Timing link suitability includes constraints ([Group (07 08 09) Within 30.0 days])
Hst Same orient constraint links visits (07 08 09)
The scheduling data was generated by CASM 33.1.
CASM was run in Phase II mode.
/private/var/folders/w_/jnjpw_kd2_dgbfb8dt29vldc0002m5/T/OPVisit10691940649698772506.xml
(Tic-Visit
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:trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0
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:number-of-orbits 3
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:si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0
:data-volume 1705344
:tdrss-contact-duration 0
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(Tic-Obset
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:obset-id "07"
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(Tic-Orbit
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)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 18029
:visit-id "07"
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(Tic-Orbit
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:pcs-gap 0
)
true
3
0
Timing link suitability includes constraints ([Group (07 08 09) Within 30.0 days])
Hst Same orient constraint links visits (07 08 09)
The scheduling data was generated by CASM 33.1.
CASM was run in Phase II mode.
/private/var/folders/w_/jnjpw_kd2_dgbfb8dt29vldc0002m5/T/OPVisit6457379584913664907.xml
(Tic-Visit
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:trans-version "20250929"
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:trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0
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:number-of-orbits 2
:saa-model "27"
:si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0
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:tdrss-contact-duration 0
:coron NIL
)
(Tic-Obset
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:obset-id "08"
:pcs-mode "FGS"
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 18029
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)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 18029
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:si-vis-utilization 2646
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 347
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:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3026
:pcs-gap 0
)
true
2
0
Timing link suitability includes constraints ([Group (07 08 09) Within 30.0 days])
Hst Same orient constraint links visits (07 08 09)
The scheduling data was generated by CASM 33.1.
CASM was run in Phase II mode.
/private/var/folders/w_/jnjpw_kd2_dgbfb8dt29vldc0002m5/T/OPVisit17984468708505108317.xml
(Tic-Visit
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:FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0)
:number-of-orbits 2
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:si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0
:data-volume 1136896
:tdrss-contact-duration 0
:coron NIL
)
(Tic-Obset
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:pcs-mode "FGS"
)
(Tic-Orbit
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:si-vis-utilization 2638
:al-overhead-at-end 0
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:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3026
:pcs-gap 0
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 18029
:visit-id "09"
:orbit-number 2
:pcs-time 380
:si-vis-utilization 2646
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:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3026
:pcs-gap 0
)
true
2
0
Timing link suitability includes constraints ([Group (10 11) Within 30.0 days])
The scheduling data was generated by CASM 33.1.
CASM was run in Phase II mode.
/private/var/folders/w_/jnjpw_kd2_dgbfb8dt29vldc0002m5/T/OPVisit17711387957491674881.xml
(Tic-Visit
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:trans-version "20250929"
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:trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0
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:number-of-orbits 3
:saa-model "29"
:si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0
:data-volume 3437808
:tdrss-contact-duration 0
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(Tic-Obset
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)
(Tic-Orbit
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:si-vis-utilization 2618
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)
(Tic-Orbit
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:visit-id "10"
:orbit-number 2
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:si-vis-utilization 2620
:al-overhead-at-end 0
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:dark-offset NIL
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:pcs-visibility 3001
:pcs-gap 0
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 18029
:visit-id "10"
:orbit-number 3
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:si-vis-utilization 2620
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 1015
:dark-offset NIL
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:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3001
:pcs-gap 0
)
true
3
0
Timing link suitability includes constraints ([Group (10 11) Within 30.0 days])
The scheduling data was generated by CASM 33.1.
CASM was run in Phase II mode.
/private/var/folders/w_/jnjpw_kd2_dgbfb8dt29vldc0002m5/T/OPVisit18191669571730298242.xml
(Tic-Visit
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:proposal-version -1
:trans-version "20250929"
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:number-of-orbits 2
:saa-model "29"
:si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0
:data-volume 2291872
:tdrss-contact-duration 0
:coron NIL
)
(Tic-Obset
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)
(Tic-Orbit
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)
(Tic-Orbit
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:visit-id "11"
:orbit-number 2
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:si-vis-utilization 2620
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:internal-dur-at-end 1015
:dark-offset NIL
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:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3001
:pcs-gap 0
)
true
2
0
/private/var/folders/w_/jnjpw_kd2_dgbfb8dt29vldc0002m5/T/OPVisit17635430236804708557.xml
Timing link suitability includes constraints ([Group (17 18) Within 30.0 days])
The scheduling data was generated by CASM 33.1.
CASM was run in Phase II mode.
