10803( 6) - 03/19/07 10:53 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 10803 Version: 6 Check-in Time: 19-Mar-2007 14:53:05 STScI Edit Number: 1 Title Detecting the progenitors of core-collapse supernovae ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle Parallel Pointing Tolerance GO 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Stephen J. Smartt The Queen's University of Belfast CoI: Dr. Justyn R. Maund University of Texas at Austin N CoI: Mr. Robert M. Crockett The Queen's University of Belfast N CoI: Dr. Seppo Mattila The Queen's University of Belfast N CoI: Dr. John E. Eldridge The Queen's University of Belfast N CoI: Dr. Andrea Pastorello Max-Planck-Institut fur Astrophysik N CoI: Mr. David Young The Queen's University of Belfast N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract Modern supernova searches in the nearby Universe are discovering large numbers of SNe which have massive star progenitors (Types II, Ib and Ic). The extensive HST image archive within ~20Mpc enables the indvidual bright stellar content of starforming galaxies to be resolved. As massive, evolved stars are the most luminous single objects in a galaxy, the progenitors of core-collapse SNe are often directly detectable on pre-explosion archive images. We have discovered three progenitors of recent type II-Plateau SNe, showing them to be red supergiants of 8-12 solar masses. This is the first direct evidence that red supergiants do indeed produce normal type II explosions. We have set upper mass limits on a further 7 progenitor stars and suggest that faint type II supernovae are unlikely to come from the collapse of very massive stars which form black holes. These discoveries are providing strong constraints on theoretical models of pre-supernova evolution, explosion models and the origin of the supernova types. We request time to continue this successful project and require ACS observations of future SNe which are discovered in galaxies closer than 20Mpc and which have pre-explosion HST archive images available. This will allow the SNe to be precisely positioned on the pre-explosion images. We have set a final goal for this project of determining masses and types, or setting restrictive mass-limits, for 30 supernovae over the remainder of HST's project life. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10803( 6) - 03/19/07 10:53 - [ 2] Observations Description ------------------------ We will image future nearby supernovae with ACS, using either the HRC or the WFC. Supernovae will only be observed if there is pre-explosion HST imaging in more than one filter available, and if the supernova is a core-collapse, and if it is within approximately 20Mpc. The goal of the programme is to identify the massive star progenitors of supernovae in HST archive images. To do this we need precise differential astrometry between the before and after. The images in this proposal will provide the astrometry of the supernova for comparison with pre-explosion images. This is a ToO programme, in which we cannot specify targets for the Phase II deadline, but will trigger on suitable objects as the Cycle progresses. Generally we can plan well in advance, and not disrupt the HST schedule. Real Time Justification ----------------------- Calibration Justification ------------------------- Additional Comments ------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10803( 6) - 03/19/07 10:53 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN1999GA EXT-STAR, SUPERNOVA RA=07H36M16.7000S +/- 0.1", J2000 V = 23.0+/-1.0 TYPE II, SUPERNOVA DEC=-69D33'22.00" +/- 0.1" Reference Frame: Other: Literature 2 SN2006MY EXT-STAR, SUPERNOVA RA=12H43M40.7400S +/- 1", J2000 V = 18.5+/-0.5 TYPE II, SUPERNOVA DEC=+16D23'14.00" +/- 1" Reference Frame: ICRS 10803( 6) - 03/19/07 10:53 - [ 4] TARGET LIST Generic Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Selection Criteria | Flux data No | Name | Description | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 SN2007ZZ EXT-STAR, SUPERNOVA V = 18.0+/-1.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10803( 6) - 03/19/07 10:53 - [ 5] Patterns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 1 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type ACS-WFC-DITHER-LINE Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 2 Point_Spacing 0.145 Line_Spacing Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 47.23 Angle_Between_Sides Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 2 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type ACS-WFC-DITHER-LINE Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 3 Point_Spacing 0.145 Line_Spacing Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 47.23 Angle_Between_Sides Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 3 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type ACS-HRC-DITHER-LINE Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 3 Point_Spacing 0.198 Line_Spacing Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 44.28 Angle_Between_Sides Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10803( 6) - 03/19/07 10:53 - [ 6] Visit: 01 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: BEFORE 31-DEC-2006:00:00:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: ToO Trigger Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN1999GA ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F435W CR-SPLIT=2 1 790 S PATTERN 1 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SN1999GA ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F658N CR-SPLIT=NO 1 450 