Opening the crucial ultraviolet window on carbon dredge-up in white dwarfs

0 Assigned ID: 6232 ----- Attempting Submission 1 (Wed Apr 09 14:54:27 GMT 2025) ----- Visit 08 has been updated: the aperture has been changed to meet the UV safety requirements, and peakup and wavecal exposures have been added. -317572214 ----- Attempting Submission 1 (Thu Aug 07 16:41:40 GMT 2025) ----- HST Phase II Proposal 18060 successfully submitted. Receipt: # 18060-1 ----- Attempting Submission 2 (Fri Aug 15 08:06:13 GMT 2025) ----- ----- Attempting Submission 3 (Wed Oct 29 15:10:43 GMT 2025) ----- Opening the crucial ultraviolet window on carbon dredge-up in white dwarfs About 30% of white dwarfs have helium-rich envelopes where deep convection occurs, leading to an important but poorly understood phenomenon: the dredge-up of carbon from the core to the otherwise pristine helium surface. This process has far-reaching implications, as the atmospheric carbon content (1) impacts white dwarf age determinations used to probe stellar and Galactic evolution, (2) affects the interpretation of exoplanetary material accreted onto white dwarfs, and (3) provides a rare empirical benchmark for the complex physics of dense plasmas. Yet, observational characterization is severely limited by the insensitivity of the optical window, where the trace carbon often remains spectroscopically invisible and only has a mild effect on the SED. Our understanding of carbon dredge-up thus rests on theoretical models, which depend on uncertain input physics and, crucially, have recently been called into question by Gaia observations. Fortunately, the ultraviolet window, and in particular the far-UV capabilities of HST, offers a clear and unique solution to this problem, as it is expected to reveal many strong carbon features allowing precise abundance determinations. We propose STIS far-UV spectroscopy of 16 bright helium-rich white dwarfs to detect and measure the surface carbon content across a key range of effective temperatures. These observations will enable the first robust test of dredge-up models, in turn providing valuable new constraints for dense matter physics and astrophysical applications of white dwarfs. The goal of this proposal is to obtain low-resolution far-ultraviolet spectroscopy of 16 white dwarfs with helium atmospheres and temperatures of 11000-15000 K to probe for carbon absorption features. We will carry out the target acquisition with the STIS CCD and the F28x50LP broad-band filter, followed by STIS FUV spectroscopy using the G140L grating and the 52x2 aperture to maximise the throughput. Each observation uses one HST orbit. Update 15-08-2025: The target of Visit 11 has been changed. The original target (WDJ160139.76-034540.01) has a bright nearby companion and would have required a specific slit orientation that was unschedulable. The new target (WDJ055231.03+164250.27) does not have this problem, has otherwise similar parameters, and is equally useful for the science goal. Update 29-10-2025: The aperture for the science exposure of Visit 08 has been changed. The target of this visit (WDJ133601.82+482846.25) has an active M-dwarf companion, so we will use the 31x0.05NDA aperture to meet the UV-bright flare safety requirements. A peakup exposure has been added before the science exposure to center the target on the small slit. To maximize the science exposure time, automatic wavecal has been disabled and a GO-wavecal exposure has been added after the science exposure. Antoine Bedard is an expert on the structure and evolution of white dwarfs, including the modeling of carbon dredge-up which will be tested by this program. He also has in-depth experience in spectral analysis and will lead the interpretation of the observations. Simon Blouin is an expert on the physics and modeling of white dwarf atmospheres, notably those enriched in carbon. He computed the atmosphere models which will be used in this project. Boris Gaensicke is an expert on a wide range of white dwarf science topics and has led many HST COS and STIS programs carrying out far-UV spectroscopy of white dwarfs to probe their heavy-element content. Pier-Emmanuel Tremblay is an expert on the modeling and analysis of white dwarf atmospheres and the use of white dwarf samples to constrain stellar and Galactic evolution. Stellar Physics and Stellar Types 6 false true false false false false SUPPORTED STAR DB This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. SIMBAD listed proper motion for this target. When retrieving targets with PM from SIMBAD, APT requests the coordinates be calculated with an epoch of the year 2000. Do not modify this epoch. Always review coordinates using the Target Confirmation tool, which graphically displays the PM. J2000 J2000 STAR DB This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. SIMBAD listed proper motion for this target. When retrieving targets with PM from SIMBAD, APT requests the coordinates be calculated with an epoch of the year 2000. Do not modify this epoch. Always review coordinates using the Target Confirmation tool, which graphically displays the PM. J2000 J2000 STAR DB This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. SIMBAD listed proper motion for this target. When retrieving targets with PM from SIMBAD, APT requests the coordinates be calculated with an epoch of the year 2000. Do not modify this epoch. Always review coordinates using the Target Confirmation tool, which graphically displays the PM. J2000 J2000 STAR DB This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. SIMBAD listed proper motion for this target. When retrieving targets with PM from SIMBAD, APT requests the coordinates be calculated with an epoch of the year 2000. Do not modify this epoch. Always review coordinates using the Target Confirmation tool, which graphically displays the PM. J2000 J2000 STAR DB This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. SIMBAD listed proper motion for this target. When retrieving targets with PM from SIMBAD, APT requests the coordinates be calculated with an epoch of the year 2000. Do not modify this epoch. Always review coordinates using the Target Confirmation tool, which graphically displays the PM. J2000 J2000 STAR DB This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. SIMBAD listed proper motion for this target. When retrieving targets with PM from SIMBAD, APT requests the coordinates be calculated with an epoch of the year 2000. Do not modify this epoch. Always review coordinates using the Target Confirmation tool, which graphically displays the PM. J2000 J2000 STAR DB This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. SIMBAD listed proper motion for this target. When retrieving targets with PM from SIMBAD, APT requests the coordinates be calculated with an epoch of the year 2000. Do not modify this epoch. Always