12543( 25) - 10-Oct-2011 18:29:57 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 12543 Version: 25 Check-in Time: 10-Oct-2011 18:29:57 STScI Edit Number: 22 Title Fine-scale Density, Temperature, and Ionization Fluctuations: Their Effect on Abundance Determinations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 19 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Robert H. Rubin NASA Ames Research Center CoI: Dr. C. Robert O'Dell Vanderbilt University N CoI: Dr. Monica Rodriguez Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica, Optica N y Elecronica ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract Knowledge of chemical abundances is fundamental to understanding the processes of nucleosynthesis and galactic chemical evolution. There are two major problems in nebular astrophysics that seriously affect the ability to derive reliable elemental abundances from emission lines. Attempts to solve these long-standing problems [the "abundance" & "temperature problems"-see text] have focused on electron temperature (Te) fluctuations within nebulae. The problems remain, and there is now a substantial faction who argue that Te variations alone are insufficient. We propose to build upon the previous observations of the benchmark Orion Nebula to measure not only Te variations but also the cospatial electron density (Ne) and ionization variations. With the new capability enabled by WFC3 and its unique set of narrow-band filters, we will obtain images with a scale as fine as 0.04". Through these filters, we will isolate emission lines including OIII 4363 & 5007, NII 5755 & 6584, SII 6716 & 6731, and SIII 9532 A. These observations will allow us to study in unprecedented detail variations (as well as their interdependence) in the fine-scale structure of Ne[SII], temperature (Te[OIII] for the high-ionization regions, Te[NII] for the low-ionization ones), and the degree of ionization via S+/S++. As a coordinated parallel program with no added time, we will image with ACS/F658N to provide a second epoch dataset with at least a seven year time-base. The goal is to obtain greater accuracy for the motions of jets and shocks arising from Young Stellar Objects and thus to better determine the time-dependent-characteristics of the episodic collimated outflows from these objects. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ WFC3/UVIS imaging will be made of M42 (the Orion Nebula). A set of full field images will be made centered on a region SW of the Trapezium and a set of quadrant filter images will be made in a portion of the full field images that is centered to the NE from the center for the full field filters. We choose these targets for several important reasons, including that they include the brightest part of the nebula, they include some shocked outflow sources, and for which Co-I O'Dell has Keck HIRES 12543( 25) - 10-Oct-2011 18:29:57 - [ 2] spectra. Coordinated parallel images will be made using the ACS. Real Time Justification ----------------------- Calibration Justification ------------------------- Additional Comments ------------------- The position combinations of the ORION-INNER and ORION-QUADS WFC3 targets are: ORION-INNER Target 5:35:09.57 -5:24:22.82 ORION-QUADS Target 5:35:12.89 -5:24:00.83 This is for an ORIENT = 70 Degrees exactly, our preferred ORIENT. This specific value permits a scheduling window in 2012 from 16 or 17 Jan - 13 Mar, ~56 days. If we cannot get this specific ORIENT value, then a range from 60 - 80 Degrees would also work. However we would need to know the expected value in order to make small changes to our target positions (order a few arcsec). The reason for this is to avoid the bright stars in the Trapezium. Note that the APT submission has the ORIENT range from 60 - 80 Degrees which opens the scheduling window a few more days, from 8 Jan - 13 Mar 2012. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12543( 25) - 10-Oct-2011 18:29:57 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 ORION-INNER ISM, EMISSION LINE RA=05H35M9.4700S +/- 0.1", J2000 V = 9.0 +/- 0.1 V-magnitude estimate is NEBULA, PLANETARY DEC=-05D24'25.00" +/- 0.1" for a field star, which is not NEBULA, RING NEBULA important for this emission-line object. Reference Frame: Other: FK5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 ORION-QUADS ISM, EMISSION LINE RA=05H35M13.6700S +/- 0.1", J2000 V = 9.0 +/- 0.1 V-magnitude is for a NEBULA, PLANETARY DEC=-05D24'8.71" +/- 0.1" field star, which is not important for NEBULA, RING NEBULA this emission-line object. Reference Frame: Other: FK5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12543( 25) - 10-Oct-2011 18:29:57 - [ 4] Patterns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 1 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type WFC3-UVIS-MOSAIC-LINE Pattern_Purpose MOSAIC Number_Of_Points 2 Point_Spacing 3.264 Line_Spacing Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 63.697 Angle_Between_Sides Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 2 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type WFC3-UVIS-DITHER-LINE-3PT Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 3 Point_Spacing 0.135 