12548( 12) - 03-Apr-2012 14:45:41 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 12548 Version: 12 Check-in Time: 03-Apr-2012 14:45:41 STScI Edit Number: 3 Title Constraining Planet Formation in the Unique Evolved Binary HR 637 (GJ 86) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 19 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Jay Farihi University of Leicester CoI: Dr. Howard E. Bond Space Telescope Science Institute Y CoI: Prof. Martin Barstow University of Leicester N CoI: Dr. Nader Haghighipour University of Hawaii N CoI: Dr. Jay B. Holberg University of Arizona N CoI: Dr. Matthew Burleigh University of Leicester N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract An intriguing characteristic of the known exoplanets is the existence of gas giants in moderately close binary systems. Among these planet-hosting binaries, the HR 637 (GJ 86) system is particularly interesting; the exoplanet GJ 86b executes a 0.1 AU orbit about an early K dwarf that is in turn bound to a white dwarf near 20 AU. The progenitor of GJ 86B was originally the more massive stellar component, orbiting near 12 AU until post-main sequence mass loss expanded its separation. This picture presents a gravitational challenge to planet formation at GJ86A: how does a giant planet form around a solar-mass star in such close proximity to an intermediate-mass star? Also, did GJ 86b form at the same epoch as the stars, or during the post-main sequence evolution of the secondary? To model the formation of GJ 86b, a knowledge of the current and primordial stellar masses and separations is required. We propose WFC3 imaging of this high-contrast, 2 arcsec binary in several bandpasses, and subsequent STIS optical spectroscopy of the white dwarf GJ 86B. The imaging is essential to determine the precise location of the companion for STIS spectroscopy, while the broad-band colors will yield the temperature of the white dwarf. The spectroscopy will reveal the atmospheric composition -- including refractory pollutants -- of the white dwarf, and together with its known parallax, determine its radius and mass, the mass of its progenitor, the original binary separation, and total system age. From these data, we will be able to strongly constrain planet formation scenarios in this relatively close binary, and potentially obtain evidence of terrestrial planets within the system. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ WFC3 imaging observations over 1 orbit must be both executed and analyzed prior to STIS scheduling, which entails spectroscopy for the subsequent 2 orbits. The WFC3 image analysis will determine the precise binary offset and absolute position for spectroscopy of the faint stellar companion to the bright primary in this Sirius-type system. Real Time Justification ----------------------- 12548( 12) - 03-Apr-2012 14:45:41 - [ 2] Calibration Justification ------------------------- Additional Comments ------------------- The WFC3 and STIS observations must be done so that bleeding columns and diffraction spikes from the bright primary do not affect the faint companion. For the WFC3 imaging, we have constrained the ORIENT parameter so that the companion should fall within +- 10 degrees of the same array row as the bright primary. For STIS spectroscopy, we have done the same based on the expected PA of the companion, but expect to more precisely constrain the ORIENT parameter after analyzing the WFC3 data. We have put the STIS visits on hold until the completion of the WFC3 observations and analysis. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12548( 12) - 03-Apr-2012 14:45:41 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 GJ86A STAR, K V-IV RA=02H10M25.9342S +/- 0.1", J2000 V = 6.17 DEC=-50D49'25.41" +/- 0.1" Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: This object was generated by the targetselector and retrieved from the SIMBAD database. Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2000.0 0.22086774347440208 0.6532100000000001 .09274 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 GJ86B STAR, LATE-TYPE RA-OFF=0.249023S +/- 0.1S, J2000 V = 14.0 DEGENERATE DEC-OFF=0.05723" +/- 0.1", FROM 1 Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: Offset values currently are from an approximate visual orbit by Lagrange et al. These will be improved after we obtain the WFC3 images. New offset values based on WFC3 frames entered 4/2/12 by H. E. Bond ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12548( 12) - 03-Apr-2012 14:45:41 - [ 4] Patterns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 1 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type WFC3-UVIS-DITHER-BOX Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 4 Point_Spacing 0.173 Line_Spacing 0.112 Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 23.884 Angle_Between_Sides 81.785 Center_Pattern NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 3 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type STIS-ALONG-SLIT Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 3 Point_Spacing 0.40624 Line_Spacing Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 90.0 Angle_Between_Sides Center_Pattern YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 4 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type STIS-ALONG-SLIT Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 4 Point_Spacing 0.40624 Line_Spacing Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 90.0 Angle_Between_Sides Center_Pattern YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12548( 12) - 03-Apr-2012 14:45:41 - [ 5] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: ORIENT 90.8D TO 167.2 D; ORIENT 180.8D TO 208 D; ORIENT 230D TO 257.2 D; ORIENT 270.8D TO 347.2 D; ORIENT 0.8D TO 28 D; ORIENT 50D TO 77.2 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: ORIENT angles are specified to avoid faint companion lying near diffraction spikes or bleeding columns of bright primary, for expected PA of 84 degrees. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 GJ86A WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C51 F225W 4 1.0 S GS ACQ SCENARIO BASE1B3; S 2C-SUB PATTERN 1 1-2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 GJ86A WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C51 F225W 1 20 S GS ACQ SCENARIO BASE1B3 S 2C-SUB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 GJ86A WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C51 F275W 1 10.0 S PATTERN 1 3 S 2C-SUB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 GJ86A WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C51 F336W 1 5.0 S PATTERN 1 4 S 2C-SUB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 GJ86A WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C51 F390W 1 4.0 S PATTERN 1 5 S 2C-SUB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 GJ86A WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C51 F438W 1 4.0 S PATTERN 1 6 S 2C-SUB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 GJ86A WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C51 F555W 1 2.0 S PATTERN 1 7 S 2C-SUB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 GJ86A WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C51 F625W 1 2.0 S PATTERN 1 8 S 2C-SUB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 GJ86A WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C51 F814W 1 3.0 S PATTERN 1 9 S 2C-SUB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ GJ86A 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F225W 1 none 1 none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F225W 1 none 2 none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F225W 1 none 3 none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB 12548( 12) - 03-Apr-2012 14:45:41 - [ 6] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ GJ86A 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F225W 1 none 4 none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F225W 2 none 1 none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F225W 