11133( 3) - 06/14/07 14:35 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 11133 Version: 3 Check-in Time: 14-Jun-2007 18:34:58 STScI Edit Number: 0 Title Late-Time Photometry of SN 2005hk: A New Kind of Type Ia Supernova ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle Parallel Pointing Tolerance GO 16 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Saurabh Jha Rutgers the State University of New Jersey CoI: Dr. David R. Branch University of Oklahoma Norman Campus N CoI: Dr. Mark M. Phillips Carnegie Institution of Washington N CoI: Dr. Adam Riess Space Telescope Science Institute N CoI: Dr. Alex V. Filippenko University of California - Berkeley N CoI: Dr. Weidong Li University of California - Berkeley N CoI: Mr. Ryan Chornock University of California - Berkeley N CoI: Mr. Ryan Foley University of California - Berkeley N CoI: Dr. Roger Romani Stanford University N CoI: Ms. Chen Zheng Stanford University N CoI: Dr. Joshua Frieman University of Chicago N CoI: Dr. Peter Garnavich University of Notre Dame N CoI: Dr. Jon A. Holtzman New Mexico State University N CoI: Dr. J. Craig Wheeler University of Texas at Austin N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract Our lack of understanding of Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) explosions limits our confidence in their use for cosmology. While there is broad agreement that these objects represent the explosions of white dwarfs, the details of the explosion mechanism are not well-understood. Recent observations have detected a previously unacknowledged variant class of SNe Ia whose photometric and spectroscopic peculiarities make them quite distinct from normal SNe Ia. These objects represent a challenge for thermonuclear supernova models, as a complete theory of exploding white dwarfs must allow for their existence. A particularly well-studied example of this class of objects is the recent SN 2005hk, whose properties in some respects resemble those of models which invoke a subsonic burning front, called a deflagration. We propose to test SN Ia models by obtaining late-time photometry for this extreme SN Ia using WFPC2 and NICMOS on HST. We will accurately measure the late-time photometric decline rate and spectral energy distribution (SED). These observations will allow us to test whether the ejecta contain the large amount of oxygen predicted by certain models, the efficiency of energy deposition by gamma rays and positrons, and possibly detect major evolution of the SED expected due to a change in the dominant cooling mechanism of the ejecta. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11133( 3) - 06/14/07 14:35 - [ 2] Observations Description ------------------------ We will observe SN 2005hk with WFPC2 in F555W, F675W, and F814W. To image SN 2005hk, we will use the PC with a standard dither pattern, providing a well- sampled point-spread function and the best photometry. In addition we will follow the recommendation to mitigate CTE losses by placing the SN at position (150, 150), nearer to the readout electronics than the default aperture. Other point sources throughout the field will be used to firmly establish the astrometry and precise location of SN 2005hk. Based on extrapolations of the current data and inferences from other SNe Ia, we anticipate SN 2005hk to have V ~ 25, R ~ 24.5, and I ~ 23.5, at the epoch of observation, with an uncertainty of about 1 mag. To meaningfully constrain models, we must achieve S/N >= 10 in all bands, even in the pessimistic case (1 mag below the prediction). Based on the WFPC2 exposure time calculator and including overheads, this requires a total of 4 orbits. We will also observe SN 2005hk with NICMOS in F110W and F160W. During the observation window, we predict J ~ 23.5, and H ~ 23, for the supernova. We have chosen the NIC2 detector to get the best balance of high sensitivity and angular resolution to resolve the PSF, and will use a standard dither pattern. With 2 orbits in F110W and 3 orbits in F160W, we will again ensure S/N >= 10 even if the SN flux is low by as much as 1 mag. UPDATE: Recent data show that SN 2005hk has faded faster in the optical than its previous decline rate would have predicted. We thus intend to go deeper in our observations by replacing the V (F555W) and R (F675W) exposures with images in the more efficient F606W passband (effectively V+R). This change will still allow us to constrain the SN SED in the optical region. Real Time Justification ----------------------- Calibration Justification ------------------------- Additional Comments ------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11133( 3) - 06/14/07 14:35 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN-2005HK EXT-STAR, SUPERNOVA RA=00H27M50.8805S +/- 0.3", J2000 V = 25.0+/-1.0 TYPE IA DEC=-01D11'53.33" +/- 0.3" R = 24.5 +/-1 I = 23.5 +/- 1 J = 23.5 +/- 1 H = 23 +/- 1; fading Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the NED database. 11133( 3) - 06/14/07 14:35 - [ 4] Patterns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 1 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type WFPC2-BOX Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 4 Point_Spacing 0.559017 Line_Spacing 0.559017 Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 26.56505 Angle_Between_Sides 143.130102 Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 2 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type NIC-SPIRAL-DITH Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 8 Point_Spacing 0.340425 Line_Spacing Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 0.0 Angle_Between_Sides Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 3 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type NIC-SPIRAL-DITH Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 12 Point_Spacing 0.340425 Line_Spacing Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 0.0 Angle_Between_Sides Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11133( 3) - 06/14/07 14:35 - [ 5] Visit: 01 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: ORIENT 