Line_Spacing Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 46.84 Angle_Between_Sides Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12543( 25) - 10-Oct-2011 18:29:57 - [ 5] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 59D TO 59 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: First Visit Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 ORION-INNER WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CENT F656N 1 349 S GS ACQ SCENARIO SINGLE; S ER PATTERN 1 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 ORION-INNER WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CENT F487N 1 409 S PATTERN 1 2 S ER ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 ORION-INNER WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CENT F502N 1 348 S PATTERN 1 3 S ER ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 ORION-INNER WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CENT F658N 1 602 S PATTERN 1 4 S ER ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 ORION-INNER WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CENT F673N 1 700 S PATTERN 1 5-6; PAR 6 S ER WITH 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 ORION-INNER ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC-FIX F658N 1 550 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 ORION-INNER WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CENT F953N 1 413 S PATTERN 1 7 S ER ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 ORION-INNER WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CENT F469N 1 889 S PATTERN 1 8-9; PAR 9 S ER WITH 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 ORION-INNER ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC-FIX F658N 1 750 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 ORION-INNER WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CENT F547M 1 348 S PATTERN 1 10 S ER ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 ORION-QUADS WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUAD FQ436N 1 550 S PATTERN 2 11-12; PAR 12 S -SUB WITH 11 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 ORION-INNER ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC-FIX F658N 1 500 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ORION-INNER 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F656N 1 none none none 1 N/A S TER 12543( 25) - 10-Oct-2011 18:29:57 - [ 6] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ORION-INNER 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F656N 2 none none none 1 N/A S TER ORION-INNER 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F487N 1 none none none 1 N/A S TER ORION-INNER 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F487N 2 none none none 1 N/A S TER ORION-INNER 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F502N 1 none none none 1 N/A S TER ORION-INNER 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F502N 2 none none none 1 N/A S TER ORION-INNER 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F658N 1 none none none 2 N/A S TER ORION-INNER 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F658N 2 none none none 2 N/A S TER ORION-INNER 5 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F673N 1 none none none 2 N/A S TER ORION-INNER 5 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F673N 2 none none none 2 N/A S TER ORION-INNER 6 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC-FIX F658N 1 none none none 2 N/A ORION-INNER 6 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC-FIX F658N 2 none none none 2 N/A ORION-INNER 7 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F953N 1 none none none 3 N/A S TER ORION-INNER 7 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F953N 2 none none none 3 N/A S TER ORION-INNER 8 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F469N 1 none none none 3 N/A S TER ORION-INNER 8 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F469N 2 none none none 3 N/A S TER ORION-INNER 9 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC-FIX F658N 1 none none none 3 N/A ORION-INNER 9 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC-FIX F658N 2 none none none 3 N/A ORION-INNER 10 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F547M 1 none none none 4 N/A S TER ORION-INNER 10 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-CEN F547M 2 none none none 4 N/A S TER ORION-QUADS 11 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ436N 1 none none none 4 N/A S D-SUB ORION-QUADS 11 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ436N 2 none none none 4 N/A S D-SUB ORION-QUADS 11 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ436N 3 none none none 4 N/A S D-SUB ORION-INNER 12 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC-FIX F658N 1 none none none 4 N/A ORION-INNER 12 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC-FIX F658N 2 none none none 4 N/A ORION-INNER 12 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC-FIX F658N 3 none none none 4 N/A 12543( 25) - 10-Oct-2011 18:29:57 - [ 7] Visit: 02 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 101.0D TO 101.0 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Second Visit Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 ORION-QUADS WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUAD FQ575N 1 800 S GS ACQ SCENARIO SINGLE; S -SUB PATTERN 2 1-2; PAR 2 WITH 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 ORION-QUADS ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F658N 1 800 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 ORION-QUADS WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUAD FQ674N 1 600 S NEW OBSET FULL ACQ; S -SUB PATTERN 2 3-4; PAR 4 WITH 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 ORION-QUADS ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F658N 1 600 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 ORION-QUADS WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUAD FQ575N 1 550 S GS ACQ SCENARIO SINGLE S -SUB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 ORION-QUADS WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUAD FQ672N 1 850 S NEW OBSET FULL ACQ; GS S -SUB ACQ SCENARIO SINGLE; PATTERN 2 6-7; PAR 7 WITH 6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 ORION-QUADS ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F658N 1 700 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ORION-QUADS 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ575N 1 none none none 1 N/A S D-SUB ORION-QUADS 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ575N 2 none none none 1 N/A S D-SUB ORION-QUADS 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ575N 3 none none none 1 N/A S D-SUB ORION-QUADS 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F658N 1 none none none 1 N/A ORION-QUADS 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F658N 2 none none none 1 N/A ORION-QUADS 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F658N 3 none none none 1 N/A ORION-QUADS 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ674N 1 none none none 2 N/A S D-SUB ORION-QUADS 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ674N 2 none none none 2 N/A S D-SUB 12543( 25) - 10-Oct-2011 18:29:57 - [ 8] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ORION-QUADS 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ674N 3 none none none 2 N/A S D-SUB ORION-QUADS 4 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F658N 1 none none none 2 N/A ORION-QUADS 4 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F658N 2 none none none 2 N/A ORION-QUADS 4 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F658N 3 none none none 2 N/A ORION-QUADS 5 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ575N none none none none 2 N/A S D-SUB ORION-QUADS 6 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ672N 1 none none none 3 N/A S D-SUB ORION-QUADS 6 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ672N 2 none none none 3 N/A S D-SUB ORION-QUADS 6 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ672N 3 none none none 3 N/A S D-SUB ORION-QUADS 7 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F658N 1 none none none 3 N/A ORION-QUADS 7 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F658N 2 none none none 3 N/A ORION-QUADS 7 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F658N 3 none none none 3 N/A 12543( 25) - 10-Oct-2011 18:29:57 - [ 9] Visit: 03 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 11.0D TO 11.0 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Second Visit Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 ORION-QUADS WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUAD FQ437N 1 850 S NEW OBSET FULL ACQ; GS S -SUB ACQ SCENARIO SINGLE; PATTERN 2 1-2; PAR 2 WITH 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 ORION-QUADS ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F658N 1 750 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ORION-QUADS 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ437N 1 none none none 1 N/A S D-SUB ORION-QUADS 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ437N 2 none none none 1 N/A S D-SUB ORION-QUADS 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ437N 3 none none none 1 N/A S D-SUB ORION-QUADS 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F658N 1 none none none 1 N/A ORION-QUADS 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F658N 2 none none none 1 N/A ORION-QUADS 2 ACS/WFC ACCUM WFC F658N 3 none none none 1 N/A 12543( 25) - 10-Oct-2011 18:29:57 - [ 10] Summary Form for Proposal 12543 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures UVIS-CENTER, UVIS-QUAD-SUB, WFC, WFC-FIX ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations ACS/WFC, WFC3/UVIS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements GS ACQ SCENARIO SINGLE, NEW OBSET FULL ACQ, ORIENT 101.0D TO 101.0 D, ORIENT 11.0D TO 11.0 D, ORIENT 59D TO 59 D, PAR 12 WITH 11, PAR 2 WITH 1, PAR 4 WITH 3, PAR 6 WITH 5, PAR 7 WITH 6, PAR 9 WITH 8, PATTERN 1 1, PATTERN 1 10, PATTERN 1 2, PATTERN 1 3, PATTERN 1 4, PATTERN 1 5-6, PATTERN 1 7, PATTERN 1 8-9, PATTERN 2 1-2, PATTERN 2 11-12, PATTERN 2 3-4, PATTERN 2 6-7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F469N, F487N, F502N, F547M, F656N, F658N, F673N, F953N, FQ436N, FQ437N, FQ575N, FQ672N, FQ674N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names ORION-INNER, ORION-QUADS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------