review coordinates using the Target Confirmation tool, which graphically displays the PM. J2000 J2000 STAR DB This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. SIMBAD listed proper motion for this target. When retrieving targets with PM from SIMBAD, APT requests the coordinates be calculated with an epoch of the year 2000. Do not modify this epoch. Always review coordinates using the Target Confirmation tool, which graphically displays the PM. J2000 J2000 STAR DB This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. SIMBAD listed proper motion for this target. When retrieving targets with PM from SIMBAD, APT requests the coordinates be calculated with an epoch of the year 2000. Do not modify this epoch. Always review coordinates using the Target Confirmation tool, which graphically displays the PM. J2000 J2000 STAR DB This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. SIMBAD listed proper motion for this target. When retrieving targets with PM from SIMBAD, APT requests the coordinates be calculated with an epoch of the year 2000. Do not modify this epoch. Always review coordinates using the Target Confirmation tool, which graphically displays the PM. J2000 J2000 STAR DB This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. SIMBAD listed proper motion for this target. When retrieving targets with PM from SIMBAD, APT requests the coordinates be calculated with an epoch of the year 2000. Do not modify this epoch. Always review coordinates using the Target Confirmation tool, which graphically displays the PM. J2000 J2000 STAR DB This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. SIMBAD listed proper motion for this target. When retrieving targets with PM from SIMBAD, APT requests the coordinates be calculated with an epoch of the year 2000. Do not modify this epoch. Always review coordinates using the Target Confirmation tool, which graphically displays the PM. J2000 J2000 STAR DB This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. SIMBAD listed proper motion for this target. When retrieving targets with PM from SIMBAD, APT requests the coordinates be calculated with an epoch of the year 2000. Do not modify this epoch. Always review coordinates using the Target Confirmation tool, which graphically displays the PM. J2000 J2000 STAR DB This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. SIMBAD listed proper motion for this target. When retrieving targets with PM from SIMBAD, APT requests the coordinates be calculated with an epoch of the year 2000. Do not modify this epoch. Always review coordinates using the Target Confirmation tool, which graphically displays the PM. J2000 J2000 STAR DB This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. SIMBAD listed proper motion for this target. When retrieving targets with PM from SIMBAD, APT requests the coordinates be calculated with an epoch of the year 2000. Do not modify this epoch. Always review coordinates using the Target Confirmation tool, which graphically displays the PM. J2000 J2000 STAR DB This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. SIMBAD listed proper motion for this target. When retrieving targets with PM from SIMBAD, APT requests the coordinates be calculated with an epoch of the year 2000. Do not modify this epoch. Always review coordinates using the Target Confirmation tool, which graphically displays the PM. J2000 J2000 STIS/FUV-MAMA Spectroscopic No No G140L 1425 STIS/FUV-MAMA Spectroscopic No No G140L 1425 STIS/FUV-MAMA Spectroscopic No No G140L 1425 STIS/FUV-MAMA Spectroscopic No No G140L 1425 STIS/FUV-MAMA Spectroscopic No No G140L 1425 STIS/FUV-MAMA Spectroscopic No No G140L 1425 STIS/FUV-MAMA Spectroscopic No No G140L 1425 STIS/FUV-MAMA Spectroscopic No No G140L 1425 STIS/FUV-MAMA Spectroscopic No No G140L 1425 STIS/FUV-MAMA Spectroscopic No No G140L 1425 STIS/FUV-MAMA Spectroscopic No No G140L 1425 STIS/FUV-MAMA Spectroscopic No No G140L 1425 STIS/FUV-MAMA Spectroscopic No No G140L 1425 STIS/FUV-MAMA Spectroscopic No No G140L 1425 STIS/FUV-MAMA Spectroscopic No No G140L 1425 STIS/FUV-MAMA Spectroscopic No No G140L 1425 1761749559978 /private/var/folders/pl/p8360xsn2kj_10jjwkmvp2n80000gn/T/OPVisit13606743058196911222.xml The scheduling data was generated by CASM 33.1. CASM was run in Phase II mode. 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(Tic-Visit :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "03" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20250624" :date "29-Oct-2025 14:52:40.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "24" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 156960 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "03" :obset-id "03" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "03" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 380 :si-vis-utilization 2612 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 440 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 2992 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 1761749561394 /private/var/folders/pl/p8360xsn2kj_10jjwkmvp2n80000gn/T/OPVisit15752247567737164991.xml The scheduling data was generated by CASM 33.1. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "04" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20250624" :date "29-Oct-2025 14:52:41.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "24" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 226544 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "04" :obset-id "04" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "04" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 380 :si-vis-utilization 2603 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 440 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 2983 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 1761749561846 /private/var/folders/pl/p8360xsn2kj_10jjwkmvp2n80000gn/T/OPVisit11801997647601551897.xml The scheduling data was generated by CASM 33.1. CASM was run in Phase II mode. 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(Tic-Visit :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "06" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20250624" :date "29-Oct-2025 14:52:42.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "24" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 226544 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "06" :obset-id "06" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "06" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 380 :si-vis-utilization 2607 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 440 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 2987 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 1761749562770 /private/var/folders/pl/p8360xsn2kj_10jjwkmvp2n80000gn/T/OPVisit5799065288756476973.xml The scheduling data was generated by CASM 33.1. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "07" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20250624" :date "29-Oct-2025 14:52:42.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "24" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 156960 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "07" :obset-id "07" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "07" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 380 :si-vis-utilization 2684 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 440 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3064 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 1761750257346 /private/var/folders/pl/p8360xsn2kj_10jjwkmvp2n80000gn/T/OPVisit486546968790401301.xml The scheduling data was generated by CASM 33.1. CASM was run in Phase II mode. 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(Tic-Visit :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "09" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20250624" :date "29-Oct-2025 14:52:43.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "24" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 226544 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "09" :obset-id "09" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "09" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 380 :si-vis-utilization 2599 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 440 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 2979 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 1761749563696 /private/var/folders/pl/p8360xsn2kj_10jjwkmvp2n80000gn/T/OPVisit17276444641850688559.xml The scheduling data was generated by CASM 33.1. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "10" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20250624" :date "29-Oct-2025 14:52:43.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "24" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 226544 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "10" :obset-id "10" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "10" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 380 :si-vis-utilization 2612 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 440 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 2992 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 1761749564146 /private/var/folders/pl/p8360xsn2kj_10jjwkmvp2n80000gn/T/OPVisit8925412840748386728.xml The scheduling data was generated by CASM 33.1. CASM was run in Phase II mode. The target of this visit has been changed. The original target (WDJ160139.76-034540.01) has a bright nearby companion and would have required a specific slit orientation that was unschedulable. The new target (WDJ055231.03+164250.27) does not have this problem, has otherwise similar parameters, and is equally useful for the science goal. 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(Tic-Visit :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "12" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20250624" :date "29-Oct-2025 14:52:44.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "24" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 226544 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "12" :obset-id "12" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "12" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 380 :si-vis-utilization 2594 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 440 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 2974 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 1761749565081 /private/var/folders/pl/p8360xsn2kj_10jjwkmvp2n80000gn/T/OPVisit7558312705423168264.xml The scheduling data was generated by CASM 33.1. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "13" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20250624" :date "29-Oct-2025 14:52:44.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "24" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 156960 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "13" :obset-id "13" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "13" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 380 :si-vis-utilization 2603 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 440 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 2983 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 1761749565541 /private/var/folders/pl/p8360xsn2kj_10jjwkmvp2n80000gn/T/OPVisit16966288851361249264.xml The scheduling data was generated by CASM 33.1. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "14" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20250624" :date "29-Oct-2025 14:52:45.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "24" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 156960 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "14" :obset-id "14" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "14" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 380 :si-vis-utilization 2607 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 440 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 2987 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 1761749565999 /private/var/folders/pl/p8360xsn2kj_10jjwkmvp2n80000gn/T/OPVisit13529768346202039654.xml The scheduling data was generated by CASM 33.1. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "15" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20250624" :date "29-Oct-2025 14:52:45.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "24" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 156960 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "15" :obset-id "15" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "15" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 380 :si-vis-utilization 2621 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 440 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 3001 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0 1761749566718 /private/var/folders/pl/p8360xsn2kj_10jjwkmvp2n80000gn/T/OPVisit5333201630097356369.xml The scheduling data was generated by CASM 33.1. CASM was run in Phase II mode. (Tic-Visit :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "16" :proposal-version -1 :trans-version "20250624" :date "29-Oct-2025 14:52:46.0" :trans-errors '(:WARNINGS 0 :ERRORS 0 :HEALTH-AND-SAFETY 0 :FATAL-ERRORS 0 :CONTINUABLE-FATALS 0) :number-of-orbits 1 :saa-model "24" :si-bright-earth-limb-angle 20.0 :data-volume 156960 :tdrss-contact-duration 0 :coron NIL ) (Tic-Obset :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "16" :obset-id "16" :pcs-mode "FGS" ) (Tic-Orbit :proposal-id 18060 :visit-id "16" :orbit-number 1 :pcs-time 380 :si-vis-utilization 2603 :al-overhead-at-end 0 :internal-dur-at-end 440 :dark-offset NIL :dark-utilization 0 :max-dark-utilization 1920 :low-sky "N" :pcs-visibility 2983 :pcs-gap 0 ) true 1 0