250.0D TO 320.0 D; BEFORE 01-OCT-2007:00:00:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN-2005HK WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F814W 1 400 S POS TARG -7,-8; PATTERN 1 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN-2005HK 1 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F814W 1 none none none 1 N/A SN-2005HK 1 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F814W 2 none none none 1 N/A SN-2005HK 1 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F814W 3 none none none 1 N/A SN-2005HK 1 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F814W 4 none none none 1 N/A 11133( 3) - 06/14/07 14:35 - [ 6] Visit: 02 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: ORIENT 250.0D TO 320.0 D; BEFORE 01-OCT-2007:00:00:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN-2005HK WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F606W 1 400 S POS TARG -7,-8; PATTERN 1 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 SN-2005HK WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F606W 1 400 S POS TARG -7,-8; PATTERN 1 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 SN-2005HK WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F606W 1 400 S POS TARG -7,-8; PATTERN 1 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN-2005HK 1 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F606W 1 none none none 1 N/A SN-2005HK 1 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F606W 2 none none none 1 N/A SN-2005HK 1 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F606W 3 none none none 1 N/A SN-2005HK 1 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F606W 4 none none none 1 N/A SN-2005HK 2 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F606W 1 none none none 2 N/A SN-2005HK 2 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F606W 2 none none none 2 N/A SN-2005HK 2 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F606W 3 none none none 2 N/A SN-2005HK 2 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F606W 4 none none none 2 N/A SN-2005HK 3 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F606W 1 none none none 3 N/A SN-2005HK 3 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F606W 2 none none none 3 N/A SN-2005HK 3 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F606W 3 none none none 3 N/A SN-2005HK 3 WFPC2 IMAGE PC1 F606W 4 none none none 3 N/A 11133( 3) - 06/14/07 14:35 - [ 7] Visit: 03 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: BEFORE 01-OCT-2007:00:00:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Please schedule in SAA-free orbits. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN-2005HK NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FIX F110W NSAMP=12,SAMP-SEQ=SPARS64 1 DEF PATTERN 2 1 CUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN-2005HK 1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FIX F110W 1 none none none 1 N/A CUM SN-2005HK 1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FIX F110W 2 none none none 1 N/A CUM SN-2005HK 1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FIX F110W 3 none none none 1 N/A CUM SN-2005HK 1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FIX F110W 4 none none none 1 N/A CUM SN-2005HK 1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FIX F110W 5 none none none 2 N/A CUM SN-2005HK 1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FIX F110W 6 none none none 2 N/A CUM SN-2005HK 1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FIX F110W 7 none none none 2 N/A CUM SN-2005HK 1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FIX F110W 8 none none none 2 N/A CUM 11133( 3) - 06/14/07 14:35 - [ 8] Visit: 04 Visit Priority: Visit Requirements: BEFORE 01-OCT-2007:00:00:00 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Please schedule in SAA-free orbits. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 SN-2005HK NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FIX F160W NSAMP=12,SAMP-SEQ=SPARS64 1 DEF PATTERN 3 1 CUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SN-2005HK 1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FIX F160W 1 none none none 1 N/A CUM SN-2005HK 1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FIX F160W 2 none none none 1 N/A CUM SN-2005HK 1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FIX F160W 3 none none none 1 N/A CUM SN-2005HK 1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FIX F160W 4 none none none 1 N/A CUM SN-2005HK 1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FIX F160W 5 none none none 2 N/A CUM SN-2005HK 1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FIX F160W 6 none none none 2 N/A CUM SN-2005HK 1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FIX F160W 7 none none none 2 N/A CUM SN-2005HK 1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FIX F160W 8 none none none 2 N/A CUM SN-2005HK 1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FIX F160W 9 none none none 3 N/A CUM SN-2005HK 1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FIX F160W 10 none none none 3 N/A CUM SN-2005HK 1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FIX F160W 11 none none none 3 N/A CUM SN-2005HK 1 NIC2 MULTIAC NIC2-FIX F160W 12 none none none 3 N/A CUM 11133( 3) - 06/14/07 14:35 - [ 9] Summary Form for Proposal 11133 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures PC1 NIC2-FIX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations WFPC2 NIC2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes IMAGE MULTIACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters NSAMP=12 SAMP-SEQ=SPARS64 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements ORIENT 250.0D TO 320.0 D; BEFORE 01-OCT-2007 00 00 00; POS TARG -7,-8; PATTERN 1 1; BEFORE 01-OCT-2007 00 00 00; PATTERN 1 2; PATTERN 1 3; BEFORE 01-OCT-2007 00 00 00; PATTERN 2 1; BEFORE 01-OCT-2007 00 00 00; PATTERN 3 1; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F814W F606W F110W F160W ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names SN-2005HK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------