0 Assigned ID: 6425 ----- Attempting Submission 1 (Thu Apr 10 12:24:22 GMT 2025) ----- HST Phase I Proposal 6425 successfully submitted. Receipt: # 6425-1 ----- Attempting Submission 2 (Thu Apr 10 15:20:58 GMT 2025) ----- HST Phase I Proposal 6425 successfully submitted. Receipt: # 6425-2 ----- Attempting Submission 3 (Thu Apr 10 15:25:25 GMT 2025) ----- HST Phase I Proposal 6425 successfully submitted. Receipt: # 6425-3 ----- Attempting Submission 4 (Thu Apr 10 16:16:22 GMT 2025) ----- re-observe dartboard F814W -731221653 ----- Attempting Submission 1 (Fri Aug 08 16:42:01 GMT 2025) ----- ----- Attempting Submission 2 (Thu Aug 21 14:58:01 GMT 2025) ----- HST Phase II Proposal 18097 successfully submitted. Receipt: # 18097-2 ----- Attempting Submission 3 (Fri Sep 05 08:10:44 GMT 2025) ----- HST Phase II Proposal 18097 successfully submitted. Receipt: # 18097-3 ----- Attempting Submission 4 (Fri Sep 05 08:13:04 GMT 2025) ----- ----- Attempting Submission 5 (Thu Apr 02 11:09:46 GMT 2026) ----- Reovserve dartbord F814W visit04 Breaking the mass sheet degeneracy in strong lensing time delay cosmology with a new sample of double source plane lenses. Despite years of scrutiny, the measurement of H0 from SH0ES is still at 5-sigma tension with early-Universe probes. If the 8% difference is real it implies physics beyond LCDM. It is essential to develop independent methods with sufficient precision and accuracy to confirm or rule out the tension. A number of collaborations used gravitational time delays to measure H0 to 2% precision assuming that the mass density profiles of massive elliptical galaxies are described by a power-law or stars + Navarro Frenk White dark matter halos. However, if the assumption is relaxed under the mass sheet transformation, the precision of H0 from time delays drops to 8%. Strong lenses with two background sources at different redshifts (double source plane lens, DSPL) allow tight constraints on the main degeneracy of the Hubble constant measurement from time-delay cosmography. We have discovered 9 new galaxy-scale candidates from a combination of Euclid lens searches, and we plan to observe them with HST WFC3. HST is the BEST telescope suitable for this science due to its wavelength coverage and resolution. With our new samples, we are able to increase the measurement of H0 from Time Delay lenses from 6-8% to 2-4%. In addition, due to the second ring providing an extra aperture within which the mass is well constrained, DSPLs are better compared to lens systems with a single ring in almost every other science category involving galaxy scale strong lensing. The main goal of the proposed HST program is to obtain high-resolution images of nine double-source-plane strong-lensing systems, allocating two orbits per system. Combined with spectroscopic redshifts and stellar kinematics, these data will enable detailed lens modeling and a decomposition of the stellar and dark-matter mass components. This, in turn, allows us to quantify and break the mass-sheet degeneracy that would persist if the lens were constrained by a single power-law mass profile alone. HST imaging in F475W and F814W maximizes wavelength coverage, and the angular resolution is improved compared with Euclid. The bluer filter enhances the signal from the blue arcs while suppressing shot noise from the red foreground lens galaxy. We will need one full orbit each in F475W and F814W, employing a four-point dither pattern to carry out the proposed measurements. Tian Li is an expert in strong gravitational lens modelling, cosmology inference with different lens populations and data preprocessing. In Li et al (2024, MNRAS 527) he showed that cosmological inference comparable to Plank is possible with 10,000 strong lenses. In Li et al (2025b, in review), he led the discovery and modelling of the double-source plane lenses discovered in Euclid. Li et al (2025a) he studied the selection function between lensed quasar and galaxy-galaxy lenses under different mass model. He was also responsible for the image processing in the first strong lens discovered in Euclid, published in O'Riordan (2025, A&A, 694). Dr. Thomas Collett is an expert in cosmological constraints from lens modeling, multi-plane lensing with exotic lens configurations, lensed transients, and lens population statistics. Dr. Karina Rojas is an expert in lens finding using neural networks, and spectroscopy of strongly lensed sources. Dr. Wolfgang Enzi is expert in modeling galaxy-galaxy lens systems, degeneracies in lens modelling between source light and mass distributions, and constraints on dark matter with strong gravitational lensing and other astrophysical probes. Natalie Lines is an expert in detecting lenses in Euclid data with machine learning, and contributed to the discovery of the lenses in this proposal. Dr. Aymeric.galan is an expert in lens modelling, strong lensing cosmography, model comparison. Dr. Stefan.schuldt is an expert in strong lens mass modeling, time delay cosmography, lens finding, and deep learning applications. Prof. Stephen Serjeant is an expert in finding and characterising infrared-luminous gravitational lenses. Dr. Conor O'Riordan is an expert in strong gravitational lensing and machine learning, with a particular focus on space telescope observations. In O'Riordan et al. 2025, A\&A 694, he modelled the first Einstein ring observed by the Euclid telescope at extremely high signal-to-noise ratio. He also modelled the first lens candidates in the Euclid survey to confirm their strong lensing nature (Acevedo Barroso et al 2024). He has made forecasts for dark matter constraints from strong gravitational lensing in Euclid (O'Riordan et al 2023, MNRAS 521) and HST (O'Riordan & Vegetti, MNRAS 2024) and worked extensively on machine learning developement for subhalo finding. He is an expert in data reduction for space-based observations, including HST. Dr Giovanni Granata is an expert in strong gravitational lensing, with focus on lens modelling combined with stellar kinematics of early-type galaxies Prof. Claudio Grillo is an expert in strong gravitational lensing, particularly on its cosmological applications with both galaxies and clusters acting as lenses. Dr. Ana Acebron has expertise in the strong lensing modelling of galaxy clusters, using several software and methods, and in their cosmological applications. Prof. R. Benton Metcalf has expertise in strong lens modelling, simulation and cosmological constraints. Dr. James Nightingale is the lead author of PyAutoLens, software for automated strong lens modeling which recent helped discover over 100 new strong lenses with the James Webb Space Telescope and analysed the first 400+ strong lenses found in thr Euclid Q1 data release. Dr. Raphael Gavazzi is an expert in strong gravitational lensing and one of the leads of the Euclid Strong Lens Science Working Group. He coordinates work between many groups on the discovery and exploitation of strong lenses in Euclid. He was part of the team responsible for the spectroscopically-selected SLACS strong lens sample (e.g. Gavazzi 2007, ApJ 667), which led to the discovery of the first double-source-plane lens (Gavazzi, et al 2008). Dr. Leonidas Moustakas is the Deputy Manager of the Science Division at JPL/Caltech. He is actively working on the discovery, observational follow-up, and analysis of strong gravitational lens systems involving galaxies, galaxy clusters, and supernovae, especially for studies of dark matter. He will contribute expertise in the lens modeling, analysis, and interpretation, and in the papers reporting results. 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