12552( 2) - 12-Jul-2011 13:21:05 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 12552 Version: 2 Check-in Time: 12-Jul-2011 13:21:05 STScI Edit Number: 0 Title Shock Energy in Merging Systems: The Elephant in the Room. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 19 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. Lisa Kewley University of Hawaii CoI: Dr. Mark G. Allen Universite de Strasbourg I N CoI: Prof. Daniela Calzetti University of Massachusetts N CoI: Prof. Michael A. Dopita Australian National University N CoI: Dr. Timothy M. Heckman The Johns Hopkins University N CoI: Dr. David Rupke Rhodes College N CoI: Dr. David B. Sanders University of Hawaii N CoI: Dr. Claus Leitherer Space Telescope Science Institute N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract The relationship between shocks, star formation and the evolution of merging galaxies is not well understood. We are now poised to gain major insight in this area, thanks to the high resolution narrow-band imaging capabilities of WFC3 and recent major advances in theoretical shock and and photoionization models. Shocks and star formation in merging galaxies are regulated by fundamental physical properties of the ISM such as dust, gas density, ionized gas structure, and the presence of galactic winds and outflows. We aim to uncover the relationship between shocks, galactic winds, and the fundamental ISM properties in two famous mergers NGC 6240 and Arp 220. These two galaxies are currently transitioning from disk galaxies into spheroids and they are close enough to achieve the spatial scales required to resolve individual supernova remnants with WFC3 imaging. We propose to image NGC 6240 and Arp 220 in key shock and photoionization sensitive diagnostic lines [OII], [OIII], H-beta, [NII]+H-alpha, [SII], and (where possible) [OI] to (1) resolve the source of the ionizing radiation field (shocks versus photoionization by hot stars) at spatial scales of 25-35 pc, and (2) map the distribution of the star formation and ionized gas to search for links with merger-driven shocks and large-scale gas flows. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ Our total exposure time estimates to reach a S/N = 5 per 0.07? resolution element are given in the following Table, as calculated with the WFC3 UVIS imaging Exposure Time Calculator. We used the H images of Heckman (1987) plus the HST image of NGC 6240 by Gerssen et al. (2004) to measure the limiting fluxes of prominent emission-line structures. We then used ground-based long-slit data (Kim et al. 1995, Kewley et al. 2000, Rupke et al. 2005, Moustakas & Kennicutt 2006) to scale these H fluxes and estimate the expected fluxes of other emission lines. Overhead estimates shown in the Table below include setup, readout, dithering, and filter change overheads, plus 2-3 exposures per filter (3 exposures for total exposure times > 1000, and 2 exposures for total exposure times < 1000) to ensure robust cosmic-ray removal. 12552( 2) - 12-Jul-2011 13:21:05 - [ 2] Due to the short exposures in the red and narrow-band filters, we expect there to be at least 2, and at most 4 buffer dumps. We will try to minimize the effect of these dumps by placing the short exposures at the beginning or end of orbits. Our total overhead includes the time required for 4 buffer dumps as shown in the table. Including overheads, we request 7 orbits for Arp 220, and 8 orbits for NGC 6240, for a total of 15 orbits. Real Time Justification ----------------------- n/a Calibration Justification ------------------------- n/a Additional Comments ------------------- None. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12552( 2) - 12-Jul-2011 13:21:05 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 ARP220 GALAXY, INTERACTING RA=15H34M57.1000S +/- 0.1", J2000 Z = V = 13.2 GALAXY, SHOCK FRONT, DEC=+23D30'11.00" +/- 0.1" 0.018116 STARBURST Reference Frame: ICRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 NGC6240 GALAXY, INTERACTING RA=16H52M58.9000S +/- 0.1", J2000 Z = V = 16.3 GALAXY, SHOCK FRONT, DEC=+02D24'3.00" +/- 0.1" 0.024323 STARBURST Reference Frame: ICRS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12552( 2) - 12-Jul-2011 13:21:05 - [ 4] Patterns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 1 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type WFC3-UVIS-GAP-LINE Pattern_Purpose DITHER Number_Of_Points 2 Point_Spacing 2.414 Line_Spacing Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 85.759 Angle_Between_Sides Center_Pattern YES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pattern_Number: 2 Primary_Pattern Secondary_Pattern Pattern_Type WFC3-UVIS-GAP-LINE WFC3-UVIS-DITHER-LINE-3PT Pattern_Purpose MOSAIC DITHER Number_Of_Points 2 3 Point_Spacing 2.414 0.135 Line_Spacing Coordinate_Frame POS-TARG POS-TARG Pattern_Orient 85.759 46.84 Angle_Between_Sides Center_Pattern YES NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12552( 2) - 12-Jul-2011 13:21:05 - [ 5] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 ARP220 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F621M 1 155 S PATTERN 1 1 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 ARP220 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUAD FQ492N 1 1090 S PATTERN 1 2 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 ARP220 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUAD FQ492N 1 920 S PATTERN 2 3 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ARP220 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F621M 1 none none none 1 N/A S ARP220 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F621M 2 none none none 1 N/A S ARP220 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ492N 1 none none none 1 N/A S D ARP220 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ492N 2 none none none 1 N/A S D ARP220 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ492N 1 1 none none 2 N/A S D ARP220 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ492N 1 2 none none 2 N/A S D ARP220 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ492N 1 3 none none 2 N/A S D ARP220 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ492N 2 1 none none 3 N/A S D ARP220 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ492N 2 2 none none 3 N/A S D ARP220 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ492N 2 3 none none 3 N/A S D 12552( 2) - 12-Jul-2011 13:21:05 - [ 6] Visit: 02 Visit Requirements: SAME ORIENT AS 01 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 ARP220 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F665N 1 200 S PATTERN 1 1 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 ARP220 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUAD FQ508N 1 1050 S PATTERN 1 2 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 ARP220 