(Tic-Visit
:proposal-id 18029
:visit-id "17"
:proposal-version -1
:trans-version "20250929"
:date "02-Dec-2025 16:11:10.0"
:trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0
:FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0)
:number-of-orbits 3
:saa-model "27"
:si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0
:data-volume 1705344
:tdrss-contact-duration 0
:coron NIL
)
(Tic-Obset
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:visit-id "17"
:obset-id "17"
:pcs-mode "FGS"
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 18029
:visit-id "17"
:orbit-number 1
:pcs-time 380
:si-vis-utilization 2620
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 0
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3001
:pcs-gap 0
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 18029
:visit-id "17"
:orbit-number 2
:pcs-time 380
:si-vis-utilization 2620
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 0
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3001
:pcs-gap 0
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 18029
:visit-id "17"
:orbit-number 3
:pcs-time 380
:si-vis-utilization 2620
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 347
:dark-offset NIL
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:max-dark-utilization 1920
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)
true
3
0
/private/var/folders/w_/jnjpw_kd2_dgbfb8dt29vldc0002m5/T/OPVisit17512371811964323741.xml
Timing link suitability includes constraints ([Group (17 18) Within 30.0 days])
The scheduling data was generated by CASM 33.1.
CASM was run in Phase II mode.
(Tic-Visit
:proposal-id 18029
:visit-id "18"
:proposal-version -1
:trans-version "20250929"
:date "02-Dec-2025 16:11:10.0"
:trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0
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:number-of-orbits 2
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:si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0
:data-volume 1136896
:tdrss-contact-duration 0
:coron NIL
)
(Tic-Obset
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:pcs-mode "FGS"
)
(Tic-Orbit
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:visit-id "18"
:orbit-number 1
:pcs-time 380
:si-vis-utilization 2620
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 0
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3001
:pcs-gap 0
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 18029
:visit-id "18"
:orbit-number 2
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:si-vis-utilization 2620
:al-overhead-at-end 0
:internal-dur-at-end 347
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
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:pcs-gap 0
)
true
2
0
/private/var/folders/w_/jnjpw_kd2_dgbfb8dt29vldc0002m5/T/OPVisit16440483255550091567.xml
Timing link suitability includes constraints ([Group (19 20) Within 30.0 days])
The scheduling data was generated by CASM 33.1.
CASM was run in Phase II mode.
(Tic-Visit
:proposal-id 18029
:visit-id "19"
:proposal-version -1
:trans-version "20250929"
:date "02-Dec-2025 16:11:11.0"
:trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0
:FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0)
:number-of-orbits 3
:saa-model "29"
:si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0
:data-volume 1732464
:tdrss-contact-duration 0
:coron NIL
)
(Tic-Obset
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:visit-id "19"
:obset-id "19"
:pcs-mode "FGS"
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 18029
:visit-id "19"
:orbit-number 1
:pcs-time 380
:si-vis-utilization 2620
:al-overhead-at-end 116
:internal-dur-at-end 0
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:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3001
:pcs-gap 0
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 18029
:visit-id "19"
:orbit-number 2
:pcs-time 380
:si-vis-utilization 2620
:al-overhead-at-end 116
:internal-dur-at-end 0
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3001
:pcs-gap 0
)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 18029
:visit-id "19"
:orbit-number 3
:pcs-time 380
:si-vis-utilization 2620
:al-overhead-at-end 116
:internal-dur-at-end 668
:dark-offset NIL
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:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3001
:pcs-gap 0
)
true
3
0
/private/var/folders/w_/jnjpw_kd2_dgbfb8dt29vldc0002m5/T/OPVisit4757274710398812109.xml
Timing link suitability includes constraints ([Group (19 20) Within 30.0 days])
The scheduling data was generated by CASM 33.1.
CASM was run in Phase II mode.
(Tic-Visit
:proposal-id 18029
:visit-id "20"
:proposal-version -1
:trans-version "20250929"
:date "02-Dec-2025 16:11:11.0"
:trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0
:FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0)
:number-of-orbits 2
:saa-model "29"
:si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0
:data-volume 1154976
:tdrss-contact-duration 0
:coron NIL
)
(Tic-Obset
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:obset-id "20"
:pcs-mode "FGS"
)
(Tic-Orbit
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:visit-id "20"
:orbit-number 1
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:si-vis-utilization 2620
:al-overhead-at-end 116
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)
(Tic-Orbit
:proposal-id 18029
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:orbit-number 2
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:si-vis-utilization 2620
:al-overhead-at-end 116
:internal-dur-at-end 668
:dark-offset NIL
:dark-utilization 0
:max-dark-utilization 1920
:low-sky "N"
:pcs-visibility 3001
:pcs-gap 0
)
true
2
0