11119( 10) - 15-Jul-2008 19:19:04 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 11119 Version: 10 Check-in Time: 15-Jul-2008 19:19:04 STScI Edit Number: 6 Title The Stellar Origins of Supernovae ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 16 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Schuyler D. Van Dyk Jet Propulsion Laboratory CoI: Dr. Weidong Li University of California - Berkeley N CoI: Dr. Alex V. Filippenko University of California - Berkeley N CoI: Dr. Nathan Smith University of California - Berkeley N CoI: Mr. Ryan Foley University of California - Berkeley N CoI: Mr. Jean-Charles Cuillandre Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Corporation N CoI: Dr. Saurabh Jha KIPAC/SLAC; Rutgers University (in 2007 N Sept.) CoI: Dr. Mario Hamuy Universidad de Chile N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract Supernovae (SNe) have a profound effect on galaxies, and have been used recently as precise cosmological probes, resulting in the discovery of the accelerating Universe. They are clearly very important events deserving of intense study. Yet, even with nearly 4000 known SNe, we know relatively little about the stars which give rise to these powerful explosions. The main limitation has been the lack of spatial resolution in pre-SN imaging data. However, since 1999 our team has been at the vanguard of directly identifying SN progenitor stars in HST images. From this exciting new line of study, the emerging trend from 5 detections for Type II-Plateau SNe is that their progenitors appear to be relatively low mass (8 to 20 Msun) red supergiants, although more cases are needed. Nonetheless, the nature of the progenitors of Type Ib/c SNe, a subset of which are associated with the amazing gamma-ray bursts, remains ambiguous. Furthermore, we remain in the continually embarrassing situation that we still do not yet know which progenitor systems explode as Type Ia SNe, which are currently being used for precision cosmology. We propose to confirm the identities of the progenitors of 4 SNe within 17 Mpc, which we expect to occur during Cycle 16, through ToO observations using WFPC2/PC. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ We plan for four ToO triggers during Cycle 16. Generally, if we detect one or more candidate stellar objects within a 1-sigma positional uncertainty in ACS or WFPC2 pre-supernova archival image(s), we will request a trigger to confirm the progenitor candidate. We request imaging with WFPC2/PC, to provide the highest possible spatial resolution. Imaging will be in two bands, generally V (F555W) and I (F814W). We will likely request triggers when the SN is still fairly bright, depending on its age at discovery, but limit this to m>~13 mag. The imaging will be done in pairs of short and long exposures per band. If we are very fortunate to have a nearby (<~ 6 Mpc) SN Ia occur, we will image in pairs of U (F336W) and B (F439W) exposures, since these SNe will likely be too bright in the redder 11119( 10) - 15-Jul-2008 19:19:04 - [ 2] bands, but fade more rapidly in the blue. The ToOs are not at all urgent, and the SNe can be imaged many months after explosion, so there should be no disruption of normal scheduling. We will not place constraints on the observations, given the two-gyro operational mode. We request triggers with exposures of 40s/800s in F555W and 20s/700s in F814W, with possibly one trigger with exposures of 80s/1000s in F336W and 40s/500s in F439W, in CR splits with WFPC2/PC. Real Time Justification ----------------------- Calibration Justification ------------------------- Additional Comments ------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11119( 10) - 15-Jul-2008 19:19:04 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN2007GR STAR, SUPERNOVA, RA=02H43M27.9800S +/- 0.1", J2000 V = 15 +/- 1 SUPERNOVA TYPE IB DEC=+37D20'44.70" +/- 0.1" Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SN2008AX STAR, SUPERNOVA RA=12H30M40.8200S +/- 0.2", J2000 V = 15.4 +/- 1 DEC=+41D38'15.20" +/- 0.2" Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SN2008CN STAR, SUPERNOVA, RA=12H40M55.6400S +/- 0.2", J2000 V = 16.5 +/- 0.5 SUPERNOVA TYPE II DEC=-40D58'12.90" +/- 0.2" Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 SNIA2007WW STAR, SUPERNOVA RA=00H00M0.0000S +/- 0.1", J2000 V = 18 +/- 1 DEC=+00D00'0.00" +/- 0.1" Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11119( 10) - 15-Jul-2008 19:19:04 - [ 4] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: AFTER 20-OCT-2007:00:00:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN2007GR WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W ATD-GAIN=15 1 100.0 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SN2007GR WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W ATD-GAIN=15 1 100.0 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SN2007GR WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W ATD-GAIN=15 1 100.0 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 SN2007GR WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W ATD-GAIN=15 1 100.0 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 SN2007GR WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W ATD-GAIN=15 1 100.0 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 SN2007GR WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W ATD-GAIN=15 1 100.0 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 SN2007GR WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W ATD-GAIN=15 1 100.0 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 SN2007GR WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W ATD-GAIN=15 1 40.0 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 SN2007GR WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W ATD-GAIN=15 1 40.0 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 SN2007GR WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W ATD-GAIN=15 1 40.0 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 