2 none 2 none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F225W 2 none 3 none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F225W 2 none 4 none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F225W 3 none 1 none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F225W 3 none 2 none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F225W 3 none 3 none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F225W 3 none 4 none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F225W 4 none 1 none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F225W 4 none 2 none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F225W 4 none 3 none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F225W 4 none 4 none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F225W 1 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F225W 2 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F225W 3 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F225W 4 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F275W 1 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F275W 2 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F275W 3 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F275W 4 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F336W 1 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F336W 2 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F336W 3 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB 12548( 12) - 03-Apr-2012 14:45:41 - [ 7] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ GJ86A 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F336W 4 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 5 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F390W 1 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 5 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F390W 2 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 5 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F390W 3 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 5 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F390W 4 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 6 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F438W 1 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 6 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F438W 2 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 6 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F438W 3 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 6 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F438W 4 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 7 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F555W 1 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 7 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F555W 2 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 7 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F555W 3 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 7 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F555W 4 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 8 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F625W 1 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 8 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F625W 2 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 8 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F625W 3 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 8 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F625W 4 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 9 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F814W 1 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 9 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F814W 2 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 9 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F814W 3 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB GJ86A 9 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS2-C5 F814W 4 none none none 1 N/A S 12C-SUB 12548( 12) - 03-Apr-2012 14:45:41 - [ 8] Visit: 02 Visit Requirements: PCS MODE FINE; SCHED 60%; ORIENT 33.6D TO 53.6 D; ORIENT 213.6D TO 233.6 D; AFTER 01 BY 14 D TO 140 D On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: STIS observation of GJ 86B. Consists of an acquisition image of GJ 86A, an acquisition peakup on GJ 86B, and spectra in G430L, G750M, and G430M. ORIENT requirements are to place GJ 86 B halfway between the diffraction spikes of A. Will be revised when WFC3 images from Visit 01 are analyzed. Visit is ON HOLD awaiting the WFC3 frames. ORIENT values updated based on recent WFC3 frames 4/2/12 by H. E. Bond. Observation is now ready to be scheduled. Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 GJ86A STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OII MIRROR ACQTYPE=POINT 1 0.5 S I ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 GJ86B STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05E1 MIRROR 1 1.6 S K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 GJ86B STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2E1 G430L 4300 CR-SPLIT=NO, GAIN=1 1 100 S PATTERN 3 3 see below ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 GJ86B STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2E1 G750M 6581 CR-SPLIT=NO, GAIN=1 1 400 S PATTERN 3 4 see below ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 GJ86B STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2E1 G430M 3936 CR-SPLIT=NO, GAIN=1 1 600 S PATTERN 4 5 see below ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ GJ86A 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OI MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A II GJ86B 2 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05E MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A K 1 GJ86B 3 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2E1 G430L 4300 1 none none none 1 106.0 S GJ86B 3 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2E1 G430L 4300 2 none none none 1 106.0 S GJ86B 3 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2E1 G430L 4300 3 none none none 1 106.0 S GJ86B 4 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2E1 G750M 6581 1 none none none 1 406.0 S GJ86B 4 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2E1 G750M 6581 2 none none none 1 406.0 S GJ86B 4 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2E1 G750M 6581 3 none none none 1 406.0 S GJ86B 5 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2E1 G430M 3936 1 none none none 2 693.0 S GJ86B 5 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2E1 G430M 3936 2 none none none 2 693.0 S 12548( 12) - 03-Apr-2012 14:45:41 - [ 9] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ GJ86B 5 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2E1 G430M 3936 3 none none none 2 693.0 S GJ86B 5 STIS/CCD ACCUM 52X0.2E1 G430M 3936 4 none none none 2 693.0 S 12548( 12) - 03-Apr-2012 14:45:41 - [ 10] Summary Form for Proposal 12548 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures 52X0.05E1, 52X0.2E1, F28X50OIII, UVIS2-C512C-SUB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations STIS/CCD, WFC3/UVIS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM, ACQ, ACQ/PEAK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters ACQTYPE=POINT, CR-SPLIT=NO, GAIN=1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements AFTER 01 BY 14 D TO 140 D, GS ACQ SCENARIO BASE1B3, ORIENT 0.8D TO 28 D, ORIENT 180.8D TO 208 D, ORIENT 213.6D TO 233.6 D, ORIENT 230D TO 257.2 D, ORIENT 270.8D TO 347.2 D, ORIENT 33.6D TO 53.6 D, ORIENT 50D TO 77.2 D, ORIENT 90.8D TO 167.2 D, PATTERN 1 1-2, PATTERN 1 3, PATTERN 1 4, PATTERN 1 5, PATTERN 1 6, PATTERN 1 7, PATTERN 1 8, PATTERN 1 9, PATTERN 3 3, PATTERN 3 4, PATTERN 4 5, PCS MODE FINE, SCHED 60% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F225W, F275W, F336W, F390W, F438W, F555W, F625W, F814W, G430L, G430M, G750M, MIRROR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names GJ86A, GJ86B ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------