11689( 2) - 03-Jul-2008 19:16:06 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 11689 Version: 2 Check-in Time: 03-Jul-2008 19:16:06 STScI Edit Number: 0 Title Direct Observations of Dark Matter from a Second Bullet: The Spectacular Abell 2744 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 17 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Renato A. Dupke University of Michigan CoI: Dr. Narciso Benitez Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia N (IAA) CoI: Dr. Jesse Krick California Institute of Technology N CoI: Prof. Joel N. Bregman University of Michigan N CoI: Dr. Dan Coe Jet Propulsion Laboratory N CoI: Dr. Laerte sodre Universidade de Sao Paulo N CoI: Dr. Thomas J. Broadhurst Tel Aviv University - Wise Observatory N CoI: Dr. Rebecca A. Bernstein University of California - Santa Cruz N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract Vigorous cluster mergers provide a unique opportunity to directly "see" dark matter and to probe its properties through the analysis of the segregation of the baryonic and non-baryonic components. This is accomplished through detailed comparison of the mass distributions as traced by X-ray emitting gas and by gravitational lensing. This condition is rare and so far only one cluster has met these requirements, the so-called "bullet" cluster, producing exciting results and placing constraints to the properties of dark matter. These constraints have a broad impact on models for formation of structure and on galaxy evolution. This multi-wavelength analysis has the potential confront alternative gravity models such as MOND. Therefore, it is crucial to find new ?bullet clusters? to corroborate and improve previous measurements. This is the most direct way to constrain dark matter properties and A2744 is ideal for corroborating this study since it maximizes all the requirements for this analysis. Here, we propose to carry out such analysis through combined ACS and Chandra observations of the cluster merger Abell 2744. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ The proposed science will be achievable with 2 overlapping pointings, using a filter and depth distribution similar to that of the GOODS survey: 3 F435W orbits, 2.5 F606W orbits and 2.5 F814W orbits Real Time Justification ----------------------- Calibration Justification ------------------------- Additional Comments 11689( 2) - 03-Jul-2008 19:16:06 - [ 2] ------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11689( 2) - 03-Jul-2008 19:16:06 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 ABELL-2744-N CLUSTER OF GALAXIES, RA=00H14M22.0770S +/- 0.1", J2000 V = 15 ORTH GRAVITATIONAL LENS, DEC=-30D22'36.10" +/- 0.1" HIGH REDSHIFT CLUSTER, RICH CLUSTER Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the NED database. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 ABELL-2744-S CLUSTER OF GALAXIES, RA=00H14M18.6180S +/- 0.1", J2000 V = 15 OUTH GRAVITATIONAL LENS, DEC=-30D23'36.64" +/- 0.1" HIGH REDSHIFT CLUSTER, RICH CLUSTER Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11689( 2) - 03-Jul-2008 19:16:06 - [ 4] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 10D TO 45 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: 1st visit on A2744-NORTH, includes 2 F814W orbits split into 4 exposures Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 ABELL-2744- ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F814W 1 1284 S POS TARG 0, 0 NORTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 ABELL-2744- ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F814W 1 1284 S POS TARG 0.248, 3 NORTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 ABELL-2744- ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F814W 1 1394 S POS TARG 0.496, 6 NORTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 ABELL-2744- ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F814W 1 1394 S POS TARG 0.744, 9 NORTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ABELL-2744-NORTH 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F814W none none none none 1 N/A ABELL-2744-NORTH 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F814W none none none none 1 N/A ABELL-2744-NORTH 3 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F814W none none none none 2 N/A ABELL-2744-NORTH 4 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F814W none none none none 2 N/A 11689( 2) - 03-Jul-2008 19:16:06 - [ 5] Visit: 02 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 0.0D TO 25 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: 1st visit on A2744-SOUTH, includes 2 F814W orbits split into 4 exposures Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 ABELL-2744- ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F814W 1 1284 S POS TARG 0, 0 SOUTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 ABELL-2744- ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F814W 1 1284 S POS TARG 0.248, 3 SOUTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 ABELL-2744- ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F814W 1 1394 S POS TARG 0.496, 6 SOUTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 ABELL-2744- ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F814W 1 1394 S POS TARG 0.744, 9 SOUTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ABELL-2744-SOUTH 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F814W none none none none 1 N/A ABELL-2744-SOUTH 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F814W none none none none 1 N/A ABELL-2744-SOUTH 3 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F814W none none none none 2 N/A ABELL-2744-SOUTH 4 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F814W none none none none 2 N/A 11689( 2) - 03-Jul-2008 19:16:06 - [ 6] Visit: 03 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 10D TO 45 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: 2nd visit on A2744-NORTH, includes 2 606W orbits split into 4 exposures Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 ABELL-2744- ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F606W 1 1284 S POS TARG 0, 0 NORTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 ABELL-2744- ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F606W 1 1284 S POS TARG 0.248, 3 NORTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 ABELL-2744- ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F606W 1 1394 S POS TARG 0.496, 6 NORTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 ABELL-2744- ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F606W 1 1394 S POS TARG 0.744, 9 NORTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ABELL-2744-NORTH 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F606W none none none none 1 N/A ABELL-2744-NORTH 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F606W none none none none 1 N/A ABELL-2744-NORTH 3 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F606W none none none none 2 N/A ABELL-2744-NORTH 4 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F606W none none none none 2 N/A 11689( 2) - 03-Jul-2008 19:16:06 - [ 7] Visit: 04 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 0.0D TO 25 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: 