S PATTERN 2 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SN1999GA ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 400 S PATTERN 2 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN1999GA 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F435W 1 none none 1 1 N/A SN1999GA 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F435W 1 none none 2 1 N/A SN1999GA 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F435W 2 none none 1 1 N/A SN1999GA 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F435W 2 none none 2 1 N/A SN1999GA 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F658N 1 none none none 1 N/A SN1999GA 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F658N 2 none none none 2 N/A SN1999GA 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F658N 3 none none none 2 N/A SN1999GA 3 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F814W 1 none none none 2 N/A SN1999GA 3 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F814W 2 none none none 2 N/A SN1999GA 3 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC1 F814W 3 none none none 2 N/A 10803( 6) - 03/19/07 10:53 - [ 7] Visit: 02 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: BEFORE 30-JUN-2007:00:00:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: ToO Trigger Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN2006MY ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F435W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 510 S PATTERN 3 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SN2006MY ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F814W CR-SPLIT=NO 1 400 S PATTERN 3 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SN2006MY ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F555W CR-SPLIT=2 1 640 S PATTERN 3 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN2006MY 1 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F435W 1 none none none 1 N/A SN2006MY 1 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F435W 2 none none none 1 N/A SN2006MY 1 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F435W 3 none none none 1 N/A SN2006MY 2 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F814W 1 none none none 1 N/A SN2006MY 2 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F814W 2 none none none 1 N/A SN2006MY 2 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F814W 3 none none none 2 N/A SN2006MY 3 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F555W 1 none none 1 2 N/A SN2006MY 3 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F555W 1 none none 2 2 N/A SN2006MY 3 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F555W 2 none none 1 2 N/A SN2006MY 3 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F555W 2 none none 2 2 N/A SN2006MY 3 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F555W 3 none none 1 2 N/A SN2006MY 3 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC-FIX F555W 3 none none 2 2 N/A 10803( 6) - 03/19/07 10:53 - [ 8] Visit: 03 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: BEFORE 30-JUN-2007:00:00:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN2006MY WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F555W CR-SPLIT=0.5,CR-TOLERANCE=0 2 600 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SN2006MY WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W 1 1200 S see below ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SN2006MY WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W 1 1400 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN2006MY 1 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F555W none none 1 1 1 N/A SN2006MY 1 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F555W none none 1 2 1 N/A SN2006MY 1 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F555W none none 2 1 1 N/A SN2006MY 1 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F555W none none 2 2 1 N/A SN2006MY 2 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W none none none 1 1 500.0 S SN2006MY 2 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W none none none 2 2 700.0 S SN2006MY 3 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W none none none 1 2 N/A SN2006MY 3 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W none none none 2 2 N/A 10803( 6) - 03/19/07 10:53 - [ 9] Visit: 04 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: ON HOLD On Hold Comments: ToO on hold Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN2007ZZ ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC F555W 1 900 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN2007ZZ 1 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC F555W none none none 1 1 N/A SN2007ZZ 1 ACS/HRC ACCUM HRC F555W none none none 2 1 N/A 10803( 6) - 03/19/07 10:53 - [ 10] Summary Form for Proposal 10803 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures WFC1 HRC-FIX PC1-FIX HRC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations ACS/WFC ACS/HRC WFPC2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM IMAGE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters CR-SPLIT=2 CR-SPLIT=NO CR-SPLIT=0.5 CR-TOLERANCE=0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements BEFORE 31-DEC-2006 00 00 00; PATTERN 1 1; PATTERN 2 2; PATTERN 2 3; BEFORE 30-JUN-2007 00 00 00; PATTERN 3 1; PATTERN 3 2; PATTERN 3 3; BEFORE 30-JUN-2007 00 00 00; ON HOLD; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F435W F658N F814W F555W F450W ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names SN1999GA SN2006MY SN2007ZZ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------