11648( 3) - 31-Aug-2009 18:14:53 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 11648 Version: 3 Check-in Time: 31-Aug-2009 18:14:53 STScI Edit Number: 0 Title WFC3 spectroscopy of an X-ray luminous galaxy cluster at z>2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 17 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Emanuele Daddi Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA) CoI: Dr. Alvio Renzini Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova N CoI: Dr. Masato Onodera Yonsei University N CoI: Dr. C. Marcella Carollo Eidgenossiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) N CoI: Prof. Nobuo Arimoto National Astronomical Observatory of Japan N (NAOJ) CoI: Mr. Pascal Oesch Eidgenossiche Technische Hochschule (ETH) N CoI: Dr. Marcella Brusa Max-Planck-Institut fur extraterrestrische N Physik CoI: Dr. Alexis Finoguenov University of Maryland Baltimore County N CoI: Dr. Andrea Cimatti Universita di Bologna N CoI: Dr. Ranga-Ram Chary California Institute of Technology N CoI: Prof. Xu Kong University of Science & Technology of N China ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract We propose to obtain deep WFC3+G141 grism observations to spectroscopically confirm a remarkable z>2 cluster of galaxy candidate. Over a 1000 arcmin^2 field imaged with SpitzerÕs IRAC we have discovered a compact (<30ÕÕ diameter) concentration of extremely red galaxies with a factor of >40 overdensity over the adjacent field. Among these galaxies for which we can derive meaningful photometric redshifts, 17 are consistent with zphot=2-2.5, making it very likely that the concentration is a real cluster at such high redshift. This is further supported by a 3.5 sigma detection of extended X-Ray emission on XMM-Newton data, by a likely color?magnitude sequence of red galaxies, and by the presence of a giant galaxy consistent with a BCG at the cluster redshift. The general faintness of the red galaxies in all optical bands and their high redshifts prevent confirmation of this cluster with ordinary optical spectroscopy. The WFC3 camera with G141 grism provides the only way to confirm this record high-z cluster and measure its redshift from spectral breaks typical of old stellar populations. Our deep integrations will reveal redshifts for at least 19 ultra-red galaxies in the area and of a similar number of bluer galaxies at the cluster redshift. Knowledge of the cluster redshift based on the HST spectra will allow us to reach important scientific aims: find the most distant X?ray emitting evolved galaxy cluster, determine membership of the other galaxies from photometric SED analysis, study their stellar population properties, characterize the color-magnitude relation with constraints on the formation redshift. The proposed observations will establish a first z>2 benchmark for cluster?field comparisons of galaxy formation at this highest redshift and will firmly establish the progenitors of local rich Abell clusters. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description 11648( 3) - 31-Aug-2009 18:14:53 - [ 2] ------------------------ The project is taking a 18 orbit long WFC3/IR+G141 spectroscopy at the location of a concentration of red high redshift galaxies Real Time Justification ----------------------- Calibration Justification ------------------------- Additional Comments ------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11648( 3) - 31-Aug-2009 18:14:53 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HIGHZ-CLUSTE CLUSTER OF GALAXIES, RA=14H49M15.5802S +/- 0.1", J2000 V = 28 R-1 HIGH REDSHIFT CLUSTER DEC=+08D56'16.34" +/- 0.1" Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 HIGHZ-CLUSTE CLUSTER OF GALAXIES, RA=14H49M14.9450S +/- 0.1", J2000 V = 28 R-4 HIGH REDSHIFT CLUSTER DEC=+08D56'21.63" +/- 0.1" Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 HIGHZ-CLUSTE CLUSTER OF GALAXIES, RA=14H49M15.2260S +/- 0.1", J2000 V = 28 R-3 HIGH REDSHIFT CLUSTER DEC=+08D56'5.90" +/- 0.1" Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HIGHZ-CLUSTE CLUSTER OF GALAXIES, RA=14H49M14.9255S +/- 0.1", J2000 V = 28 R-2 HIGH REDSHIFT CLUSTER DEC=+08D56'7.41" +/- 0.1" Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11648( 3) - 31-Aug-2009 18:14:53 - [ 4] Patterns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 1 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type SPIRAL Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 18 Point_Spacing 0.636 Line_Spacing Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 41.788 Angle_Between_Sides Center_Pattern YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 2 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type WFC3-IR-DITHER-LINE Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 4 Point_Spacing 0.636 Line_Spacing Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 41.788 Angle_Between_Sides Center_Pattern YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 3 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type SPIRAL Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 14 Point_Spacing 0.636 Line_Spacing Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 41.788 Angle_Between_Sides Center_Pattern YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11648( 3) - 31-Aug-2009 18:14:53 - [ 5] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 130.9D TO 130.9 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HIGHZ-CLUST WFC3/IR MULTIAC G141-REF F140W NSAMP=12, SAMP-SEQ=SPARS25 1 DEF PATTERN 2 1 ER-1 CUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HIGHZ-CLUST WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 NSAMP=13, SAMP-SEQ=STEP100 1 DEF PATTERN 1 2 ER-1 CUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HIGHZ-CLUSTER-1 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC G141-REF F140W 1 none none none 1 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-1 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC G141-REF F140W 2 none none none 1 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-1 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC G141-REF F140W 3 none none none 1 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-1 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC G141-REF F140W 4 none none none 1 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-1 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 1 none none none 1 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-1 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 2 none none none 1 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-1 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 3 none none none 2 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-1 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 4 none none none 2 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-1 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 5 none none none 2 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-1 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 6 none none none 2 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-1 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 7 none none none 3 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-1 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 8 none none none 3 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-1 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 9 none none none 3 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-1 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 10 none none none 3 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-1 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 11 none none none 4 N/A CUM 11648( 3) - 31-Aug-2009 18:14:53 - [ 6] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HIGHZ-CLUSTER-1 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 12 none none none 4 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-1 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 13 none none none 4 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-1 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 14 none none none 4 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-1 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 15 none none none 5 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-1 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 16 none none none 5 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-1 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 17 none none none 5 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-1 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 18 none none none 5 N/A CUM 11648( 3) - 31-Aug-2009 18:14:53 - [ 7] Visit: 02 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 130.9D TO 130.9 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HIGHZ-CLUST WFC3/IR MULTIAC G141-REF F140W NSAMP=12, SAMP-SEQ=SPARS25 1 DEF PATTERN 2 1 ER-2 CUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HIGHZ-CLUST WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 NSAMP=13, SAMP-SEQ=STEP100 1 DEF PATTERN 1 2 ER-2 CUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HIGHZ-CLUSTER-2 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC G141-REF F140W 1 none none none 1 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-2 