10506( 3) - 06/22/05 10:43 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 10506 Version: 3 Check-in Time: 22-Jun-2005 14:42:38 Title Coordinated observations of Saturn's auroral dynamic morphology and Cassini plasma measurements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle Parallel Pointing Tolerance GO 14 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Prof. Jean-Claude M. Gerard Universite de Liege CoI: Prof. John T. Clarke Boston University N CoI: Dr. Denis Grodent Universite de Liege N CoI: Dr. G. Randall Gladstone Southwest Research Institute N CoI: Dr. Jacques Gustin Universite de Liege N CoI: Dr. Frank Crary University of Michigan N CoI: Dr. Michele Dougherty Imperial College of Science Technology and N Medicine CoI: Prof. Stanley W. Cowley University of Leicester N CoI: Dr. Emma J. Bunce University of Leicester N CoI: Prof. J. Hunter Waite Jr. University of Michigan N CoI: Dr. William S. Kurth University of Iowa N 10506( 3) - 06/22/05 10:43 - [ 2] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract Planetary FUV aurora is the most spectacular signature of the electrodynamical coupling between the solar wind, the planet's magnetic field, and its atmosphere. Saturn's magnetosphere has similarities both with the Earth's magnetosphere, which is 'open' to solar wind interaction and Jupiter's relatively 'closed' case with its large internal sources of plasma. HST observations of Saturn's aurora have shown a much more complex and dynamic morphology than anticipated: a frequent 'spiral' structure, a changing size of the oval in response to variations of the solar wind dynamics pressure, and large brightness changes in a few ten of minutes following compression of the magnetosphere by the solar wind. In addition, the global morphology and some spots move at 70% of the planetary co-rotation, while some other features appear nearly fixed in local time. Recently, ideas have emerged to account for Saturn's aurora specificities, although many aspects are still not understood due to the paucity of observational data. Electric current models suggest that the main oval is located at the limit between closed and open magnetic field lines, near the magnetopause. The availability of Cassini in Saturn's magnetic environment now offers a unique opportunity for collaborative science. We thus propose to test the relationship between the aurora and conditions at Saturn's magnetopause (MP) boundary. We plan to image the FUV aurora with ACS at times of inbound Cassini crossing of the MP from the upstream solar wind/magnetosheath region into the middle magnetosphere during an inbound segment of a Cassini's orbit. FUV images will also reveal whether the main oval changes its size over the interval, possibly indicating evidence for changes in the amount of open flux in the system. These HST images of the aurora simultaneous with in situ measurements of the plasma characteristics and electrodynamics inside the magnetosphere are critical to obtain key observational tests and constraints to future ideas and models of Saturn's auroral precipitation and magnetospheric processes involved. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10506( 3) - 06/22/05 10:43 - [ 3] Observations Description ------------------------ These observations must be carried out in parallel with Cassini in situ observations of Saturn's magnetopause crossing. We need an interval of about 48 hours in order to fully encompass the full range of expected magnetopause positions. We plan to take images at a frequency of one HST orbit every 5-7 hours, in order to maximize the probability to observe magnetopause crossing whilst imaging. Using 9 individual HST orbits placed 3-5 orbits apart, we will obtain 8 intervals straddling the upstream solar wind down to the middle magnetosphere . ACS images will be obtained in each orbit, with the F125LP FUV filter. Consideration of Cassini's schedules and magnetopause crossings leads to the following list of suitable observation periods, among which one Cassini orbital segment will be selected: Rev. 16: between day 282 (9th October) 12:00 and day 284 (11th October) 06:00 UT Rev. 17: between day 300 (27th October) 06:00 and day 302 (29th October) 00:00 UT Rev: 18: between day 328 (24th November) 18:00 and day 330 (26th November) 12:00 UT Rev. 19: between day 356 (22nd December) 00:00 and day 358 (24th December) 00:00 UT Rev. 20: between day 014 (14th January) 00:00 and day 16 (16th January) 06:00 UT Rev. 21: between day 052 (21st February) 18:00 and day 055 (24th February) 06:00 UT Real Time Justification ----------------------- Calibration Justification ------------------------- Additional Comments ------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10506( 3) - 06/22/05 10:43 - [ 4] TARGET LIST Solar System Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET NUMBER: 1 | TARGET NAME: SATURN1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET DESCRIPTION: PLANET AURORA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 1 | TARGET POSITION LEVEL 2 | STD=SATURN | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TARGET POSITION LEVEL 3 | WINDOWS | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DATA | COMMENTS | V = 0.0+/-1.0 | We need to place Saturn's center at | the center of the field of view as | we already did in program GO-10156. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10506( 3) - 06/22/05 10:43 - [ 5] Visit: 01 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: SCHED 100%; BETWEEN 20-DEC-2005:12:00:00 AND 21-DEC-2005:12:00:00; BETWEEN 23-NOV-2005:08:00:00 AND 24-NOV-2005:08:00:00; BETWEEN 25-OCT-2005:18:00:00 AND 26-OCT-2005:18:00:00; BETWEEN 08-OCT-2005:01:00:00 AND 09-OCT- 2005:01:00:00; SEQ 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09 WITHIN 12 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: There are 4 windows, corresponding to Cassini's observation periods (Rev) : Rev 16 : day 281 Rev 17 : day 299 Rev 18 : day 327 Rev 19 : day 354 Rev 19 (20 Dec 2005) is our best choice The final choice will be discussed with the CS and the TA. In the TIMING REQUIREMENTS, we have used SEQUENCE within 12 days in order to make sure that all the visits will be executed during the same Cassini window that is they are not scattered over the 4 windows. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SATURN1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP 7 330 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 1 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 2 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 3 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 4 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 5 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 6 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 7 none 1 N/A 10506( 3) - 06/22/05 10:43 - [ 6] Visit: 02 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: SCHED 100%; AFTER 01 BY 18 H TO 22 H On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SATURN1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP 7 330 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 1 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 2 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 3 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 4 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 5 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 6 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 7 none 1 N/A 10506( 3) - 06/22/05 10:43 - [ 7] Visit: 03 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: SCHED 100%; AFTER 02 BY 4 H TO 8 H On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SATURN1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP 7 330 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 1 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 2 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 3 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 4 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 5 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 6 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 7 none 1 N/A 10506( 3) - 06/22/05 10:43 - [ 8] Visit: 04 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: SCHED 100%; AFTER 01 BY 42 H TO 46 H On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SATURN1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP 7 330 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 1 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 2 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 3 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 4 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 5 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 6 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 7 none 1 N/A 10506( 3) - 06/22/05 10:43 - [ 9] Visit: 05 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: SCHED 100%; AFTER 04 BY 4 H TO 8 H On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SATURN1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP 7 330 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 1 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 2 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 3 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 4 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 5 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 6 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 7 none 1 N/A 10506( 3) - 06/22/05 10:43 - [ 10] Visit: 06 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: SCHED 100%; AFTER 01 BY 66 H TO 70 H On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SATURN1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP 7 330 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 1 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 2 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 3 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 4 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 5 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 6 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 7 none 1 N/A 10506( 3) - 06/22/05 10:43 - [ 11] Visit: 07 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: SCHED 100%; AFTER 06 BY 4 H TO 8 H On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SATURN1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP 7 330 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 1 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 2 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 3 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 4 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 5 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 6 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 7 none 1 N/A 10506( 3) - 06/22/05 10:43 - [ 12] Visit: 08 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: SCHED 100%; AFTER 07 BY 3 D TO 5 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SATURN1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP 7 330 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 1 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 2 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 3 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 4 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 5 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 6 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 7 none 1 N/A 10506( 3) - 06/22/05 10:43 - [ 13] Visit: 09 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: SCHED 100%; AFTER 08 BY 4 H TO 8 H On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SATURN1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP 7 330 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 1 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 2 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 3 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 4 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 5 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 6 none 1 N/A SATURN1 1 ACS/SBC ACCUM SBC F125LP none none 7 none 1 N/A 10506( 3) - 06/22/05 10:43 - [ 14] Summary Form for Proposal 10506 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures SBC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations ACS/SBC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposal Category GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements SCHED 100%; BETWEEN 20-DEC-2005 12 00 00 AND 21-DEC-2005 12 00 00; BETWEEN 23-NOV-2005 08 00 00 AND 24-NOV-2005 08 00 00; BETWEEN 25-OCT-2005 18 00 00 AND 26-OCT-2005 18 00 00; BETWEEN 08-OCT-2005 01 00 00 AND 09-OCT-2005 01 00 00; SEQ 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09 WITHIN 12 D SCHED 100%; AFTER 01 BY 18 H TO 22 H SCHED 100%; AFTER 02 BY 4 H TO 8 H SCHED 100%; AFTER 01 BY 42 H TO 46 H SCHED 100%; AFTER 04 BY 4 H TO 8 H SCHED 100%; AFTER 01 BY 66 H TO 70 H SCHED 100%; AFTER 06 BY 4 H TO 8 H SCHED 100%; AFTER 07 BY 3 D TO 5 D SCHED 100%; AFTER 08 BY 4 H TO 8 H ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F125LP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names SATURN1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------