11574( 4) - 02-Mar-2010 14:29:36 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 11574 Version: 4 Check-in Time: 02-Mar-2010 14:29:36 STScI Edit Number: 1 Title Physical Characteristics of the Massive Outflow in 3C 48 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 17 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Alan N. Stockton University of Hawaii CoI: Dr. Lisa Kewley University of Hawaii N CoI: Mr. Hai Fu University of Hawaii N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract Superwinds associated with the triggering of quasars are of current interest because such feedback effects may be connected with the initial formation of the black-hole-mass/bulge mass correlation. In the z = 0.369 compact-steep-spectrum quasar 3C48, ground-based IFU observations show the presence of a high-velocity, wide-solid-angle outflow of gas, apparently connected with the recent formation of the radio jet. The total mass of gas in this outflow is at least 10^9 solar masses, but it could be well over 10^10 solar masses (i.e., similar to or greater than the total interstellar mass of the Milky Way) if most of the gas has densities like those seen in other quasar extended emission regions. To determine the physical state and energetics of the gas in the outflow, we request (1) high-spatial-resolution spectroscopy over a wide spectral range, including the near UV, and (2) medium-resolution spectroscopy of the strong [O III] 5007 line, which, when combined with unpublished archival data, will allow complete coverage of the velocity field of the high-velocity gas in the inner region. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ The proposed low-resolution observations use a 0.2" slit at a nominal position angle of 0 deg centered on the quasar and covering the brightest region of the high-velocity emission ~ 0.2" to the north. While the narrow-band LRF WFPC-2 image shows the brightness peak slightly west of north, this position is influenced by the filter response function and the variation of velocity with position. From our GMOS IFU data shown in Fig. 3, we conclude that the best compromise position angle for the slit is due north. We use 3 of the low-resolution modes to cover rest-frame wavelengths from below Ly-alpha to beyond H-alpha and [S II] 6716, 6731: the G230L grating with the NUV-MAMA detector, and the G430L and G750L gratings with the CCD. From archival WFPC2 linear-ramp-filter imaging, we have estimated the [O III] 5007 flux in the resolved emission peak ~ 0.2" north of the quasar to be ~ 10^-14 ergs cm^-2 s^-1. For the optical lines, we use measurements of an extended emission region in the quasar 4C37.43 (Stockton et al. 2002) to estimate relative line strengths. For the UV lines, we use models from the same paper that fit the optical spectrum well to predict the strengths. The estimates are likely to be somewhat conservative, as most of the weaker diagnostic lines are from species requiring similar or higher ionization potentials than [O III], and our best guess is that the gas in the region we are observing in 3C48 will likely have a 11574( 4) - 02-Mar-2010 14:29:36 - [ 2] higher ionization parameter than that in 4C37.43, since it is at a considerably smaller projected distance from the quasar. The lines that set the required exposure times are He II 1640 and C III] 1909 in the UV, and [Ne V] 3425, [O III] 4363, and He II 4686 in the optical region. Because we need to fit profiles to separate out the high-velocity emission from extended emission at the systemic velocity, we need a S/N > 10 per resolution element in these weaker lines. The weaker lines in the optical have typical predicted fluxes of ~ 2?10^-16 ergs cm^-2 s^-1; those in the UV have ~ 10^-15 ergs cm^-2 s^-1. However, the STIS ETC gives exposures to reach a S/N ~ 10 of ~ 4500 s in all cases. We therefore request 2 orbits for each of our grating/detector configurations, for a total of 6 orbits for the low-spectral-resolution observations. For the high-resolution observations of the [O III] 5007 region, we request the same exposures as the archival spectra we are matching, which we have found to give satisfactory S/N for profile fitting: 2 orbits for each of the 2 slit positions, for a total of 4 orbits. Thus, we are requesting 10 orbits in all. There have been several previous HST spectroscopic investigations of 3C48 (6707, 8299, 9280, and our own 9365), but none of these duplicate the proposed observations. Those from GO-8299 cover some of the region we are interested in, but these have a spectral range that includes only small regions around the H-beta-[O III] 5007 region and the H-alpha region. As described above, 2 of our slit positions will obtain similar observations of the H-beta-[O III] 5007 region in spatial gaps not covered by this program. The remaining programs do not have the required spatial coverage, do not cover spectral regions of interest, or both. Real Time Justification ----------------------- Calibration Justification ------------------------- Additional Comments ------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11574( 4) - 02-Mar-2010 14:29:36 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 3C-048 GALAXY, EJECTA, RA=01H37M41.3100S +/- 0.1", J2000 Z = V = 16.06 +/- 0.1 EMISSION LINE NEBULA, DEC=+33D09'34.90" +/- 0.1" 0.36926 WIND Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the NED database. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11574( 4) - 02-Mar-2010 14:29:36 - [ 4] Patterns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 1 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type STIS-ALONG-SLIT Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 5 Point_Spacing 1.008 Line_Spacing Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 90.0 Angle_Between_Sides Center_Pattern YES Pattern_Comments: Meant to give 42 pixels between points. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 2 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type STIS-ALONG-SLIT Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 4 Point_Spacing 1.00 Line_Spacing Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 90.0 Angle_Between_Sides Center_Pattern YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 3 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type STIS-PERP-TO-SLIT STIS-ALONG-SLIT Pattern_Purpose MOSAIC DITHER Number_Of_Points 2 4 Point_Spacing 0.3 1.0 Line_Spacing Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 0.0 90.0 Angle_Between_Sides Center_Pattern YES NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 4 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type STIS-ALONG-SLIT Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 2 Point_Spacing 1 Line_Spacing Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 90.0 Angle_Between_Sides Center_Pattern YES 11574( 4) - 02-Mar-2010 14:29:36 - [ 5] Patterns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11574( 4) - 02-Mar-2010 14:29:36 - [ 6] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: PCS MODE FINE; ORIENT 40D TO 50 D; ORIENT 220D TO 230 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 3C-048 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR 1 5 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 3C-048 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.2F1- MIRROR 1 5 S K R ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 3C-048 STIS/NUV ACCUM 52X0.2 G230L 2376 1 900 S PATTERN 1 3 -MAMA see below ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3C-048 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A 3C-048 2 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.2F1 MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A K -R 3C-048 3 STIS/NUV ACCUM 52X0.2 G230L 2376 1 none none none 1 1050.0 S -MAMA 3C-048 3 STIS/NUV ACCUM 52X0.2 G230L 2376 2 none none none 1 1050.0 S -MAMA 3C-048 3 STIS/NUV ACCUM 52X0.2 G230L 2376 3 none none none 2 921.0 S -MAMA 3C-048 3 STIS/NUV ACCUM 52X0.2 G230L 2376 4 none none none 2 921.0 S -MAMA 3C-048 3 STIS/NUV ACCUM 52X0.2 G230L 2376 5 none none none 2 921.0 S -MAMA 11574( 4) - 02-Mar-2010 14:29:36 - [ 7] Visit: 02 Visit Requirements: PCS MODE FINE; SAME ORIENT AS 01 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 3C-048 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR 1 5 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 3C-048 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.2F1- MIRROR 1 5 S K R ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 3C-048 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2 G430L 4300 CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1099 S PATTERN 2 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 3C-048 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2 G750L 7751 CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1000 S POS TARG 0.0, -1.0; see below PATTERN 4 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 CCDFLAT STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2 G750L 7751 2 DEF ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 3C-048 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2 G750L 7751 CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1000 S POS TARG 0.0, 1.0; see below PATTERN 4 6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 CCDFLAT STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2 G750L 7751 2 DEF ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3C-048 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A 3C-048 2 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.2F1 MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A K -R 3C-048 3 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2 G430L 4300 1 none none none 1 N/A 3C-048 3 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2 G430L 4300 2 none none none 1 N/A 3C-048 3 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2 G430L 4300 3 none none none 2 1456.0 S 3C-048 3 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2 G430L 4300 4 none none none 2 1456.0 S 3C-048 4 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2 G750L 7751 1 none none none 3 1483.0 S 3C-048 4 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2 G750L 7751 2 none none none 3 1483.0 S CCDFLAT 5 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2 G750L 7751 none none 1 none 3 N/A CCDFLAT 5 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2 G750L 7751 none none 2 none 3 N/A 3C-048 6 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2 G750L 7751 1 none none none 4 1482.0 S 3C-048 6 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2 G750L 7751 2 none none none 4 1482.0 S CCDFLAT 7 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2 G750L 7751 none none 1 none 4 N/A CCDFLAT 7 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2 G750L 7751 none none 2 none 4 N/A 11574( 4) - 02-Mar-2010 14:29:36 - [ 8] Visit: 03 Visit Requirements: PCS MODE FINE; ORIENT 50D TO 50 D; ORIENT 230D TO 230 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 3C-048 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR 1 5 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 3C-048 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.2F1- MIRROR 1 5 S K R ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 3C-048 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2 G750M 6768 CR-SPLIT=NO 1 1000 S PATTERN 3 3 see below ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3C-048 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50LP MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A 3C-048 2 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.2F1 MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A K -R 3C-048 3 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2 G750M 6768 1 1 none none 1 1064.0 S 3C-048 3 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2 G750M 6768 1 2 none none 1 1064.0 S 3C-048 3 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2 G750M 6768 1 3 none none 2 1458.0 S 3C-048 3 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2 G750M 6768 1 4 none none 2 1458.0 S 3C-048 3 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2 G750M 6768 2 1 none none 3 1458.0 S 3C-048 3 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2 G750M 6768 2 2 none none 3 1458.0 S 3C-048 3 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2 G750M 6768 2 3 none none 4 1456.0 S 3C-048 3 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2 G750M 6768 2 4 none none 4 1456.0 S 11574( 4) - 02-Mar-2010 14:29:36 - [ 9] Summary Form for Proposal 11574 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures 52X0.2, 52X0.2F1-R, F28X50LP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations STIS/CCD, STIS/NUV-MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM, ACQ, ACQ/PEAK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters CR-SPLIT=NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements ORIENT 220D TO 230 D, ORIENT 230D TO 230 D, ORIENT 40D TO 50 D, ORIENT 50D TO 50 D, PATTERN 1 3, PATTERN 2 3, PATTERN 3 3, PATTERN 4 4, PATTERN 4 6, PCS MODE FINE, POS TARG 0.0, -1.0, POS TARG 0.0, 1.0, SAME ORIENT AS 01 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements G230L, G430L, G750L, G750M, MIRROR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names 3C-048, CCDFLAT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------