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC G141-REF F140W 2 none none none 1 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-2 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC G141-REF F140W 3 none none none 1 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-2 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC G141-REF F140W 4 none none none 1 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-2 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 1 none none none 1 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-2 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 2 none none none 1 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-2 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 3 none none none 2 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-2 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 4 none none none 2 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-2 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 5 none none none 2 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-2 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 6 none none none 2 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-2 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 7 none none none 3 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-2 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 8 none none none 3 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-2 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 9 none none none 3 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-2 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 10 none none none 3 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-2 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 11 none none none 4 N/A CUM 11648( 3) - 31-Aug-2009 18:14:53 - [ 8] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HIGHZ-CLUSTER-2 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 12 none none none 4 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-2 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 13 none none none 4 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-2 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 14 none none none 4 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-2 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 15 none none none 5 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-2 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 16 none none none 5 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-2 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 17 none none none 5 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-2 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 18 none none none 5 N/A CUM 11648( 3) - 31-Aug-2009 18:14:53 - [ 9] Visit: 03 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 107.3D TO 107.3 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HIGHZ-CLUST WFC3/IR MULTIAC G141-REF F140W NSAMP=12, SAMP-SEQ=SPARS25 1 DEF PATTERN 2 1 ER-3 CUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HIGHZ-CLUST WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 NSAMP=13, SAMP-SEQ=STEP100 1 DEF PATTERN 3 2 ER-3 CUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HIGHZ-CLUSTER-3 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC G141-REF F140W 1 none none none 1 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-3 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC G141-REF F140W 2 none none none 1 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-3 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC G141-REF F140W 3 none none none 1 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-3 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC G141-REF F140W 4 none none none 1 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-3 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 1 none none none 1 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-3 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 2 none none none 1 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-3 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 3 none none none 2 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-3 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 4 none none none 2 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-3 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 5 none none none 2 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-3 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 6 none none none 2 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-3 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 7 none none none 3 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-3 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 8 none none none 3 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-3 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 9 none none none 3 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-3 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 10 none none none 3 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-3 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 11 none none none 4 N/A CUM 11648( 3) - 31-Aug-2009 18:14:53 - [ 10] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HIGHZ-CLUSTER-3 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 12 none none none 4 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-3 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 13 none none none 4 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-3 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 14 none none none 4 N/A CUM 11648( 3) - 31-Aug-2009 18:14:53 - [ 11] Visit: 04 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 150.2D TO 150.2 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 HIGHZ-CLUST WFC3/IR MULTIAC G141-REF F140W NSAMP=12, SAMP-SEQ=SPARS25 1 DEF PATTERN 2 1 ER-4 CUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 HIGHZ-CLUST WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 NSAMP=13, SAMP-SEQ=STEP100 1 DEF PATTERN 3 2 ER-4 CUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HIGHZ-CLUSTER-4 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC G141-REF F140W 1 none none none 1 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-4 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC G141-REF F140W 2 none none none 1 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-4 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC G141-REF F140W 3 none none none 1 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-4 1 WFC3/IR MULTIAC G141-REF F140W 4 none none none 1 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-4 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 1 none none none 1 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-4 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 2 none none none 1 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-4 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 3 none none none 2 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-4 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 4 none none none 2 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-4 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 5 none none none 2 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-4 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 6 none none none 2 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-4 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 7 none none none 3 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-4 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 8 none none none 3 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-4 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 9 none none none 3 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-4 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 10 none none none 3 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-4 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 11 none none none 4 N/A CUM 11648( 3) - 31-Aug-2009 18:14:53 - [ 12] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HIGHZ-CLUSTER-4 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 12 none none none 4 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-4 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 13 none none none 4 N/A CUM HIGHZ-CLUSTER-4 2 WFC3/IR MULTIAC IR G141 14 none none none 4 N/A CUM 11648( 3) - 31-Aug-2009 18:14:53 - [ 13] Summary Form for Proposal 11648 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures G141-REF, IR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations WFC3/IR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes MULTIACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters NSAMP=12, NSAMP=13, SAMP-SEQ=SPARS25, SAMP-SEQ=STEP100 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements ORIENT 107.3D TO 107.3 D, ORIENT 130.9D TO 130.9 D, ORIENT 150.2D TO 150.2 D, PATTERN 1 2, PATTERN 2 1, PATTERN 3 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F140W, G141 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names HIGHZ-CLUSTER-1, HIGHZ-CLUSTER-2, HIGHZ-CLUSTER-3, HIGHZ-CLUSTER-4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------