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUAD FQ508N 1 920 S PATTERN 2 3 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 ARP220 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F680N 1 525 S PATTERN 1 4 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 ARP220 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F467M 1 775 S PATTERN 1 5 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ARP220 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F665N 1 none none none 1 N/A S ARP220 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F665N 2 none none none 1 N/A S ARP220 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ508N 1 none none none 1 N/A S D ARP220 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ508N 2 none none none 1 N/A S D ARP220 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ508N 1 1 none none 2 N/A S D ARP220 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ508N 1 2 none none 2 N/A S D ARP220 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ508N 1 3 none none 2 N/A S D ARP220 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ508N 2 1 none none 3 N/A S D ARP220 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ508N 2 2 none none 3 N/A S D ARP220 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ508N 2 3 none none 3 N/A S D 12552( 2) - 12-Jul-2011 13:21:05 - [ 7] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ARP220 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F680N 1 none none none 4 N/A S ARP220 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F680N 2 none none none 4 N/A S ARP220 5 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F467M 1 none none none 4 N/A S ARP220 5 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F467M 2 none none none 4 N/A S 12552( 2) - 12-Jul-2011 13:21:05 - [ 8] Visit: 03 Visit Requirements: On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 NGC6240 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F621M 1 155 S PATTERN 1 1 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 NGC6240 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUAD FQ492N 1 1080 S PATTERN 1 2 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 NGC6240 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUAD FQ492N 1 915 S PATTERN 2 3 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 NGC6240 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F645N 1 393 S PATTERN 2 4 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ NGC6240 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F621M 1 none none none 1 N/A S NGC6240 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F621M 2 none none none 1 N/A S NGC6240 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ492N 1 none none none 1 N/A S D NGC6240 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ492N 2 none none none 1 N/A S D NGC6240 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ492N 1 1 none none 2 N/A S D NGC6240 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ492N 1 2 none none 2 N/A S D NGC6240 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ492N 1 3 none none 2 N/A S D NGC6240 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ492N 2 1 none none 3 N/A S D NGC6240 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ492N 2 2 none none 3 N/A S D NGC6240 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ492N 2 3 none none 3 N/A S D NGC6240 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F645N 1 1 none none 4 N/A S NGC6240 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F645N 1 2 none none 4 N/A S 12552( 2) - 12-Jul-2011 13:21:05 - [ 9] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ NGC6240 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F645N 1 3 none none 4 N/A S NGC6240 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F645N 2 1 none none 4 N/A S NGC6240 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F645N 2 2 none none 4 N/A S NGC6240 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F645N 2 3 none none 4 N/A S 12552( 2) - 12-Jul-2011 13:21:05 - [ 10] Visit: 04 Visit Requirements: SAME ORIENT AS 03 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 NGC6240 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F673N 1 195 S PATTERN 1 1 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 NGC6240 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUAD FQ508N 1 1045 S PATTERN 1 2 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 NGC6240 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUAD FQ508N 1 915 S PATTERN 2 3 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 NGC6240 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F680N 1 525 S PATTERN 1 4 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 NGC6240 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F467M 1 770 S PATTERN 1 5 S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ NGC6240 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F673N 1 none none none 1 N/A S NGC6240 1 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F673N 2 none none none 1 N/A S NGC6240 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ508N 1 none none none 1 N/A S D NGC6240 2 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ508N 2 none none none 1 N/A S D NGC6240 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ508N 1 1 none none 2 N/A S D NGC6240 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ508N 1 2 none none 2 N/A S D NGC6240 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ508N 1 3 none none 2 N/A S D NGC6240 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ508N 2 1 none none 3 N/A S D NGC6240 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ508N 2 2 none none 3 N/A S D NGC6240 3 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS-QUA FQ508N 2 3 none none 3 N/A S D 12552( 2) - 12-Jul-2011 13:21:05 - [ 11] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ NGC6240 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F680N 1 none none none 4 N/A S NGC6240 4 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F680N 2 none none none 4 N/A S NGC6240 5 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F467M 1 none none none 4 N/A S NGC6240 5 WFC3/UVI ACCUM UVIS F467M 2 none none none 4 N/A S 12552( 2) - 12-Jul-2011 13:21:05 - [ 12] Summary Form for Proposal 12552 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures UVIS, UVIS-QUAD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations WFC3/UVIS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements PATTERN 1 1, PATTERN 1 2, PATTERN 1 4, PATTERN 1 5, PATTERN 2 3, PATTERN 2 4, SAME ORIENT AS 01, SAME ORIENT AS 03 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements F467M, F621M, F645N, F665N, F673N, F680N, FQ492N, FQ508N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names ARP220, NGC6240 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------