12965( 6) - 12-Mar-2014 14:56:40 - [ 1] HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVING PROGRAM 12965 Version: 6 Check-in Time: 12-Mar-2014 14:56:40 STScI Edit Number: 0 Title Properties and dynamics of the upper atmosphere of the hot-Neptune GJ 436b ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type Cycle GO 20 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Investigators Contact? PI: Dr. David Ehrenreich Observatoire de Geneve Y CoI: Dr. Peter J. Wheatley The University of Warwick N CoI: Dr. Alain Lecavelier des Etangs CNRS, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris N CoI: Dr. David Kent Sing University of Exeter N CoI: Dr. Jean-Michel Desert University of Colorado at Boulder N CoI: Dr. Xavier Delfosse Universite de Grenoble I N CoI: Dr. Guillaume Hebrard CNRS, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris N CoI: Dr. Xavier Bonfils Universite de Grenoble I N CoI: Dr. Stephane Udry Observatoire de Geneve N CoI: Mr. Vincent Bourrier CNRS, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract Atmospheric escape of highly-irradiated exoplanets can be detected -only by HST- as strong absorption in the stellar Lyman-alpha line of neutral hydrogen (121 nm) during planetary transits. So far, it has been observed only for hot-Jupiters. Nonetheless, lower-mass hot-Neptunes should be significantly impacted by this phenomenon, thought to be driven by the absorption of stellar X/EUV radiation in the upper layers of the atmosphere. Here, we propose to detect atmospheric escape from a hot-Neptune, GJ 436b. This planet transits a nearby, quiet M dwarf. We demonstrated with HST/STIS in a past Cycle that this star is a bright Lyman-alpha target. Hence, we will use this same instrument to measure the properties of the upper atmosphere of this hot-Neptune, constrain its escape rate, and search for temporal variations in its exosphere, thus bringing new insights on the physics of the atmospheric escape for a completely different range of masses. We also propose coordinated Chandra observations of GJ 436b's transits to measure the atmospheric escape efficiency factor and test the impact of stellar X-ray variability on the atmospheric properties of the planet. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Observations Description ------------------------ This program consists in 3 visits of 4 orbits. In each visit, we will observe the transit of an exoplanet in front of its star. Transits occur every 2.64 days (the orbital period of the planet) and last for about 1h. The timing requirements are set as phase constraints on the first ACQ exposure of the first orbit in a visit. The goal is to observe the star during two HST orbits before the transit, so that the transit can be completely covered by the third orbit. The fourth orbit occurs after the transit and serves to establish a (critical) posterior reference. The phase constraints given for the first orbit authorize a margin of 7-8 min. Real Time Justification 12965( 6) - 12-Mar-2014 14:56:40 - [ 2] ----------------------- Calibration Justification ------------------------- Additional Comments ------------------- This is a joined HST-Chandra program. HST and Chandra should observe the same three transit events, meaning that HST and Chandra visits should be synchronized. Note, however, that the phase constraints given to Chandra are more relaxed (with start phase between 0.87 and 0.93) than for HST. Chandra will typically start to observe earlier (a couple of hours) than HST. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12965( 6) - 12-Mar-2014 14:56:40 - [ 3] TARGET LIST Fixed Targets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tar| Target | Target | Target |Coord | Radial | Flux data No | Name | Description | Position |Eqnx | Vel. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 LHS-310 STAR, EXTRA-SOLAR RA=11H42M10.5470S +/- 0.074", J2000 V = 10 V = 10.68 Lyman-alpha: 5.5e-14 PLANET, EXTRA-SOLAR DEC=+26D42'30.46" +/- 0.069" erg/s/cm^2 PLANETARY SYSTEM, M V-IV Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: Coordinates and proper motions form the Simbad database. Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2000 0.06687301456787453 -0.8135399999999999 0.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 LHS-310-UPDA STAR, EXTRA-SOLAR RA=11H42M11.0940S +/- 0.1", J2000 V = 10 V = 10.68 Lyman-alpha: 5.5e-14 TED PLANET, EXTRA-SOLAR DEC=+26D42'23.65" +/- 0.1" erg/s/cm^2 PLANETARY SYSTEM, M V-IV Reference Frame: ICRS Comments: Coordinates and proper motions are taken from the Simbad database AFTER the request by STScI to correct the J2000 coordinates has been implemented. Epoch of Position RA proper motion (seconds of time/yr) DEC Proper Motion (arcsec/yr) Annual Parallax (arcsec) 2000 0.06687190377287912 -0.8135399999999999 0.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12965( 6) - 12-Mar-2014 14:56:40 - [ 4] Visit: 01 Visit Requirements: SCHED 100%; Period 2.6438979 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2454865.08321 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 LHS-310 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OII MIRROR 1 13 S (13 PHASE 0.9410 TO 0.9430; S) SEQ 1-4 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 LHS-310 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 7 S (7 S) K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 LHS-310 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=900 1 1510 S -MAMA G (1510 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 LHS-310 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 7 S (7 S) SEQ 5-7 NON-INT K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 LHS-310 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=900 1 1911 S -MAMA G (1911 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 LHS-310 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 7 S (7 S) SEQ 8-10 NON-INT K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 LHS-310 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=900 1 1911 S -MAMA G (1911 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 LHS-310 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 7 S (7 S) SEQ 11-13 NON-INT K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 LHS-310 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=900 1 1911 S -MAMA G (1911 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12965( 6) - 12-Mar-2014 14:56:40 - [ 5] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ LHS-310 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OI MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A I LHS-310 2 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 none none none none 1 N/A K LHS-310 3 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 4 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA LHS-310 5 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 none none none none 2 N/A K LHS-310 6 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 2 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 7 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 2 N/A -MAMA LHS-310 8 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 none none none none 3 N/A K LHS-310 9 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 3 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 10 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 3 N/A -MAMA LHS-310 11 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 none none none none 4 N/A K LHS-310 12 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 4 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 13 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 