----- Submission 1 (Wed May 14 17:06:41 GMT 2003) -----
Successfully submitted: Wed May 14 17:07:25 GMT 2003
----- Submission 2 (Fri May 23 20:11:15 GMT 2003) -----
Successfully submitted: Fri May 23 20:11:19 GMT 2003
----- Submission 3 (Fri Jun 27 18:31:41 GMT 2003) -----
A Survey of Extinction Curves to Redshift z=1
The effects of dust are crucial to the study of galaxies (through models of galaxy evolution and star formation rates/histories), cosmology (e.g., through its effects on SNe Ia fluxes), and the interpretation of gamma-ray burst afterglows. ?However, classical methods for obtaining precise extinction curves cannot be applied outside the Local Group. Recently, we demonstrated that gravitational lenses can be used to measure extinction curves at intermediate redshifts with high accuracy. We propose a survey of the extinction curves in 6 lens galaxies known to contain dust, to study the evolution of dust properties in galaxies out to z=1. ?We will obtain multi-wavelength photometry (6 filters from 8140 A to 2550 A) of each system to (1) construct non-parametric extinction curves which overlap the 2175 A feature, (2) measure R(V) to a 2-sigma accuracy better than 0.5 for parametric models of Galactic dust, and (3) discriminate between Galactic and SMC extinction curves to better than 2-sigma accuracy. The compact angular size of the lens systems (1-2 arcsec) and the need for near-UV images means that HST is required to make the measurements.
We will use the ACS/HRC for the observations. While ACS/WFC has higher
sensitivity in the optical, the lower overheads for short integration
times, the near-UV sensitivity, and the reduced risk of saturation
all make the ACS/HRC a better choice for the program.
We selected the I=F814W, r=F625W, V=F555W, B=F435W, U=F330W and
Near-UV=F250W and F220W filters for these observations to cover the wavelength
range from the rest-frame optical through the redshifted 2175\AA\ feature
without significant overlaps in the filter passbands. The quasars will
have a strong UV continuum up to the redshifted Ly$\alpha$ break,
which turns out to be an unimportant limitation in the current sample.
The F250W and F220W filters requires the longest exposure times but also
provides the strongest discrimination between Galactic and SMC extinction
curves. Precision photometry with HST requires dithered, CR-split images to
remove the many hot pixels and cosmic rays that would contaminate the
photometry. Based on our experience we need at least 4 sub-images for each
filter consisting of a CR-split image pair at two different dither locations.
ISM AND CIRCUMSTELLAR MATTER
12
false
false
false
false
SUPPORTED
GALAXY
GRAVITATIONAL LENS
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GALAXY
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ACCUM
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ACS/HRC
ACCUM
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ACCUM
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ACS/HRC
ACCUM
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No
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ACCUM
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ACS/HRC
ACCUM
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ACS-HRC-DITHER-LINE
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1
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DITHER
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LINE
POS-TARG
false
false
ACS-HRC-DITHER-LINE
false
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