SN2007GR WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W ATD-GAIN=15 1 40.0 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 SN2007GR WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W ATD-GAIN=15 1 40.0 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 SN2007GR WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W ATD-GAIN=15 1 40.0 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14 SN2007GR WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W ATD-GAIN=15 1 40.0 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 SN2007GR WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W ATD-GAIN=15 1 40.0 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN2007GR 1 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W none none none none 1 N/A SN2007GR 2 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W none none none none 1 N/A SN2007GR 3 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W none none none none 1 N/A SN2007GR 4 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W none none none none 1 N/A SN2007GR 5 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W none none none none 1 N/A SN2007GR 6 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W none none none none 1 N/A 11119( 10) - 15-Jul-2008 19:19:04 - [ 5] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN2007GR 7 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W none none none none 1 N/A SN2007GR 8 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W none none none none 1 N/A SN2007GR 9 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W none none none none 1 N/A SN2007GR 10 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W none none none none 1 N/A SN2007GR 11 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W none none none none 1 N/A SN2007GR 12 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W none none none none 1 N/A SN2007GR 13 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W none none none none 1 N/A SN2007GR 14 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W none none none none 1 N/A SN2007GR 15 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W none none none none 1 N/A 11119( 10) - 15-Jul-2008 19:19:04 - [ 6] Visit: 02 Visit Requirements: ON HOLD On Hold Comments: ToO Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN2008AX WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W ATD-GAIN=15 1 100.0 S GS ACQ SCENARIO SINGLE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SN2008AX WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W ATD-GAIN=15 1 100.0 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SN2008AX WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W ATD-GAIN=15 1 100.0 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 SN2008AX WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W ATD-GAIN=15 1 100.0 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 SN2008AX WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W ATD-GAIN=15 1 100.0 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 SN2008AX WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W ATD-GAIN=15 1 100.0 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 SN2008AX WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W ATD-GAIN=15 1 100.0 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 SN2008AX WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W ATD-GAIN=15 1 40.0 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 SN2008AX WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W ATD-GAIN=15 1 40.0 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 SN2008AX WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W ATD-GAIN=15 1 40.0 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 SN2008AX WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W ATD-GAIN=15 1 40.0 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 SN2008AX WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W ATD-GAIN=15 1 40.0 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 SN2008AX WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W ATD-GAIN=15 1 40.0 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14 SN2008AX WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W ATD-GAIN=15 1 40.0 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 SN2008AX WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W ATD-GAIN=15 1 40.0 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN2008AX 1 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W none none none none 1 N/A SN2008AX 2 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W none none none none 1 N/A SN2008AX 3 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W none none none none 1 N/A SN2008AX 4 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W none none none none 1 N/A SN2008AX 5 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W none none none none 1 N/A SN2008AX 6 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W none none none none 1 N/A 11119( 10) - 15-Jul-2008 19:19:04 - [ 7] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN2008AX 7 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F450W none none none none 1 N/A SN2008AX 8 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W none none none none 1 N/A SN2008AX 9 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W none none none none 1 N/A SN2008AX 10 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W none none none none 1 N/A SN2008AX 11 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W none none none none 1 N/A SN2008AX 12 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W none none none none 1 N/A SN2008AX 13 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W none none none none 1 N/A SN2008AX 14 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W none none none none 1 N/A SN2008AX 15 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W none none none none 1 N/A 11119( 10) - 15-Jul-2008 19:19:04 - [ 