4 N/A -MAMA 12965( 6) - 12-Mar-2014 14:56:40 - [ 6] Visit: 02 Visit Requirements: SCHED 100%; Period 2.6438979 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2454865.08321 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 LHS-310-UPD STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OII MIRROR 1 13 S (13 PHASE 0.9410 TO 0.9430; ATED S) SEQ 1-4 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 LHS-310-UPD STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 7 S (7 S) ATED K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 LHS-310-UPD STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=900, WAVECAL=NO 1 1670 S ATED -MAMA G (1670 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 LHS-310-UPD STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 7 S (7 S) SEQ 5-7 NON-INT ATED K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 LHS-310-UPD STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=900 1 2071 S ATED -MAMA G (2071 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 LHS-310-UPD STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 7 S (7 S) SEQ 8-10 NON-INT ATED K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 LHS-310-UPD STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=900 1 2071 S ATED -MAMA G (2071 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 LHS-310-UPD STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 7 S (7 S) SEQ 11-13 NON-INT ATED K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 LHS-310-UPD STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=900 1 2071 S ATED -MAMA G (2071 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12965( 6) - 12-Mar-2014 14:56:40 - [ 7] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ LHS-310-UPDATED 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OI MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A I LHS-310-UPDATED 2 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 none none none none 1 N/A K LHS-310-UPDATED 3 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 4 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA LHS-310-UPDATED 5 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 none none none none 2 N/A K LHS-310-UPDATED 6 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 2 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 7 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 2 N/A -MAMA LHS-310-UPDATED 8 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 none none none none 3 N/A K LHS-310-UPDATED 9 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 3 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 10 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 3 N/A -MAMA LHS-310-UPDATED 11 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 none none none none 4 N/A K LHS-310-UPDATED 12 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 4 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 13 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 4 N/A -MAMA 12965( 6) - 12-Mar-2014 14:56:40 - [ 8] Visit: 03 Visit Requirements: SCHED 100%; Period 2.6438979 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2454865.08321 On Hold Comments: Additional Comments: Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Exp | Target | Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Central| Optional |Num| Time | Special Num | Name | Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Waveln.| Parameters |Exp| (Total) | Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 LHS-310-UPD STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OII MIRROR 1 13 S (13 PHASE 0.9395 TO 0.9445; ATED S) SEQ 1-4 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 LHS-310-UPD STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 7 S (7 S) ATED K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 LHS-310-UPD STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=900, WAVECAL=NO 1 1670 S ATED -MAMA G (1670 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 LHS-310-UPD STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 7 S (7 S) SEQ 5-7 NON-INT ATED K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 LHS-310-UPD STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=900 1 2071 S ATED -MAMA G (2071 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 LHS-310-UPD STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 7 S (7 S) SEQ 8-10 NON-INT ATED K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 LHS-310-UPD STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=900 1 2071 S ATED -MAMA G (2071 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 LHS-310-UPD STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 1 7 S (7 S) SEQ 11-13 NON-INT ATED K ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 LHS-310-UPD STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 BUFFER-TIME=900 1 2071 S ATED -MAMA G (2071 S) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 WAVE STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 1 DEF (0 S) -MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12965( 6) - 12-Mar-2014 14:56:40 - [ 9] Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sub Exposures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target | Exp |Instr | Oper. | Aper |Spectral|Cent.|Primary |Secondary |Iteration |CR-SPLIT |Orbit |Duration Name | Num |Config | Mode | or FOV |Element |Wave.|Pattern Pos |Pattern Pos |Num |Num |Number | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ LHS-310-UPDATED 1 STIS/CCD ACQ F28X50OI MIRROR none none none none 1 N/A I LHS-310-UPDATED 2 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 none none none none 1 N/A K LHS-310-UPDATED 3 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 4 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 1 N/A -MAMA LHS-310-UPDATED 5 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 none none none none 2 N/A K LHS-310-UPDATED 6 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 2 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 7 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 2 N/A -MAMA LHS-310-UPDATED 8 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 none none none none 3 N/A K LHS-310-UPDATED 9 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 3 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 10 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 3 N/A -MAMA LHS-310-UPDATED 11 STIS/CCD ACQ/PEA 52X0.05 G430L 4300 none none none none 4 N/A K LHS-310-UPDATED 12 STIS/FUV TIME-TA 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 4 N/A -MAMA G WAVE 13 STIS/FUV ACCUM 52X0.05 G140M 1222 none none none none 4 N/A -MAMA 12965( 6) - 12-Mar-2014 14:56:40 - [ 10] Summary Form for Proposal 12965 Item Used in this proposal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apertures 52X0.05, F28X50OII ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Configurations STIS/CCD, STIS/FUV-MAMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Opmodes ACCUM, ACQ, ACQ/PEAK, TIME-TAG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optional Parameters BUFFER-TIME=900, WAVECAL=NO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Special Requirements PHASE 0.9395 TO 0.9445, PHASE 0.9410 TO 0.9430, Period 2.6438979 D AND ZERO-PHASE HJD2454865.08321, SCHED 100%, SEQ 1-4 NON-INT, SEQ 11-13 NON-INT, SEQ 5-7 NON-INT, SEQ 8-10 NON-INT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Spectral Elements G140M, G430L, MIRROR ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Target Names LHS-310, LHS-310-UPDATED, WAVE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------