2nd visit on A2744-SOUTH, includes 2 606W orbits split into 4 exposures Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 ABELL-2744- ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F606W 1 1284 S POS TARG 0, 0 SOUTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 ABELL-2744- ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F606W 1 1284 S POS TARG 0.248, 3 SOUTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 ABELL-2744- ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F606W 1 1394 S POS TARG 0.496, 6 SOUTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 ABELL-2744- ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F606W 1 1394 S POS TARG 0.744, 9 SOUTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ABELL-2744-SOUTH 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F606W none none none none 1 N/A ABELL-2744-SOUTH 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F606W none none none none 1 N/A ABELL-2744-SOUTH 3 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F606W none none none none 2 N/A ABELL-2744-SOUTH 4 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F606W none none none none 2 N/A 11689( 2) - 03-Jul-2008 19:16:06 - [ 8] Visit: 05 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 10D TO 45 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: 3rd visit on A2744-NORTH, includes 2 F435W orbits split into 4 exposures Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 ABELL-2744- ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F435W 1 1284 S POS TARG 0, 0 NORTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 ABELL-2744- ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F435W 1 1284 S POS TARG 0.248, 3 NORTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 ABELL-2744- ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F435W 1 1394 S POS TARG 0.496, 6 NORTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 ABELL-2744- ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F435W 1 1394 S POS TARG 0.744, 9 NORTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ABELL-2744-NORTH 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F435W none none none none 1 N/A ABELL-2744-NORTH 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F435W none none none none 1 N/A ABELL-2744-NORTH 3 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F435W none none none none 2 N/A ABELL-2744-NORTH 4 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F435W none none none none 2 N/A 11689( 2) - 03-Jul-2008 19:16:06 - [ 9] Visit: 06 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 0.0D TO 25 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: 3rd visit on A2744-SOUTH, includes 2 F435W orbits split into 4 exposures Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 ABELL-2744- ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F435W 1 1284 S POS TARG 0, 0 SOUTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 ABELL-2744- ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F435W 1 1284 S POS TARG 0.248, 3 SOUTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 ABELL-2744- ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F435W 1 1394 S POS TARG 0.496, 6 SOUTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 ABELL-2744- ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F435W 1 1394 S POS TARG 0.744, 9 SOUTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ABELL-2744-SOUTH 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F435W none none none none 1 N/A ABELL-2744-SOUTH 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F435W none none none none 1 N/A ABELL-2744-SOUTH 3 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F435W none none none none 2 N/A ABELL-2744-SOUTH 4 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F435W none none none none 2 N/A 11689( 2) - 03-Jul-2008 19:16:06 - [ 10] Visit: 07 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 10D TO 45 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: 4th visit on A2744-NORTH, includes 1/2 F814W, 1/2 F606W and 1 F435W orbits Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 ABELL-2744- ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F814W 1 1254 S POS TARG -0.248, -3 NORTH see below ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 ABELL-2744- ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F606W 1 1255 S POS TARG -0.248, -3 NORTH see below ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 ABELL-2744- ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F435W 1 1362 S POS TARG -0.248, -3 NORTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 ABELL-2744- ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F435W 1 1363 S POS TARG -0.496, -6 NORTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ABELL-2744-NORTH 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F814W none none none none 1 1268.0 S ABELL-2744-NORTH 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F606W none none none none 1 1269.0 S ABELL-2744-NORTH 3 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F435W none none none none 2 N/A ABELL-2744-NORTH 4 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F435W none none none none 2 N/A 11689( 2) - 03-Jul-2008 19:16:06 - [ 11] Visit: 08 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 0.0D TO 25 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: 4th visit on A2744-NORTH, includes 1/2 F814W, 1/2 F606W and 1 F435W orbits Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 ABELL-2744- ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F814W 1 1268 S POS TARG -0.248, -3 SOUTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 ABELL-2744- ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F606W 1 1269 S POS TARG -0.248, -3. SOUTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 ABELL-2744- ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F435W 1 1362 S POS TARG -0.248, -3. SOUTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 ABELL-2744- ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F435W 1 1363 S POS TARG -0.496, -6 SOUTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ABELL-2744-SOUTH 1 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F814W none none none none 1 N/A ABELL-2744-SOUTH 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F606W none none none none 1 N/A ABELL-2744-SOUTH 3 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F435W none none none none 2 N/A ABELL-2744-SOUTH 4 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F435W none none none none 2 N/A 11689( 2) - 03-Jul-2008 19:16:06 - [ 12] Summary Form for Proposal 11689 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures WFC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations ACS/WFC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements ORIENT 0.0D TO 25 D, ORIENT 10D TO 45 D, POS TARG -0.248, -3, POS TARG -0.248, -3., POS TARG -0.496, -6, POS TARG 0, 0, POS TARG 0.248, 3, POS TARG 0.496, 6, POS TARG 0.744, 9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F435W, F606W, F814W ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names ABELL-2744-NORTH, ABELL-2744-SOUTH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------