0 Assigned ID: 6694 ----- Attempting Submission 1 (Thu Apr 10 21:00:23 GMT 2025) ----- AGN outflows play an important role in feedback processes that control galaxy evolution and the growth of central black holes. Over the past several years a paradigm shift regarding the physical parameters and picture of Seyfert outflows has occurred. In particular, monitoring variability of the outflow absorption troughs in NGC 5548 yielded the first comprehensive, yet simple, model that can explain the physical characteristics of AGN outflows. Compared with previous analyses, the new results are different by a factor of 10 in the distance of the outflow from the central source (R), two orders of magnitude in total outflowing column density (NH), and ascribe trough variability to changes in the photoionization of a constant NH absorber, in contrast with the previous picture of changing NH. Similar results were obtained for the outflow observed in NGC 7469. WE PROPOSE to apply this new paradigm in reanalyzing most of the large multi-epoch archival HST data of Seyfert outflows (~800ks total), including the newly released large data set of Mrk 817, to: 1) Fundamentally revise our NH, R, ionization parameter, mass flow rate and kinetic luminosity estimates in the 12 best-observed Seyfert outflows. 2) Study the obscurer phenomenon in these objects. 3) Use the new reliable parameters to perform a comparative study of Seyfert outflows: try to determine the relationship between the velocity, distance, mass flux and energetics of the outflows to the luminosity, BH mass, Eddington ratio, and orientation of their AGN. PI Dr. Arav published several refereed papers on analyzing COS and STIS data of Seyfert outflows, including the main paper, which this proposal is based on: Arav, N.; Chamberlain, C.; Kriss, G. A.; Kaastra, J. S.; et al., Anatomy of the AGN in NGC 5548. II. The spatial, temporal, and physical nature of the outflow from HST/COS Observations 2015, A&A, 577A, 37 Dr Jerry Kriss: An expert on COS data and in the analysis of AGN outflows based on COS data. He published many papers analyzing HST UV spectra and X-ray data of Seyfert outflows, e.g., Kriss, G. A.; Mehdipour, M.; Kaastra, J. S.; Arav, N. et al. HST/COS observations of the newly discovered obscuring outflow in NGC 3783 2019, A&A, 621A, 12 Co-I Mayank Sharma is an expert in Cloudy photoionization simulations and multiwavelength analysis of AGN outflows. See Sharma, Mayank, et al. The Astrophysical Journal 983.1 (2025): 31. and Sharma, Mayank, et al. Astronomy & Astrophysics 693 (2025): A254. Supermassive Black Holes and Active Galaxies 0 false true false false false false false SUPPORTED