8] Visit: 03 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN2008CN WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F555W ATD-GAIN=15 1 100 S GS ACQ SCENARIO BASE1T3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SN2008CN WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F555W ATD-GAIN=15 1 100 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SN2008CN WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F555W ATD-GAIN=15 1 100 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 SN2008CN WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F555W ATD-GAIN=15 1 100 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 SN2008CN WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F555W ATD-GAIN=15 1 100 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 SN2008CN WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F555W ATD-GAIN=15 1 100 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 SN2008CN WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F555W ATD-GAIN=15 1 100 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 SN2008CN WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W ATD-GAIN=15 1 40 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 SN2008CN WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W ATD-GAIN=15 1 40 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 SN2008CN WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W ATD-GAIN=15 1 40 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 SN2008CN WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W ATD-GAIN=15 1 40 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 SN2008CN WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W ATD-GAIN=15 1 40 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 SN2008CN WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W ATD-GAIN=15 1 40 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14 SN2008CN WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W ATD-GAIN=15 1 40 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 SN2008CN WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W ATD-GAIN=15 1 40 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN2008CN 1 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F555W none none none none 1 N/A SN2008CN 2 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F555W none none none none 1 N/A SN2008CN 3 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F555W none none none none 1 N/A SN2008CN 4 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F555W none none none none 1 N/A SN2008CN 5 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F555W none none none none 1 N/A SN2008CN 6 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F555W none none none none 1 N/A 11119( 10) - 15-Jul-2008 19:19:04 - [ 9] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN2008CN 7 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F555W none none none none 1 N/A SN2008CN 8 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W none none none none 1 N/A SN2008CN 9 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W none none none none 1 N/A SN2008CN 10 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W none none none none 1 N/A SN2008CN 11 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W none none none none 1 N/A SN2008CN 12 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W none none none none 1 N/A SN2008CN 13 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W none none none none 1 N/A SN2008CN 14 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W none none none none 1 N/A SN2008CN 15 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F814W none none none none 1 N/A 11119( 10) - 15-Jul-2008 19:19:04 - [ 10] Visit: 04 Visit Requirements: ON HOLD On Hold Comments: ToO Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SNIA2007WW WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F336W CR-SPLIT=0.5 1 80.0 S see below ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SNIA2007WW WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F336W CR-SPLIT=0.5 1 1000.0 S see below ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SNIA2007WW WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F439W CR-SPLIT=0.5 1 40.0 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 SNIA2007WW WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F439W CR-SPLIT=0.5 1 500.0 S see below ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SNIA2007WW 1 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F336W none none none 1 1 40.0 S SNIA2007WW 1 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F336W none none none 2 1 40.0 S SNIA2007WW 2 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F336W none none none 1 1 500.0 S SNIA2007WW 2 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F336W none none none 2 1 500.0 S SNIA2007WW 3 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F439W none none none 1 1 N/A SNIA2007WW 3 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F439W none none none 2 1 N/A SNIA2007WW 4 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F439W none none none 1 1 200.0 S SNIA2007WW 4 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1-FIX F439W none none none 2 1 200.0 S 11119( 10) - 15-Jul-2008 19:19:04 - [ 11] Summary Form for Proposal 11119 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures PC1-FIX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations WFPC2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes IMAGE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters ATD-GAIN=15, CR-SPLIT=0.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements AFTER 20-OCT-2007:00:00:00, GS ACQ SCENARIO BASE1T3, GS ACQ SCENARIO SINGLE, ON HOLD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F336W, F439W, F450W, F555W, F814W ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names SN2007GR, SN2008AX, SN2008CN, SNIA2007WW ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------